Unit 3 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading（分层作业）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 3 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1． 钦佩；赞赏 2． 辨别出；承认；认可 3． 安排；筹备 4． 联络；联系；接触 5． 评论；发表意见 6． 责任；义务 7．exchange 8．anxious 9．impression 10．recommend 二、选词填空 bring up      block out      be surrounded by      not in the slightest ahead of      masses of      a minority of      star in 1．We completed the work five days time. 2．Only the class voted for the plan. 3．The city mountains on all sides. 4．I am not interested in invading your privacy, . 5．The noise from the car the sound of our voice. 6．We’d been to think that borrowing money was bad. 7．The harbour was blocked in by floating ice. 8．Who is to the movie has not been decided yet. 三、完成句子 1．很明显，他为这次考试做好准备。 , he prepared well for his exam. 2．A committee to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. 委员会成立了，旨在减少对埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物的损失 3．我希望你要么退还我的钱，要么寄新的给我。（either... or... 句式） I hope that you to me. 4．非现金支付降低了丢钱的风险，而且我们在购物时不用现金可能会觉得更安全。(be likely to do sth.) Non-cash payment reduces the risk of losing money, and we when going shopping. 5．she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, over 50,000babies in her lifetime. 她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。 四、单句语法填空 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。 1．She spent a whole afternoon preparing a practical (arrange) for the group study.() 2．Born in a family that values traditional virtues, Vivian (bring) up to respect the elderly and care for the young since childhood. 3．Students have free access the school library. 4．Some people (remove) from the area, including this woman, which caused many people jobless。 5．As we walked along the ancient path and passed the old wall, the guide stopped (comment) on the ancient stone, explaining its history in detail. 6．If your T-shirt is ready, we (deliver) it to you as soon as possible. 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 John Allen, an American scientist once said, “ The Internet is the world’s 1 (large) library, but all the books in it are on the floor!” What he meant 2 (be) that the Internet is full of information but it can be difficult to find 3 you really need. The Internet has another 4 (advantage). Anyone can create a website, so you can find websites about whatever you can imagine. Unfortunately, a lot of what is 5 (write) on them isn’t always true! At the same time, the Internet provides many other things. On some websites, you can download music and films. They are usually very cheap and some are even free. On some other websites, you can connect with people 6 all over the world. And there are some great online shops, too. For example, on e-Bay, people buy used clothes, CDs and even cars at very low prices. It is true that the Internet 7 (change) the way we work and communicate so far. But we shouldn’t depend on 8 too much. Some people are also afraid that 9 (surf) the Internet has taken the place of other healthier activities, 10 (especial) for young people. Whether you love it or hate it, though, you’d better get used to it because it’s right here to stay. 六、阅读理解 （一） The Talk: “The Evolution of Morality” Professor Stephen Stich’s Talk on “The Evolution of Morality” The Department of Philosophy, the Institute of Foreign Philosophy, and the Center for the Studies of Analytic Philosophy at Peking University invite Professor Stephen Stich (Rutgers University, USA) to visit Peking University on March 29th, 2024. Professor Stephen Stich kindly accepts the invitation and will deliver a talk on the evolution of morality from 10:00 to 12:00 on March 29th, 2024 in Room 109 of the No. 3 Yard of Lee Shau Kee Humanities Buildings. The Abstract for the Talk: The theory of moral psychology proposed by Sripada & Stich, and many other theories in which social learning plays a major role, suggests that people will often internalize standards that reduce their own biological fitness. It might be thought that no such psychological mechanism could possibly evolve. But that would be a mistake. In this talk, I’ll explain why it was all but unavoidable that natural selection would lead to moral psychology in our species, once we had acquired the ability to learn from one another. The account I’ll offer explains why many moral regulations improve cooperative or pro-social behavior. It also explains why many human regulations lead to ethnic hatred and morally unacceptable behavior. If the account is correct, these standards will be very difficult to overturn, and powerful cultural differences in standards are likely to be widespread. * Chandra Sripada & Stephen Stich, “A Framework for the Psychology of Norms,” in P. Carruthers, S. Laurence & S. Stich, eds., The Innate Mind: Culture and Cognition. (New York: Oxford University Press), 2006. pp. 280-301. 1．What will happen at Peking University according to the text? A．Lee Shau Kee will give lectures. B．A foreign expert will visit. C．An international conference will be held. D．Sripada and Stich will conduct a book fare. 2．Whom does “I” in the text refer to? A．S. Laurence B．P. Carruthers C．Stephen Stich D．Chandra Sripada 3．What is the text? A．A book review B．A research abstract C．A sales advertisement D．An academic notice （二） Many large grocery stores across California line their checkout aisles (过道) with unhealthy products — candy, chips and mini-fridges stocked with soda — many of them at eye level for youngsters. Two California cities have had enough of the junk food marketing strategy. The Perris City Council passed a law requiring healthy checkout options in local grocery store aisles. The rule applies only to grocery stores with a floor area of 2,500 square feet or larger, and it doesn’t prohibit grocers from stocking junk food elsewhere in their stores. Perris is the second city to approve such a law. Berkeley had a similar law previously. In both cities, the laws were passed by their respective city councils. Perris City Manager Clara Miramontes said she was excited about seeing healthier food options in checkout aisles. “We are committed to the long-term health and wellness of residents and look forward to successful results,” she said in a news release announcing the law. The initiative to get Perris on a healthier track was encouraged by the Boys & Girls Clubs of Inland Valley and the California advocacy group Public Health Advocates. Julia Burch, assistant director of development for the Boys & Girls Clubs of Inland Valley, praised the effort. “As a youth-serving organization, we are excited to see healthier options at the checkouts to help create a brighter and healthier future in Perris for our youth,” she said in the city’s news release. It’s not just the youth who might benefit from the Perris ordinance. According to health officials at SHAPE Riverside County, 38.2 percent of adults in Perris were considered obese. Perris Mayor Michael Vargas championed the city’s policy. “This program will help our residents maintain a healthy lifestyle by giving them alternatives to traditional snack foods,” Vargas said in the news release, “Our council is committed to providing our residents with healthy snack options that benefit all generations of consumers”. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To advocate a sales technique. B．To criticize a social issue in California. C．To explain the disadvantages of certain products. D．To highlight a marketing strategy of grocery stores. 2．What factor limits the application of the grocery store rule? A．The diversity of food. B．The size of the store. C．The location of the store. D．The differences of consumer groups. 3．What sets off the healthier checkout choice in Perris? A．Residents’ demands. B．The mayor’s personal experiences. C．Grocery store owners’ initiatives. D．Encouragement from advocacy groups. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Reducing Obesity Rates through Healthier Food Choices B．Exploring the Influence of Marketing Strategies on Food C．Removing Junk Food from Grocery Store Checkout Aisles D．Promoting Healthy Food Initiatives in Grocery Stores 七、七选五阅读 Forget privacy, young internet of users want to be tracked On every smartphone there sits a tracker’s paradise of location data ready to be shared. Location tracking is so precise that it can locate one person in a crowd. 1 What is an acceptable level of online surveillance (监视)? I had assumed, we all agreed that the ideal was none. 2 A quick enquiry on my friends found that those who were, like me, in their 40s and older either had no idea they could use their phone in this way or had relatively little interest in doing so. But friends a decade or so younger all seem to be tracking one another at will. They don’t find the idea of monitoring or being monitored in this way upsetting. They say it makes them feel safer. 3 It is just that they are realistic about the privacy that is available. They know that if you own a smartphone and don’t want to disable useful things like maps, then your location is already being watched. If app creators, smartphone makers and ad companies are already tracking your location; then why not share the information with people you know? If you want to start tracking the people you know, then there are some rules involved. It’s fine to use tracking to check that a friend has got home safely at the end of a night out, for example, but not to surprise them on the street. And think carefully about whom you share data with. 4 Location tracking as a safety measure, particularly for elderly parents and children, is appealing. 5 Once you grow comfortable sharing your location with your family and friends, perhaps one day you’ll be happy to share it with your employer or even government agencies. A．It is for family and close friends only, not new dates. B．But the truth is how popular it is depends on your age. C．Location sharing has been around for more than a decade. D．The risk is that if you do it too often, it will be hard to turn around. E．After all, no one will find it comfortable to be watched all the time. F．This is not because they are blind to the importance of online privacy. G．And this tech is marketed as convenient, not frightening. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading分层练习 参考答案 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．admire 2．recognise 3．arrange 4．contact 5．comment 6．responsibility 7．交换，互换 8． 焦虑的，担心的 9．印象 10．推荐 二、选词填空 1．ahead of 2．a minority of 3．is surrounded by 4．not in the slightest 5．blocked out 6．brought up 7．masses of 8．star in 三、完成句子 1．Obviously 2．was established 3．either return my money or deliver new ones 4．are likely to feel safer without cash 5．having delivered 四、单句语法填空 1．arrangement 2．has been brought 3．to 4．were removed 5．to comment 6．will deliver 五、语法填空 1．largest 2．is 3．what 4．disadvantage 5．written 6．from 7．has changed 8．it 9．surfing 10．especially 六、阅读理解 （一） 1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则讲座通知，包括讲座的时间、地点、主讲人介绍和内容简介等方面的信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Department of Philosophy, the Institute of Foreign Philosophy, and the Center for the Studies of Analytic Philosophy at Peking University invite Professor Stephen Stich (Rutgers University, USA) to visit Peking University on March 29th, 2024. (北京大学哲学系、外国哲学研究所、分析哲学研究中心将于2024年3月29日邀请来自美国罗格斯大学的Stephen Stich教授访问北京大学。)”可知，一位外国专家Stephen Stich教授将来北京大学。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据标题“Professor Stephen Stich’s Talk on “The Evolution of Morality”（Stephen Stich教授谈“道德的演变”）”和The Abstract for the Talk:(演讲摘要)中“In this talk, I’ll explain why it was all but unavoidable that natural selection would lead to moral psychology in our species, once we had acquired the ability to learn from one another.(在这次演讲中，我将解释为什么一旦我们获得了相互学习的能力，自然选择就会导致我们物种的道德心理，这几乎是不可避免的。)”可知，文章演讲摘要中的“I”指的是Stephen Stich教授。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，根据标题Professor Stephen Stich’s Talk on “The Evolution of Morality”(Stephen Stich谈“道德的演变”)和第一段中“The Department of Philosophy, the Institute of Foreign Philosophy, and the Center for the Studies of Analytic Philosophy at Peking University invite Professor Stephen Stich (Rutgers University, USA) to visit Peking University on March 29th, 2024. (北京大学哲学系、外国哲学研究所、分析哲学研究中心将于2024年3月29日邀请来自美国罗格斯大学的Stephen Stich教授访问北京大学。)”可知，本文是一则通知：美国罗格斯大学Stephen Stich教授将于 2024年3月29日10:00~12:00在北京大学做关于“道德的演变”的讲座。故选D项。 （二） 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了加州佩里斯市效仿伯克利市，通过立法要求大型杂货店收银区提供健康食品选项，该政策由倡导组织推动，旨在改善居民的饮食健康，将使消费者受益。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many large grocery stores across California line their checkout aisles (过道) with unhealthy product — candy, chips and mini-fridges stocked with soda — many of them at eye level for youngsters. (加州许多大型杂货店的收银台过道上都摆满了不健康的产品——糖果、薯片和装满苏打水的小冰箱——其中许多都在青少年的视线范围内。)”和第二段中“Two California cities have had enough of the junk food marketing strategy. (加州的两个城市已经受够了垃圾食品的营销策略。)”可推知，该段通过描述杂货店利用收银区向儿童推销不健康食品的场景，突出杂货店的营销策略，引出后文的城市立法。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The rule applies only to grocery stores with a floor area of 2,500 square feet or larger, and it doesn’t prohibit grocers from stocking junk food elsewhere in their stores. (这一规定只适用于建筑面积在2500平方英尺或以上的杂货店，而且并未禁止杂货店在其门店的其他地方存放垃圾食品。)”可知，商店的规模限制该规则的适用范围。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The initiative to get Perris on a healthier track was encouraged by the Boys & Girls Clubs of Inland Valley and the California advocacy group Public Health Advocates. (让佩里斯市走上更健康轨道的倡议得到了Boys & Girls Clubs of Inland Valley和加州倡导组织Public Health Advocates的鼓励。)”可知，佩里斯市推动健康收银选择源于倡导组织的鼓励。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Two California cities have had enough of the junk food marketing strategy. The Perris City Council passed a law requiring healthy checkout options in local grocery store aisles. (加州的两个城市已经受够了垃圾食品的营销策略。佩里斯市议会通过了一项法律，要求在当地杂货店的过道上提供健康的结账选择。)”可知，文章聚焦加州佩里斯市的一项立法规定，该市效仿伯克利市，通过立法要求大型杂货店收银区提供健康食品选项，该政策由倡导组织推动，旨在改善居民的饮食健康，将使消费者受益。因此，C项“将垃圾食品从杂货店的收银通道中清除”概括了核心规定，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 七、七选五阅读 1．G 2．B 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍位置追踪技术精准且被营销为便捷，不同年龄段对其接受度不同，年轻人更易接受，同时使用该技术需遵守规则并警惕潜在风险。 1．由上文“On every smartphone there sits a tracker’s paradise of location data ready to be shared. Location tracking is so precise that it can locate one person in a crowd. (在每一部智能手机上，都有一个位置数据的追踪天堂，随时准备被分享。位置追踪非常精确，可以在人群中找到一个人)”及下文“What is an acceptable level of online surveillance (监视)? (什么是可接受的在线监视水平？)”可知，上文提到位置追踪技术，下文引出关于在线监控水平的讨论，G选项“这项技术被宣传为方便而非可怕”中的this tech指代上文提到的位置追踪技术，且该选项进一步阐述了这项技术的特点，承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 2．由上文“I had assumed, we all agreed that the ideal was none. (我曾以为，我们都认为理想的情况是没有监控)”及下文“A quick enquiry on my friends found that those who were, like me, in their 40s and older either had no idea they could use their phone in this way or had relatively little interest in doing so. But friends a decade or so younger all seem to be tracking one another at will. (我快速询问了一下我的朋友们，发现那些和我一样，40岁及以上的人要么不知道他们可以用手机这样做，要么对这样做不太感兴趣。但年轻十岁左右的朋友们似乎都在随意地追踪彼此)”可知，上文作者认为大家都认为没有监控是理想的，下文通过询问朋友发现不同年龄段的人对位置追踪的态度不同，B选项“但事实是，它的受欢迎程度取决于你的年龄”与上文形成转折关系，且引出下文关于不同年龄段对位置追踪态度的讨论，符合题意。故选B。 3．由上文“They don’t find the idea of monitoring or being monitored in this way upsetting. They say it makes them feel safer. (他们并不觉得以这种方式监控或被监控的想法令人不安。他们说这让他们感到更安全)”及下文“It is just that they are realistic about the privacy that is available. They know that if you own a smartphone and don’t want to disable useful things like maps, then your location is already being watched. (只是他们对可获得的隐私很现实。他们知道，如果你拥有一部智能手机，并且不想禁用地图等有用的东西，那么你的位置就已经被监视了)”可知，上文提到年轻人对位置追踪并不感到不安，下文解释了原因，F选项“这并不是因为他们没有意识到网络隐私的重要性”承接上文，与下文形成转折关系，进一步解释年轻人不排斥位置追踪的原因，符合语境。故选F。 4．由上文“If you want to start tracking the people you know, then there are some rules involved. It’s fine to use tracking to check that a friend has got home safely at the end of a night out, for example, but not to surprise them on the street. And think carefully about whom you share data with. (如果你想开始追踪你认识的人，那么有一些规则需要遵守。例如，用追踪来确认朋友在晚上外出后是否安全到家是可以的，但不要在街上给他们惊喜。并且要仔细考虑与谁分享数据)”可知，上文提到追踪认识的人时有一些规则，包括使用追踪的目的和分享数据的对象，A选项“这仅适用于家人和亲密朋友，不适用于新认识的人”承接上文，进一步说明分享数据的对象，符合语境。故选A。 5．由上文“Location tracking as a safety measure, particularly for elderly parents and children, is appealing. (位置追踪作为一种安全措施，特别是对年迈的父母和孩子来说，很有吸引力)”及下文“Once you grow comfortable sharing your location with your family and friends, perhaps one day you’ll be happy to share it with your employer or even government agencies. (一旦你习惯了与家人和朋友分享你的位置，也许有一天你会乐意与你的雇主甚至政府机构分享)”可知，上文提到位置追踪作为安全措施很有吸引力，下文提到一旦习惯了与家人朋友分享位置，可能会愿意与雇主或政府机构分享，D选项“风险在于，如果你这样做太频繁，就很难回头了”承上启下，说明过度分享位置可能带来的风险，符合语境。故选D。 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1． 钦佩；赞赏 2． 辨别出；承认；认可 3． 安排；筹备 4． 联络；联系；接触 5． 评论；发表意见 6． 责任；义务 7．exchange 8．anxious 9．impression 10．recommend 【答案】 1．admire 2．recognise 3．arrange 4．contact 5．comment 6．responsibility 7．交换，互换 8． 焦虑的，担心的 9．印象 10．推荐 【解析】 1．钦佩；赞赏，英文表达为“admire”。故填admire。 2．辨别出；承认；认可，英文表达为“recognise”。故填recognise。 3．安排；筹备，英文表达为“arrange”。故填arrange。 4．联络；联系；接触，英文表达为“contact”。故填contact。 5．评论；发表意见，英文表达为“comment”。故填comment。 6．责任；义务，英文表达为“responsibility”。故填responsibility。 7．exchange，中文表达为“交换，互换”。故填：交换，互换。 8．anxious，中文表达为“焦虑的，担心的”。故填：焦虑的，担心的。 9．impression，中文表达为“印象”。故填：印象。 10．recommend ，中文表达为“推荐”。故填：推荐。 二、选词填空 bring up      block out      be surrounded by      not in the slightest ahead of      masses of      a minority of      star in 1．We completed the work five days time. 2．Only the class voted for the plan. 3．The city mountains on all sides. 4．I am not interested in invading your privacy, . 5．The noise from the car the sound of our voice. 6．We’d been to think that borrowing money was bad. 7．The harbour was blocked in by floating ice. 8．Who is to the movie has not been decided yet. 【答案】1．ahead of 2．a minority of 3．is surrounded by 4．not in the slightest 5．blocked out 6．brought up 7．masses of 8．star in 【解析】 1．考查介词短语。句意：我们提前五天完成了这项工作。根据句意“提前”可知，此处为介词短语ahead of time。故填ahead of。 2．考查介词短语。句意：班里只有少数人投票支持这个计划。根据句意“少数……”可知，此处为介词短语a minority of。故填a minority of。 3．考查动词时态。句意：这座城市四周被群山环绕。根据句意“被……环绕/包围”应用动词短语be surrounded by，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is surrounded by。 4．考查介词短语。句意：我对侵犯你的隐私一点也不感兴趣。根据句意“一点也不”可知，此处为介词短语not in the slightest。故填not in the slightest。 5．考查动词短语和时态。句意：汽车的噪音把我们的声音掩盖了。根据句意“遮挡；掩盖”可知，此处为动词短语block out，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填blocked out。 6．考查动词短语和时态语态。句意：我们从小被教育认为借钱是不好的。根据句意“抚养；教育”可知，此处为动词短语bring up，we和bring up为被动关系，需用被动语态，结合“We’d been”可知，空处需填过去分词形式构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填brought up。 7．考查介词短语。句意：港口被大量的浮冰堵塞了。根据句意“大量的”可知，此处为介词短语masses of。故填masses of。 8．考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：谁将在这部电影中担任主角尚未决定。根据句意“在……中担任主角；主演”可知，此处为动词短语star in，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故填star in。 三、完成句子 1．很明显，他为这次考试做好准备。 , he prepared well for his exam. 【答案】Obviously 【详解】考查副词。表示“很明显”用副词obviously，用于修饰整个句子，作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Obviously。 2．A committee to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. 委员会成立了，旨在减少对埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物的损失 【答案】was established 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。表示“成立”可用动词establish，作谓语，和主语committee是被动关系，且陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是一个整体，为单数意义，助动词应用was。故填was established。 3．我希望你要么退还我的钱，要么寄新的给我。（either... or... 句式） I hope that you to me. 【答案】either return my money or deliver new ones 【详解】考查固定句型。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“要么退还我的钱，要么寄新的给我”，“要么……要么……”是固定句型either... or...，“退还我的钱”是return my money，“寄新的给我”是deliver new ones，根据主句谓语动词hope和句意可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为第二人称，所以return和deliver都用原形。故填either return my money or deliver new ones。 4．非现金支付降低了丢钱的风险，而且我们在购物时不用现金可能会觉得更安全。(be likely to do sth.) Non-cash payment reduces the risk of losing money, and we when going shopping. 【答案】are likely to feel safer without cash 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意及提示可知，“be likely to do sth.”意为“可能做某事”；“觉得更安全”译为feel safer；“不用现金”译为without cash，句子主语为we，时态与前半句一致，用一般现在时，所以be动词用are。故填are likely to feel safer without cash。 5．she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, over 50,000babies in her lifetime. 她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。 【答案】 having delivered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“接生”应用动词deliver，此处为非谓语动词作状语，she和deliver为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，deliver发生在was known as之前，需用现在分词的完成式。故填①having；②delivered。 四、单句语法填空 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。 1．She spent a whole afternoon preparing a practical (arrange) for the group study.() 【答案】arrangement 【详解】考查名词。句意：她花了一整个下午为小组学习做实际安排。根据空格前的a practical可知，形容词应该修饰名词，所以此处用提示词的名词形式arrangement表示“安排”。故答案为arrangement。 2．Born in a family that values traditional virtues, Vivian (bring) up to respect the elderly and care for the young since childhood. 【答案】has been brought 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：薇薇安出生在一个崇尚传统美德的家庭，从小就被教导要尊老爱幼。空处为主句谓语动词，根据since childhood可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语Vivain和bring up“养育”之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been brought。 3．Students have free access the school library. 【答案】to 【详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：学生可以自由使用学校图书馆。名词“access”表示“通道；使用权”时，需与介词“to”构成固定搭配“have access to”，意为“有权使用；可进入”。空格后的“the school library (学校图书馆)”是访问的对象，需用介词“to”引出。故填to。 4．Some people (remove) from the area, including this woman, which caused many people jobless。 【答案】were removed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：一些人，包括这位妇女，被从该地区移除，这导致许多人失业。分析句子结构可知，空格处是主句的谓语动词。主语“Some people”与动词“remove(移除)”之间是被动关系，且根据定语从句谓语动词caused用了一般过去时可知，本句描述的是发生在过去的事情，故应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+ 过去分词”。主语“Some people”为复数，be动词用were，remove的过去分词为removed。故填were removed。 5．As we walked along the ancient path and passed the old wall, the guide stopped (comment) on the ancient stone, explaining its history in detail. 【答案】to comment 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们沿着古老的小路行走并经过旧墙时，导游停下来评论那块古老的石头，详细地解释了它的历史。stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”，stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”；句中表示导游停下来去评论古老的石头，是去做另一件事情，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to comment。 6．If your T-shirt is ready, we (deliver) it to you as soon as possible. 【答案】will deliver 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果你的T恤准备好了，我们会尽快把它寄给你。本句为“If”引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则（从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时）。故填will deliver。 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 John Allen, an American scientist once said, “ The Internet is the world’s 1 (large) library, but all the books in it are on the floor!” What he meant 2 (be) that the Internet is full of information but it can be difficult to find 3 you really need. The Internet has another 4 (advantage). Anyone can create a website, so you can find websites about whatever you can imagine. Unfortunately, a lot of what is 5 (write) on them isn’t always true! At the same time, the Internet provides many other things. On some websites, you can download music and films. They are usually very cheap and some are even free. On some other websites, you can connect with people 6 all over the world. And there are some great online shops, too. For example, on e-Bay, people buy used clothes, CDs and even cars at very low prices. It is true that the Internet 7 (change) the way we work and communicate so far. But we shouldn’t depend on 8 too much. Some people are also afraid that 9 (surf) the Internet has taken the place of other healthier activities, 10 (especial) for young people. Whether you love it or hate it, though, you’d better get used to it because it’s right here to stay. 【答案】 1．largest 2．is 3．what 4．disadvantage 5．written 6．from 7．has changed 8．it 9．surfing 10．especially 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了网络的利与弊。 1．考查形容词最高级。 句意：美国科学家约翰·艾伦曾经说过：“互联网是世界上最大的图书馆，但里面所有的书都在地板上！”此处需要填入形容词的最高级形式largest，表示“最大的”，作前置定语，修饰library。故填largest。 2．考查时态、主谓一致。 句意：他所指的是互联网充满了信息，但是很难找到你真正需要的东西。根据空后的is可知，本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语为What引导的主语从句，be动词用is。故填is。 3．考查宾语从句。 句意：他所指的是互联网充满了信息，但是很难找到你真正需要的东西。find后为宾语从句，从句缺少need的宾语，且指物，用what引导。故填what。 4．考查名词。 句意：互联网还有另一个缺点。此处需要填入名词advantage的反义词disadvantage，表示“缺点”，作has的宾语。故填disadvantage。 5．考查动词语态。 句意：不幸的是，在上面写的东西并不总是真的！what与write“写”为被动关系，用过去分词，与is一起构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填written。 6．考查介词。 句意：在一些网站上，你可以和来自世界各地的人联系。此处需要填入介词from，表示“来自”。故填from。 7．考查时态、主谓一致。 句意：到目前为止，互联网确实改变了我们的工作和沟通方式。change“改变”。本空为that引导的主语从句的谓语，根据空后的so far“到目前为止”可知，从句时态用现在完成时，that引导的主语从句的主语为the Internet，助动词用has。故填has changed。 8．考查代词。 句意：但我们不应该过于依赖它。此处需要填入代词it，指代上一句中的the Internet，作shouldn’t depend on的宾语。故填it。 9．考查动名词。 句意：有些人也担心上网已经取代了其他更健康的活动，特别是对于年轻人。surf the Internet“上网，网上冲浪”。此处需要填入动词surf的动名词形式，作为that引导的宾语从句中的主语。故填surfing。 10．考查副词。 句意：有些人也担心上网已经取代了其他更健康的活动，特别是对于年轻人。此处需要填入副词especially“特别，尤其”，作状语。故填especially。 六、阅读理解 （一） The Talk: “The Evolution of Morality” Professor Stephen Stich’s Talk on “The Evolution of Morality” The Department of Philosophy, the Institute of Foreign Philosophy, and the Center for the Studies of Analytic Philosophy at Peking University invite Professor Stephen Stich (Rutgers University, USA) to visit Peking University on March 29th, 2024. Professor Stephen Stich kindly accepts the invitation and will deliver a talk on the evolution of morality from 10:00 to 12:00 on March 29th, 2024 in Room 109 of the No. 3 Yard of Lee Shau Kee Humanities Buildings. The Abstract for the Talk: The theory of moral psychology proposed by Sripada & Stich, and many other theories in which social learning plays a major role, suggests that people will often internalize standards that reduce their own biological fitness. It might be thought that no such psychological mechanism could possibly evolve. But that would be a mistake. In this talk, I’ll explain why it was all but unavoidable that natural selection would lead to moral psychology in our species, once we had acquired the ability to learn from one another. The account I’ll offer explains why many moral regulations improve cooperative or pro-social behavior. It also explains why many human regulations lead to ethnic hatred and morally unacceptable behavior. If the account is correct, these standards will be very difficult to overturn, and powerful cultural differences in standards are likely to be widespread. * Chandra Sripada & Stephen Stich, “A Framework for the Psychology of Norms,” in P. Carruthers, S. Laurence & S. Stich, eds., The Innate Mind: Culture and Cognition. (New York: Oxford University Press), 2006. pp. 280-301. 1．What will happen at Peking University according to the text? A．Lee Shau Kee will give lectures. B．A foreign expert will visit. C．An international conference will be held. D．Sripada and Stich will conduct a book fare. 2．Whom does “I” in the text refer to? A．S. Laurence B．P. Carruthers C．Stephen Stich D．Chandra Sripada 3．What is the text? A．A book review B．A research abstract C．A sales advertisement D．An academic notice 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则讲座通知，包括讲座的时间、地点、主讲人介绍和内容简介等方面的信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Department of Philosophy, the Institute of Foreign Philosophy, and the Center for the Studies of Analytic Philosophy at Peking University invite Professor Stephen Stich (Rutgers University, USA) to visit Peking University on March 29th, 2024. (北京大学哲学系、外国哲学研究所、分析哲学研究中心将于2024年3月29日邀请来自美国罗格斯大学的Stephen Stich教授访问北京大学。)”可知，一位外国专家Stephen Stich教授将来北京大学。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据标题“Professor Stephen Stich’s Talk on “The Evolution of Morality”（Stephen Stich教授谈“道德的演变”）”和The Abstract for the Talk:(演讲摘要)中“In this talk, I’ll explain why it was all but unavoidable that natural selection would lead to moral psychology in our species, once we had acquired the ability to learn from one another.(在这次演讲中，我将解释为什么一旦我们获得了相互学习的能力，自然选择就会导致我们物种的道德心理，这几乎是不可避免的。)”可知，文章演讲摘要中的“I”指的是Stephen Stich教授。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，根据标题Professor Stephen Stich’s Talk on “The Evolution of Morality”(Stephen Stich谈“道德的演变”)和第一段中“The Department of Philosophy, the Institute of Foreign Philosophy, and the Center for the Studies of Analytic Philosophy at Peking University invite Professor Stephen Stich (Rutgers University, USA) to visit Peking University on March 29th, 2024. (北京大学哲学系、外国哲学研究所、分析哲学研究中心将于2024年3月29日邀请来自美国罗格斯大学的Stephen Stich教授访问北京大学。)”可知，本文是一则通知：美国罗格斯大学Stephen Stich教授将于 2024年3月29日10:00~12:00在北京大学做关于“道德的演变”的讲座。故选D项。 （二） Many large grocery stores across California line their checkout aisles (过道) with unhealthy products — candy, chips and mini-fridges stocked with soda — many of them at eye level for youngsters. Two California cities have had enough of the junk food marketing strategy. The Perris City Council passed a law requiring healthy checkout options in local grocery store aisles. The rule applies only to grocery stores with a floor area of 2,500 square feet or larger, and it doesn’t prohibit grocers from stocking junk food elsewhere in their stores. Perris is the second city to approve such a law. Berkeley had a similar law previously. In both cities, the laws were passed by their respective city councils. Perris City Manager Clara Miramontes said she was excited about seeing healthier food options in checkout aisles. “We are committed to the long-term health and wellness of residents and look forward to successful results,” she said in a news release announcing the law. The initiative to get Perris on a healthier track was encouraged by the Boys & Girls Clubs of Inland Valley and the California advocacy group Public Health Advocates. Julia Burch, assistant director of development for the Boys & Girls Clubs of Inland Valley, praised the effort. “As a youth-serving organization, we are excited to see healthier options at the checkouts to help create a brighter and healthier future in Perris for our youth,” she said in the city’s news release. It’s not just the youth who might benefit from the Perris ordinance. According to health officials at SHAPE Riverside County, 38.2 percent of adults in Perris were considered obese. Perris Mayor Michael Vargas championed the city’s policy. “This program will help our residents maintain a healthy lifestyle by giving them alternatives to traditional snack foods,” Vargas said in the news release, “Our council is committed to providing our residents with healthy snack options that benefit all generations of consumers”. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To advocate a sales technique. B．To criticize a social issue in California. C．To explain the disadvantages of certain products. D．To highlight a marketing strategy of grocery stores. 2．What factor limits the application of the grocery store rule? A．The diversity of food. B．The size of the store. C．The location of the store. D．The differences of consumer groups. 3．What sets off the healthier checkout choice in Perris? A．Residents’ demands. B．The mayor’s personal experiences. C．Grocery store owners’ initiatives. D．Encouragement from advocacy groups. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Reducing Obesity Rates through Healthier Food Choices B．Exploring the Influence of Marketing Strategies on Food C．Removing Junk Food from Grocery Store Checkout Aisles D．Promoting Healthy Food Initiatives in Grocery Stores 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了加州佩里斯市效仿伯克利市，通过立法要求大型杂货店收银区提供健康食品选项，该政策由倡导组织推动，旨在改善居民的饮食健康，将使消费者受益。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many large grocery stores across California line their checkout aisles (过道) with unhealthy product — candy, chips and mini-fridges stocked with soda — many of them at eye level for youngsters. (加州许多大型杂货店的收银台过道上都摆满了不健康的产品——糖果、薯片和装满苏打水的小冰箱——其中许多都在青少年的视线范围内。)”和第二段中“Two California cities have had enough of the junk food marketing strategy. (加州的两个城市已经受够了垃圾食品的营销策略。)”可推知，该段通过描述杂货店利用收银区向儿童推销不健康食品的场景，突出杂货店的营销策略，引出后文的城市立法。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The rule applies only to grocery stores with a floor area of 2,500 square feet or larger, and it doesn’t prohibit grocers from stocking junk food elsewhere in their stores. (这一规定只适用于建筑面积在2500平方英尺或以上的杂货店，而且并未禁止杂货店在其门店的其他地方存放垃圾食品。)”可知，商店的规模限制该规则的适用范围。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The initiative to get Perris on a healthier track was encouraged by the Boys & Girls Clubs of Inland Valley and the California advocacy group Public Health Advocates. (让佩里斯市走上更健康轨道的倡议得到了Boys & Girls Clubs of Inland Valley和加州倡导组织Public Health Advocates的鼓励。)”可知，佩里斯市推动健康收银选择源于倡导组织的鼓励。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Two California cities have had enough of the junk food marketing strategy. The Perris City Council passed a law requiring healthy checkout options in local grocery store aisles. (加州的两个城市已经受够了垃圾食品的营销策略。佩里斯市议会通过了一项法律，要求在当地杂货店的过道上提供健康的结账选择。)”可知，文章聚焦加州佩里斯市的一项立法规定，该市效仿伯克利市，通过立法要求大型杂货店收银区提供健康食品选项，该政策由倡导组织推动，旨在改善居民的饮食健康，将使消费者受益。因此，C项“将垃圾食品从杂货店的收银通道中清除”概括了核心规定，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 七、七选五阅读 Forget privacy, young internet of users want to be tracked On every smartphone there sits a tracker’s paradise of location data ready to be shared. Location tracking is so precise that it can locate one person in a crowd. 1 What is an acceptable level of online surveillance (监视)? I had assumed, we all agreed that the ideal was none. 2 A quick enquiry on my friends found that those who were, like me, in their 40s and older either had no idea they could use their phone in this way or had relatively little interest in doing so. But friends a decade or so younger all seem to be tracking one another at will. They don’t find the idea of monitoring or being monitored in this way upsetting. They say it makes them feel safer. 3 It is just that they are realistic about the privacy that is available. They know that if you own a smartphone and don’t want to disable useful things like maps, then your location is already being watched. If app creators, smartphone makers and ad companies are already tracking your location; then why not share the information with people you know? If you want to start tracking the people you know, then there are some rules involved. It’s fine to use tracking to check that a friend has got home safely at the end of a night out, for example, but not to surprise them on the street. And think carefully about whom you share data with. 4 Location tracking as a safety measure, particularly for elderly parents and children, is appealing. 5 Once you grow comfortable sharing your location with your family and friends, perhaps one day you’ll be happy to share it with your employer or even government agencies. A．It is for family and close friends only, not new dates. B．But the truth is how popular it is depends on your age. C．Location sharing has been around for more than a decade. D．The risk is that if you do it too often, it will be hard to turn around. E．After all, no one will find it comfortable to be watched all the time. F．This is not because they are blind to the importance of online privacy. G．And this tech is marketed as convenient, not frightening. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍位置追踪技术精准且被营销为便捷，不同年龄段对其接受度不同，年轻人更易接受，同时使用该技术需遵守规则并警惕潜在风险。 1．由上文“On every smartphone there sits a tracker’s paradise of location data ready to be shared. Location tracking is so precise that it can locate one person in a crowd. (在每一部智能手机上，都有一个位置数据的追踪天堂，随时准备被分享。位置追踪非常精确，可以在人群中找到一个人)”及下文“What is an acceptable level of online surveillance (监视)? (什么是可接受的在线监视水平？)”可知，上文提到位置追踪技术，下文引出关于在线监控水平的讨论，G选项“这项技术被宣传为方便而非可怕”中的this tech指代上文提到的位置追踪技术，且该选项进一步阐述了这项技术的特点，承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 2．由上文“I had assumed, we all agreed that the ideal was none. (我曾以为，我们都认为理想的情况是没有监控)”及下文“A quick enquiry on my friends found that those who were, like me, in their 40s and older either had no idea they could use their phone in this way or had relatively little interest in doing so. But friends a decade or so younger all seem to be tracking one another at will. (我快速询问了一下我的朋友们，发现那些和我一样，40岁及以上的人要么不知道他们可以用手机这样做，要么对这样做不太感兴趣。但年轻十岁左右的朋友们似乎都在随意地追踪彼此)”可知，上文作者认为大家都认为没有监控是理想的，下文通过询问朋友发现不同年龄段的人对位置追踪的态度不同，B选项“但事实是，它的受欢迎程度取决于你的年龄”与上文形成转折关系，且引出下文关于不同年龄段对位置追踪态度的讨论，符合题意。故选B。 3．由上文“They don’t find the idea of monitoring or being monitored in this way upsetting. They say it makes them feel safer. (他们并不觉得以这种方式监控或被监控的想法令人不安。他们说这让他们感到更安全)”及下文“It is just that they are realistic about the privacy that is available. They know that if you own a smartphone and don’t want to disable useful things like maps, then your location is already being watched. (只是他们对可获得的隐私很现实。他们知道，如果你拥有一部智能手机，并且不想禁用地图等有用的东西，那么你的位置就已经被监视了)”可知，上文提到年轻人对位置追踪并不感到不安，下文解释了原因，F选项“这并不是因为他们没有意识到网络隐私的重要性”承接上文，与下文形成转折关系，进一步解释年轻人不排斥位置追踪的原因，符合语境。故选F。 4．由上文“If you want to start tracking the people you know, then there are some rules involved. It’s fine to use tracking to check that a friend has got home safely at the end of a night out, for example, but not to surprise them on the street. And think carefully about whom you share data with. (如果你想开始追踪你认识的人，那么有一些规则需要遵守。例如，用追踪来确认朋友在晚上外出后是否安全到家是可以的，但不要在街上给他们惊喜。并且要仔细考虑与谁分享数据)”可知，上文提到追踪认识的人时有一些规则，包括使用追踪的目的和分享数据的对象，A选项“这仅适用于家人和亲密朋友，不适用于新认识的人”承接上文，进一步说明分享数据的对象，符合语境。故选A。 5．由上文“Location tracking as a safety measure, particularly for elderly parents and children, is appealing. (位置追踪作为一种安全措施，特别是对年迈的父母和孩子来说，很有吸引力)”及下文“Once you grow comfortable sharing your location with your family and friends, perhaps one day you’ll be happy to share it with your employer or even government agencies. (一旦你习惯了与家人和朋友分享你的位置，也许有一天你会乐意与你的雇主甚至政府机构分享)”可知，上文提到位置追踪作为安全措施很有吸引力，下文提到一旦习惯了与家人朋友分享位置，可能会愿意与雇主或政府机构分享，D选项“风险在于，如果你这样做太频繁，就很难回头了”承上启下，说明过度分享位置可能带来的风险，符合语境。故选D。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $