专题01 单项选择（动词词义辨析及动词短语） - 【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题01 单项选择（动词词义辨析及动词短语） 1.掌握考纲内的动词和动词短语，包括其中文意思和时态变换形式； 2.辨析相似的动词和动词短语的不同意思，并掌握其正确用法； 3.结合具体语境和关键词，用类比的方法推断词义。 2025年 1. I try to ________ but can’t ________ anything. A. listen ; listen B. listen ; hear C. hear ; listen D. hear ; hear 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我集中精力倾听，但却什么也听不到。listen 强调“听”的动作，是不及物动词；hear 强调“听到”的结果，是及物动词。前空表动作用listen(尽力听)，后空表结果用hear(没听到)。故选B。 2. He went back home to ________ his father’s birthday last week. A. celebrate B. wish C. respect D. spend 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周他回家庆祝了他父亲的生日。A. celebrate庆祝；B. wish祝愿；C. respect尊重；D. spend度过。根据语境“He went back home to ... his father’s birthday last week”可知，应是为父亲庆祝生日。故选A。 3. I have a lot of clothes to wash. Would you please ________ me a hand? A. show B. borrow C. take D. lend 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我有很多衣服要洗。你能帮我一下吗？A. show展示；B. borrow进入；C. take携带；D. lend借出。根据句意可知，此处表示需要帮忙，固定搭配lend sb. a hand表示“帮某人一把”，等同于help sb.。故选D。 4. We shouldn’t ________ our parents if they cant afford fashionable clothes for us. A. benefit B. announce C. blame D. advertise 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：如果父母买不起时尚的衣服，我们不应该责怪他们。A. benefit受益；B. announce宣布；C. blame责备；D. advertise做广告。根据句意可知，父母买不起时尚衣服时，我们不该责备他们，blame符合语境。故选C。 5. She has decided to become a nurse and ________ the sick in the hospital. A. care for B. look for C. thank for D. apply for 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她决定成为一名护士，在医院照顾病人。A.care for照顾；B. look for寻找；C. thank for (错误搭配)；D. apply for申请。根据“the sick in the hospital”可知，是在医院“照顾”病人，符合护士职业内容。故选A。 6. Dad, how can I ________ well with my classmates? A. settle on B. get on C. rely on D. keep on 【答案】B 【详解】查动词短语辨析。句意：爸爸，我怎样才能和同学们相处得好呢？A. settle on选定；B. get on (with)相处；C. rely on依靠；D. keep on继续。根据下文“well with my classmates”可知，此处询问如何与同学建立良好关系，B选项符合语境，且“get on well with sb.”为固定搭配，意为“与某人相处得好”。故选B。 7. When they have something new or expensive , some young people like to ________. A. get off B. set off C. show off D. take off 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：当有新的或昂贵的东西时，一些年轻人喜欢炫耀。A. get off下车、离开；B. set off出发、引爆；C. show off炫耀；D. take off起飞、脱下。根据“When they have something new or expensive ”这一语境可知，对应的行为应是“炫耀”，“show off”符合语义。故选C。 8. Smoking is not ________ in workplaces in China. A. attracted B. appeared C. attacked D. allowed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国的工作场所吸烟是不被允许的。A. attracted吸引；B. appeared出现；C. attacked攻击；D. allowed允许。根据语境“工作场所与吸烟”的关系，结合常识可知，工作场所通常“不允许”吸烟，“be allowed”表示“被允许”，符合语义。故用allowed。故选D。 9. We ________TV after dinner, but we don’t now. A. used to watching B. used to watch C. are used to watching D. are used to watch 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们过去晚饭后会看电视，但现在不再这样做了。used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”；be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”。根据but we don’t now 可知，是过去的习惯，用used to watch，故选B。 2024年 1. Many African children from hunger . A . result B . start C . benefit D . suffer 答案：D 解析：“suffer from”是固定短语，意为“遭受……之苦”，这里说许多非洲儿童遭受饥饿之苦，所以选D。 2. The dress looks nice . How much does it ？ A . spend B . cost C . sell D . take 答案：B 解析：spend的主语是人，cost的主语是物，sell意为“卖”，take表示“花费”时，常用it作形式主语，这里主语是“it”指代“The dress”，所以用cost。 3. I will never learning English . I shall continue to work hard on it . A . hang up B . give up C . set off D . set up 答案：B 解析：“give up”意为“放弃”，“hang up”意为“挂断电话；悬挂”，“set off”意为“出发；动身”，“set up”意为“建立”，根据“I shall continue to work hard on it”可知是不会放弃学习英语，所以选B。 4. We can ' t to travel to France this summer . A . apologize B . appoint C . admire D . afford 答案：D 解析：“afford to do sth.”意为“有能力做某事；负担得起做某事”，这里是说今年夏天我们负担不起去法国旅行的费用，所以选D。 5. Unhealthy life styles will health problems . A . agree with B . come out C . lead to D . result to 答案：C 解析： “agree with”意为“同意；与……一致”；“come out”意为“出版；出现”；“lead to”意为“导致”； “result to”搭配错误，“result in”表示“导致”，“result from”表示“由……引起”。 句意为“不健康的生活方式会导致健康问题”，所以选C。 6. It is wrong to lies . A . say B . speak C . tell D . talk 答案：C 解析： “tell lies”是固定短语，意为“说谎”。“say”强调说的内容；“speak”强调说的动作，常接语言；“talk”意为“交谈”。所以选C。 7. To nature is to help ourselves , or we ' ll be punished A . pollute B . solve C . damage D . protect 答案：D 解析：“pollute”意为“污染”；“solve”意为“解决”； “damage”意为“损坏”；“protect”意为“保护”。句意为“保护自然就是帮助我们自己，否则我们会受到惩罚”，所以选D。 8. It ' s hot in here . I want to my coat . A . agree on B . put on C . take off D . get off 答案：C 解析：“agree on”意为“就……达成一致”； “put on”意为“穿上”；“take off”意为“脱下；起飞”； “get off”意为“下车”。 句意为“这里很热。我想脱下我的外套”，所以选C。 2023年 1. I need to move the table into the room. Will you ________ me a hand ? A. get B. set C. lend D. borrow 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我需要把这桌子搬进那个房间。你能帮我个忙吗？A. get得到；B. set设置；C. lend借出；D. borrow借进。根据句意，要表达“帮某人一个忙”，需用结构“lend sb. a hand ”。故选C项。 2. Your father will drive to ________ at the school gate after school. A. get you up B. take you up C. make you up D. pick you up 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：你爸爸放学后会开车到学校门口接你。A. get you up让你起来；B. take you up带你上楼；C. make you up给你化妆；D. pick you up接你。根据“drive to”可知，此处指开车去接你。故选D。 3. Her family was too poor to ________ her training. A. afford B. pay C. cost D. spend 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词。句意：她家太穷，负担不起她的训练费用。A. afford负担得起；B. pay支付（pay for sth.付款）；C. cost花费（主语是物）；D. spend花费。根据“her training”可知，此处是指负担训练费用，用afford。故选A。 4. The boy couldn’t wait to ________ his new phone to his friends. A. get off B. take off C. give off D. show off 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：这个男孩迫不及待地向他的朋友们炫耀他的新手机。A. get off下车；B. take off脱下；C. give off发出；D. show off炫耀。根据“his new phone to his friends”可知，此处指男孩向朋友炫耀新手机。故选D。 5. We shouldn’t ________ upon the poor. A. look down B. look up C. look in D. look at 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不应该看不起穷人。A. look down看不起；B. look up查找；C. look in快速瞥一眼；D. look at看。根据句意可知，是不应该看不起穷人。故选A。 6. Most cases of obesity (肥胖)________ unhealthy lifestyles. A. due to B. thanks to C. result in D. result from 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：大多数肥胖病例是由不健康的生活方式造成的。A. due to由于（介词短语）；B. thanks to多亏、幸亏（介词短语）；C. result in导致（动词短语）；D. result from起因于（动词短语）。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子谓语动词部分；根据空格前后的意思可知，肥胖是起因于不健康的生活方式。故选D。 7. After the earthquake, rows of tents were ________ for the people to live in. A. set about B. set in C. set up D. set down 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：地震之后，一排排的帐篷搭建起来供人们居住。A. set about着手；B. set in产生；C. set up搭起；D. set down放下。根据主语tents可知，此处表示搭起帐篷，用set up。故选C。 2022年 1.We working with you . A . are happy to B . are eager to C . used to D . look forward to 答案：D. 解析：look forward to + V-ing 表示 “期待做某事”，符合题意。 A（are happy to + 动词原形）、B（are eager to + 动词原形）后需接动词原形；C（used to + 动词原形）表示 “过去常常”，均不匹配。 2.We had to the plan because it was a terrible one . A . throw up B . give up C . turn up D . make up 答案：B. give up 解析：give up 表示 “放弃”，符合语境（因计划糟糕而放弃）。 throw up（呕吐）、turn up（出现）、make up（编造）均不符合题意。 3. Last month we in the English Speech Contest . A . hang up B . took part C . made fun D . set off 答案：B. took part 解析：take part in 表示 “参加活动”，last month 提示用一般过去时（took part）。 hang up（挂断电话）、make fun of（取笑）、set off（出发）均不符合题意。 4.The boy his father not to tell a lie any more . A . answered B . argued C . apologized D . promised 答案：D. promised 解析：promise sb. to do sth. 表示 “承诺某人做某事”，符合语境（男孩承诺父亲不再撒谎）。answer（回答）、argue（争论）、apologize（道歉）后均不接 sb. to do sth.。 5.At last, she , but she didn ' t remember what had happened . A . came to herself B . got to herself C . talked to herself D . took to herself 答案：A 解析：“come to oneself” 是固定短语，意为 “苏醒过来；恢复知觉”。根据后面 “but she didn't remember what had happened” 可知她是苏醒过来了，其他选项 “get to oneself”“talk to oneself”“take to oneself” 均无此含义，所以选 A。 6.Can you help me my shirt ? I left it in your classroom . A . look for B . look into C . look at D . look after 答案：A 解析：“look for” 意为 “寻找”，根据 “I left it in your classroom” 可知是要帮忙找衬衫。“look into” 意为 “调查”；“look at” 意为 “看”；“look after” 意为 “照顾”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。 7. It me two months to write the story . A . spent B . took C . paid D . used 答案：B 解析：“It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 是固定句型，意为 “做某事花费某人多长时间”，这里是一般过去时，所以用 took。spend 的主语是人，常用结构是 “sb. spend time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth.”；pay 的主语是人，常与 for 搭配；use 不符合该句型，所以选 B。 2021年 1. Mr. Brown, together with his friends, ________ arrived. A. are B. has C. is D. have 【答案】B 【详解】考查助动词辨析。句意：布朗先生和他的朋友们已经到达了。分子句子可知，此处时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，“together with”连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的名词保持一致，“Mr. Brown”是第三人称单数，所以用“has”，“arrive”的过去分词是“arrived”，意为“已经到达”。故选B。 2. Life ________ different kinds of opportunities and challenges. A. are full of B. is full of C. be full of D. is full with 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语搭配和主谓一致。句意：生活充满了各种各样的机遇和挑战。分析句子结构及选项可知，此句考查动词短语搭配“be full of”意为“充满”，主语是life，不可数名词，表示单数意义，所以be动词用is。故选B。 3. After class , we often ________ the activity of speaking English. A. take part for B. take part in C. take part of D. take part 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：课后，我们经常参加英语口语活动。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，其后为“the activity of speaking English”是宾语，此处需要一个能接宾语且表示“参加”意思的短语，“take part in”是固定搭配，意为“参加”，符合语境。故选B。 4. My mother ________ because I didn’t finish my homework on time. A. lose her temper B. lose temper C. lost her temper D. losing temper 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语和一般过去时。句意：我妈妈发脾气了因为我没有按时完成作业。根据“because I didn’t finish my homework on time”可知是一般过去时；“lose one’s temper”意为“发脾气”，因此用“lost her temper”。故选C。 5. Your carelessness will ________ serious result. A. lead to B. led to C. result to D. lead in 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短词。句意：你的粗心大意将会导致严重的后果。A. lead to导致；B. led to导致，过去式；C. result to无此表达；D. lead in引入。根据句意可知，此处意为“导致了严重的后果”，且will后接动词原形。故选A。 6. We have ________. A. no choice but give up B. no choice but giving up C. no choice but to give up D. no choice but to giving up 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词短语搭配。句意：我们别无选择，只能放弃。分析句子结构及选项可知，句中含有动词短语搭配“have no choice but to do sth.”意为“除了做某事别无选择”。这里“but”后接动词不定式to give up作宾语。故选C。 7. He ________ in the country now. A. is used to live B. is used to living C. used to living D. used to live 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他现在习惯于生活在乡下。“be used to do”意为“被用来做某事”“be used to doing sth.”意为“习惯于做某事”，“used to do sth”意为“过去常常做某事”，根据“now”可知，“习惯做某事”符合语境。故选B。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【黑龙江省春季高考】五年（2021-2025）英语真题分类汇编 专题01 单项选择（动词词义辨析及动词短语） 1.掌握考纲内的动词和动词短语，包括其中文意思和时态变换形式； 2.辨析相似的动词和动词短语的不同意思，并掌握其正确用法； 3.结合具体语境和关键词，用类比的方法推断词义。 2025年 1. I try to ________ but can’t ________ anything. A. listen ; listen B. listen ; hear C. hear ; listen D. hear ; hear 2. He went back home to ________ his father’s birthday last week. A. celebrate B. wish C. respect D. spend 3. I have a lot of clothes to wash. Would you please ________ me a hand? A. show B. borrow C. take D. lend 4. We shouldn’t ________ our parents if they cant afford fashionable clothes for us. A. benefit B. announce C. blame D. advertise 5. She has decided to become a nurse and ________ the sick in the hospital. A. care for B. look for C. thank for D. apply for 6. Dad, how can I ________ well with my classmates? A. settle on B. get on C. rely on D. keep on 7. When they have something new or expensive , some young people like to ________. A. get off B. set off C. show off D. take off 8. Smoking is not ________ in workplaces in China. A. attracted B. appeared C. attacked D. allowed 9. We ________TV after dinner, but we don’t now. A. used to watching B. used to watch C. are used to watching D. are used to watch 2024年 1. Many African children from hunger . A . result B . start C . benefit D . suffer 2. The dress looks nice . How much does it ？ A . spend B . cost C . sell D . take 3. I will never learning English . I shall continue to work hard on it . A . hang up B . give up C . set off D . set up 4. We can ' t to travel to France this summer . A . apologize B . appoint C . admire D . afford 5. Unhealthy life styles will health problems . A . agree with B . come out C . lead to D . result to 6. It is wrong to lies . A . say B . speak C . tell D . talk 7. To nature is to help ourselves , or we ' ll be punished A . pollute B . solve C . damage D . protect 8. It ' s hot in here . I want to my coat . A . agree on B . put on C . take off D . get off 2023年 1. I need to move the table into the room. Will you ________ me a hand ? A. get B. set C. lend D. borrow 2. Your father will drive to ________ at the school gate after school. A. get you up B. take you up C. make you up D. pick you up 3. Her family was too poor to ________ her training. A. afford B. pay C. cost D. spend 4. The boy couldn’t wait to ________ his new phone to his friends. A. get off B. take off C. give off D. show off 5. We shouldn’t ________ upon the poor. A. look down B. look up C. look in D. look at 6. Most cases of obesity (肥胖)________ unhealthy lifestyles. A. due to B. thanks to C. result in D. result from 7. After the earthquake, rows of tents were ________ for the people to live in. A. set about B. set in C. set up D. set down 2022年 1.We working with you . A . are happy to B . are eager to C . used to D . look forward to 2.We had to the plan because it was a terrible one . A . throw up B . give up C . turn up D . make up 3. Last month we in the English Speech Contest . A . hang up B . took part C . made fun D . set off 4.The boy his father not to tell a lie any more . A . answered B . argued C . apologized D . promised 5.At last, she , but she didn ' t remember what had happened . A . came to herself B . got to herself C . talked to herself D . took to herself 6.Can you help me my shirt ? I left it in your classroom . A . look for B . look into C . look at D . look after 7. It me two months to write the story . A . spent B . took C . paid D . used 2021年 1. Mr. Brown, together with his friends, ________ arrived. A. are B. has C. is D. have 2. Life ________ different kinds of opportunities and challenges. A. are full of B. is full of C. be full of D. is full with 3. After class , we often ________ the activity of speaking English. A. take part for B. take part in C. take part of D. take part 4. My mother ________ because I didn’t finish my homework on time. A. lose her temper B. lose temper C. lost her temper D. losing temper 5. Your carelessness will ________ serious result. A. lead to B. led to C. result to D. lead in 6. We have ________. A. no choice but give up B. no choice but giving up C. no choice but to give up D. no choice but to giving up 7. He ________ in the country now. A. is used to live B. is used to living C. used to living D. used to live ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $