内容正文:
Unit2 Growing pains and gains 单元知识点速记手册
一、单元基础信息速记
(一)单元主题与课标要求
核心主题:谈论成长中的烦恼与收获,处理家庭矛盾、同伴压力等问题,掌握一般过去时的被动语态用法。
课标要求:
能运用单元核心词汇和句型描述成长经历与感受,书面表达正确率≥85%;
熟练掌握一般过去时的被动语态结构,能准确转换主动与被动语态;
拼写 30+ 成长相关核心词汇,完成 60 词左右的成长故事短文;
完成 “分享个人成长故事” 实践任务(教材 Presenting ideas 模块)。
(二)教材核心场景
描述家庭矛盾:讲述与父母的分歧及解决过程(如 “I had a disagreement with my parents about my phone use.”);
应对同伴压力:分享面对他人质疑时的坚持与突破(如 “He didn't give up his hobby despite peer pressure.”);
谈论失败与成长:描述经历挫折后的收获与感悟(如 “Failure taught me to try new things.”);
介绍他人成长:讲述身边人或名人的成长故事(如 “She overcame difficulties and became successful.”)。
二、重点字词积累速记
(一)核心词汇(音标 + 词性 + 语境用法)
成长与感受类
disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/(adj.):失望的,修饰人,搭配 “be disappointed at sth”,例句 “He was disappointed at failing the team tryout.”;
heartbreaking /ˈhɑ:tbreɪkɪŋ/(adj.):令人心碎的,修饰事物,例句 “His heartbreaking words showed his sadness.”;
pain /peɪn/(n.):痛苦,不可数名词,搭配 “in pain”,例句 “She suffered a lot of pain from her illness.”;
gain /geɪn/(n.):收获,可数或不可数名词,例句 “From pain to gain, he grew a lot.”;
confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/(n.):自信,搭配 “have confidence in oneself”,例句 “She gained confidence through swimming.”。
人际与矛盾类
peer /pɪə/(n.):同龄人,复数 “peers”,搭配 “peer pressure”,例句 “Many teens face peer pressure.”;
disagreement /ˌdɪsəˈgri:mənt/(n.):分歧,可数名词,例句 “They had a disagreement about the plan.”;
pressure /ˈpreʃə/(n.):压力,不可数名词,搭配 “peer pressure”,例句 “Peer pressure can be both good and bad.”;
interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/(v.):打断,及物动词,例句 “Don't interrupt others when they are speaking.”;
proud /praʊd/(adj.):自豪的,搭配 “be proud of”,例句 “Mum was proud of her son's kindness.”。
动作与经历类
realise /ˈrɪəlaɪz/(v.):意识到,及物动词,例句 “He realised his phone was left at his friend's house.”;
attach /əˈtætʃ/(v.):系;贴,搭配 “attach sth to sth”,例句 “A yellow band was attached to her wrist.”;
fall /fɔ:l/(v.):陷入;落下,过去式 “fell”,过去分词 “fallen”,搭配 “fall ill”,例句 “He fell ill during field work.”;
overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/(v.):克服,过去式 “overcame”,过去分词 “overcome”,例句 “She overcame her fear of water.”;
suffer /ˈsʌfə/(v.):遭受,搭配 “suffer from”,例句 “He suffered from a serious illness.”。
(二)高频短语(固定搭配 + 教材出处)
a deal is a deal 一言为定;信守承诺(Understanding ideas):A deal is a deal! You must keep your promise.;
fall upon 降临;发生(Reading for writing):Failure may fall upon us at any stage.;
take one's mind off 转移注意力(Reading for writing):Swimming helped take his mind off the failure.;
in the end 最后;终于(Grammar):In the end, they reached an agreement.;
be cross with sb 对某人心存不满(Understanding ideas):Mum was cross with her son for being late.;
keep one's promise 信守承诺(Understanding ideas):He failed to keep his promise of coming back early.;
from pain to gain 从痛苦到收获(Reading for writing):His story is a journey from pain to gain.。
(三)易错词辨析
情感形容词(修饰人 / 事物):
disappointed(人感到失望的)vs disappointing(事物令人失望的);heartbreaking(事物令人心碎的)vs heartbroken(人心碎的);
易混淆动词:
realise(意识到)vs recognise(认出);attach(粘贴;系)vs attack(攻击);
拼写易错词:
disagreement(勿漏 “a”“ee”);;overcome(过去式为 overcame,勿写为 overcomeed);
词性易错词:
disappoint(v. 使失望)→ disappointment(n. 失望);press(v. 按压)→ pressure(n. 压力)。
三、核心语法速记(中考高频考点)
(一)一般过去时的被动语态
结构(强调过去发生的被动动作)
肯定式:主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者);
否定式:主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词;
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词?;
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词?;
教材例句:
· 肯定句:A yellow band was attached to her wrist.(她的手腕上系着一个黄色手环。)
· 否定句:The promise wasn't kept by the son.(儿子没有遵守承诺。)
· 疑问句:Was the old woman taken home by a policewoman?(那位老妇人是被一位女警察送回家的吗?)
· 特殊疑问句:How was the problem solved?(这个问题是如何被解决的?)
不定式作宾语补足语的被动转换
主动结构:主语 + 动词 + sb + to do sth;
被动结构:sb + was/were + 动词过去分词 + to do sth;
教材例句:
· 主动:The school encouraged Bob to join the team.(学校鼓励鲍勃加入团队。)
· 被动:Bob was encouraged to join the team by the school.(鲍勃被学校鼓励加入团队。)
(二)核心句型(100% 贴合教材)
描述家庭矛盾:Why did you argue with your parents? → We argued about my phone use.;
表达失望情绪:How did you feel about the failure? → I felt very disappointed.;
讲述成长收获:What did you learn from the experience? → I learnt that failure is part of life.;
应对同伴压力:What did you do to overcome peer pressure? → I stuck to my hobby and believed in myself.;
提建议:What advice can you give him? → He should communicate with his parents more.。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$