专题07 阅读理解（说明文） - 【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题08 阅读理解（说明文） 1.信息提取与事实确认能力：学生需具备从说明文中准确提取并理解事实性信息的能力，包括数据、时间、地点、过程、特征、原因、结果等具体细节，并能根据题目要求进行定位、比对或计算。 2.逻辑结构与信息归纳能力：学生应能把握说明文的组织结构（如总分、因果、对比、分类等），理解段落之间的逻辑关系，并能够归纳段落大意或全文主旨，明确作者说明的核心内容或观点。 3.概念理解与术语推断能力：学生需能够理解文中涉及的专业术语、抽象概念或文化现象，能通过上下文推断生词或短语的含义，并理解其在文中的具体指代或作用，确保对说明对象的准确理解。 2025年 Running away is a serious problem. There are lots of runaway and homeless kids living in the streets around the world. Why do kids want to run away from home? *Some kids run away because they’re afraid to tell their parents the bad things that they did at school or in society. *Some kids run away because there is violence (暴力) in the family. *Some kids run away because their parents divorce and marry others again. *Some kids run away because they have problems at school. What will you do if your friend wants to run away from home? If your friend is thinking about running away, tell him or her that it is difficult to survive (幸存) in the streets. Try to help your friend feel less lonely. Whatever the problem is, there are other ways to solve it. Maybe you can’t think of the ways right now, but an adult will know how to help you. You should tell an adult that your friend plans to run away as soon as possible. Being a real friend doesn’t mean keeping a secret that may hurt someone. And running away isn’t a solution for either of you. It only makes more problems and danger. 41. How many reasons are mentioned in the article about running away? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 42. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “divorce”? A. 离婚 B. 吵架 C. 去世 D. 受伤 43. We can know from the article ________. A. children who want to run away have trouble in the family or at school B. children who want to run away are very confident C. children who want to run away want to make more problems for their parents D. children who want to run away can hardly make friends 44. If your friend wants to run away, you should ________. A. help him make a plan B. tell an adult to stop him from doing that C. help him find out the reason why he wants to do that D. give some advice about how to survive 45. The writer’s opinion about running away is that ________. A. parents shouldn’t divorce B. teachers should solve the problems kids have at school C. kids should get some training about how to survive D. running away isn’t a solution 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了孩子离家出走这一严重问题，分析了孩子离家出走的原因，还给出了应对朋友想离家出走的建议。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“*Some kids run away because they’re afraid to tell their parents the bad things that they did at school or in society. *Some kids run away because there is violence (暴力)in the family. *Some kids run away because their parents divorce and marry others again. *Some kids run away because they have problems at school. (一些孩子因为害怕告诉父母他们在学校或社会上不良行为而离家出走。一些孩子因为家庭暴力而离家出走。一些孩子因为父母离婚并再次结婚而离家出走。一些孩子因为在学校遇到问题而离家出走。)”可知，文章一共提到了4个孩子离家出走的原因。故选C。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章画线词句子“Some kids run away because their parents divorce and marry others again. (有些孩子离家出走是因为他们的父母……并再婚。)”可知，父母只有离婚后才会再婚，所以“divorce”意为“离婚”。故选A。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章“*Some kids run away because they’re afraid to tell their parents the bad things that they did at school or in society. *Some kids run away because there is violence (暴力) in the family. *Some kids run away because their parents divorce and marry others again. *Some kids run away because they have problems at school. (一些孩子因为害怕告诉父母他们在学校或社会上的不良行为而离家出走。一些孩子因为家庭暴力而离家出走。一些孩子因为父母离婚并再次结婚而离家出走。一些孩子因为在学校遇到问题而离家出走。)”可知，想离家出走的孩子在家庭或学校遇到了麻烦。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“You should tell an adult that your friend plans to run away as soon as possible. (你应该尽快告诉一个成年人你的朋友打算离家出走。)”可知，如果你的朋友想离家出走，你应该告诉一个成年人来阻止他这么做。故选B。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And running away isn’t a solution for either of you. It only makes more problems and danger. (离家出走对你们俩来说都不是解决办法。它只会带来更多的问题和危险。)”可知，作者认为离家出走不是解决办法。故选D。 2023年 If we were asked what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4000 years ago because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa because they had not learned to write. Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history ”. Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is, because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful. 46. Which of the following ideas is NOT suggested in the passage ? A. “Remembered history”, compared with written history, is less reliable. B. Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history. C. A written account of our daily activities helps us to be able to answer many questions. D. Where there are no written records, there is no history. 47. We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because ________. A. there was nothing worth being written down at that time B. the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record C. the people there did not know how to write D. the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire 48. “Remembered history” refers to ________. A. history based on a person’s imagination B. stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth C. songs and dances about the most important events D. both B and C 49. “Remembered history” is regarded as valuable only when ________. A. it is written down B. no written account is available C. it proves to be true D. people are interested in it 50. The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had ________. A. kept a written record of every past event B. not burned their written records in wars C. told exact stories of the most important happenings D. made more songs and dances 【答案】46. D 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它通过阐述个人经历与历史记录之间的关系，举例说明了文字记录对于保存历史的重要性，以及在没有文字记录的情况下人们传承历史的方式，对相关现象和道理进行了清晰的解释和说明。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. (当然，有时候，即使人们不会写字，他们也可能知道一些过去的事情。)”可知，没有书面记录时，人们也可能知道一些过去的事情。故选D。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa because they had not learned to write. (但是，我们对200年前生活在中非的人们几乎一无所知，因为他们还没有学会书写。)”可知，我们对 200 年前的中非知之甚少，因为那里的人们不知道如何书写。故选C。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history ”. (他们从长辈那里听说过这些事情，而且经常会用歌曲、舞蹈和故事来讲述最重要的事件，这些故事已经被唱了、演了、讲了好几代，因为大多数人都为讲述他们父辈过去所做的事情而感到自豪。我们可以把这称为“记住的历史”。)”可知，“记住的历史”是指口口相传的重要事件的故事以及关于最重要事件的歌舞。故选D。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful. (但在没有书面记录的地方，这样的口头故事往往非常有帮助。)”可知，“记住的历史”只有在没有书面记载的情况下才有价值。故选B。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. (许多事情已经被遗忘了，因为我们没有任何书面记录。)”可推测出，书面记录对于了解历史的重要性，如果古人对每件事都有书面记录，我们能了解更多。故选A。 2021年 Peter King, 15, Mary King, 13, went to see a doctor. Peter had a bad cold, so the doctor gave him some pills to take. Mary had a bad cough, so the dootor gave her some medicine. These are the words on the bottle of medicine Cough Medicine Shake well before use. Take three times daily after meals. Dose: adults 2 teaspoonfuls children 8-14 1 teaspoonful children 4-7 1/2 teaspoonful Not suitable for children below the age of 4. Store in a cold place. Use before October 2022. 41. Mary should take ________ in a day. A. 2 teaspoonfuls B. 3 teaspoonfuls C. 4 teaspoonfuls D. 1 teaspoonful 42. The medicine should be kept in ________. A. a refrigerator B. hot water C. any place D. not cold nor hot places 43. Mary should ________ before she takes some. A. shake the medicine well B. eat her meals C. do some exercise D. drink something 44. People aged ________ cannot take the medicine. A. 80 B. 15 C. 5 D. 3 45. Mary or her mother should ________ the medicine left after October, 2022. A. throw away B. take two times C. stop to take D. take 3 times more 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. A 44. D 45. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了彼得和玛丽去看医生，以及玛丽所服咳嗽药的使用说明。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Mary King, 13 (玛丽·金 13岁)”、“children 8-14 1 teaspoonful (8-14岁的儿童1茶匙)”和“Take three times daily after meals. (每日三次，饭后服用。)”可知，玛丽一天一共要服用3茶匙的药。故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Store in a cold place. (存放于阴凉处。)”可知，药应该存放在阴凉处，即冰箱里。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Shake well before use. (使用前摇匀。)”可知，玛丽服药前应该把药摇匀。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Not suitable for children below the age of 4. (不适合 4 岁以下儿童。)”可知，3岁的人不能服用这种药。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Use before October 2022. (2022年10月前使用)”可知，玛丽或她的母亲应该在2022年10月之后扔掉剩下的药物。故选A。 We all know the danger of fires. It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions. Put a smoke alarm (火警) in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once. Make escape (逃脱) plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire , everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily. Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them. Practice for a fire. We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules : ★ Don’t open a hot door ! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door : ★ Stay close to the floor ! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. ★ What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn ? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll ! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket (毯子) around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you. There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help. 46. When a smoke alarm rings at home, it means ________. A. you have to get up B. water is running to the floor C. something is burning D. someone breaks your window 47. The writer advises us to do the following to prepare for a fire EXCEPT that ________. A. we practice for a fire B. we make escape plans C. we buy fire extinguishers D. we use electrical cookers 48. When a fire happens, ________ if you open the hot door. A. the door will soon be on fire B. the electricity will be cut off C. the fire will grow more quickly D. the house will fall down 49. What are the right steps you should take when your hair or clothes catch fire? A. Stop, run, roll. B. Stop, drop, roll. C. Run, drop, roll. D. Roll, drop, stop. 50. What is the BEST title for this passsage? A. Be Ready for a Fire. B. The Causes of a Fire. C. Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher. D. The Dangers of a Fire. 【答案】46. C 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家庭防火的建议及火灾发生时的应对措施。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. (火灾产生的烟雾使警报器响起。)”可知，烟雾报警器响起意味着有东西正在燃烧故选C。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章中“Put a smoke alarm (火警) in the house. (在房子里装一个烟雾报警器。)”、“Make escape (逃脱) plans. (制定逃生计划)”、“Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. (购买灭火器)”和“Practice for a fire. (进行火灾演练)”可知，文章提到的防火措施包括安装烟雾报警器、制定逃生计划、购买灭火器、进行火灾演练，但未提及“使用电炊具”。故选D。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个★所在句“Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door. (不要打开热门！如果你打开门，火会烧得更快。)”可知，打开热门会加速火势蔓延。故选C。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三个★“What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn ? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll ! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. (如果你的头发或衣服开始燃烧，你该怎么办？首先，停止！不要跑！因为有更多的空气，火燃烧得更快。趴下！倒在地上。然后打滚！翻来覆去会使火熄灭。)”可知，正确步骤为“停下、趴下、翻滚”。故选B。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。文章围绕家庭防火展开，从预防措施（装报警器、制定计划等）到火灾应对（逃生规则、报警），核心是强调 “为火灾做好准备”。故选A。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题08 阅读理解（说明文） 1.信息提取与事实确认能力：学生需具备从说明文中准确提取并理解事实性信息的能力，包括数据、时间、地点、过程、特征、原因、结果等具体细节，并能根据题目要求进行定位、比对或计算。 2.逻辑结构与信息归纳能力：学生应能把握说明文的组织结构（如总分、因果、对比、分类等），理解段落之间的逻辑关系，并能够归纳段落大意或全文主旨，明确作者说明的核心内容或观点。 3.概念理解与术语推断能力：学生需能够理解文中涉及的专业术语、抽象概念或文化现象，能通过上下文推断生词或短语的含义，并理解其在文中的具体指代或作用，确保对说明对象的准确理解。 2025年 Running away is a serious problem. There are lots of runaway and homeless kids living in the streets around the world. Why do kids want to run away from home? *Some kids run away because they’re afraid to tell their parents the bad things that they did at school or in society. *Some kids run away because there is violence (暴力) in the family. *Some kids run away because their parents divorce and marry others again. *Some kids run away because they have problems at school. What will you do if your friend wants to run away from home? If your friend is thinking about running away, tell him or her that it is difficult to survive (幸存) in the streets. Try to help your friend feel less lonely. Whatever the problem is, there are other ways to solve it. Maybe you can’t think of the ways right now, but an adult will know how to help you. You should tell an adult that your friend plans to run away as soon as possible. Being a real friend doesn’t mean keeping a secret that may hurt someone. And running away isn’t a solution for either of you. It only makes more problems and danger. 41. How many reasons are mentioned in the article about running away? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 42. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “divorce”? A. 离婚 B. 吵架 C. 去世 D. 受伤 43. We can know from the article ________. A. children who want to run away have trouble in the family or at school B. children who want to run away are very confident C. children who want to run away want to make more problems for their parents D. children who want to run away can hardly make friends 44. If your friend wants to run away, you should ________. A. help him make a plan B. tell an adult to stop him from doing that C. help him find out the reason why he wants to do that D. give some advice about how to survive 45. The writer’s opinion about running away is that ________. A. parents shouldn’t divorce B. teachers should solve the problems kids have at school C. kids should get some training about how to survive D. running away isn’t a solution 2023年 If we were asked what we were doing a year ago, we should probably have to say that we could not remember. But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day, we should be able to give an answer to the question. It is the same in history. Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4000 years ago because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa because they had not learned to write. Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. They have heard about it from older people, and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings, and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call “remembered history ”. Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is, because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful. 46. Which of the following ideas is NOT suggested in the passage ? A. “Remembered history”, compared with written history, is less reliable. B. Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history. C. A written account of our daily activities helps us to be able to answer many questions. D. Where there are no written records, there is no history. 47. We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because ________. A. there was nothing worth being written down at that time B. the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record C. the people there did not know how to write D. the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire 48. “Remembered history” refers to ________. A. history based on a person’s imagination B. stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth C. songs and dances about the most important events D. both B and C 49. “Remembered history” is regarded as valuable only when ________. A. it is written down B. no written account is available C. it proves to be true D. people are interested in it 50. The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had ________. A. kept a written record of every past event B. not burned their written records in wars C. told exact stories of the most important happenings D. made more songs and dances 2021年 Peter King, 15, Mary King, 13, went to see a doctor. Peter had a bad cold, so the doctor gave him some pills to take. Mary had a bad cough, so the dootor gave her some medicine. These are the words on the bottle of medicine Cough Medicine Shake well before use. Take three times daily after meals. Dose: adults 2 teaspoonfuls children 8-14 1 teaspoonful children 4-7 1/2 teaspoonful Not suitable for children below the age of 4. Store in a cold place. Use before October 2022. 41. Mary should take ________ in a day. A. 2 teaspoonfuls B. 3 teaspoonfuls C. 4 teaspoonfuls D. 1 teaspoonful 42. The medicine should be kept in ________. A. a refrigerator B. hot water C. any place D. not cold nor hot places 43. Mary should ________ before she takes some. A. shake the medicine well B. eat her meals C. do some exercise D. drink something 44. People aged ________ cannot take the medicine. A. 80 B. 15 C. 5 D. 3 45. Mary or her mother should ________ the medicine left after October, 2022. A. throw away B. take two times C. stop to take D. take 3 times more We all know the danger of fires. It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions. Put a smoke alarm (火警) in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once. Make escape (逃脱) plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire , everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily. Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them. Practice for a fire. We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules : ★ Don’t open a hot door ! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door : ★ Stay close to the floor ! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. ★ What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn ? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll ! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket (毯子) around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you. There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help. 46. When a smoke alarm rings at home, it means ________. A. you have to get up B. water is running to the floor C. something is burning D. someone breaks your window 47. The writer advises us to do the following to prepare for a fire EXCEPT that ________. A. we practice for a fire B. we make escape plans C. we buy fire extinguishers D. we use electrical cookers 48. When a fire happens, ________ if you open the hot door. A. the door will soon be on fire B. the electricity will be cut off C. the fire will grow more quickly D. the house will fall down 49. What are the right steps you should take when your hair or clothes catch fire? A. Stop, run, roll. B. Stop, drop, roll. C. Run, drop, roll. D. Roll, drop, stop. 50. What is the BEST title for this passsage? A. Be Ready for a Fire. B. The Causes of a Fire. C. Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher. D. The Dangers of a Fire. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $