Unit 2 单元知识梳理-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册同步教学精品课件（新教材人教版）

该初中英语Unit 2知识清单系统梳理了健康与安全主题内容，涵盖27个重点短语、8个核心句型、情态动词should/could及反身代词语法点、19个重点知识解析与书面表达模块，构建了从基础词汇到语法应用再到写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现（短语、句型、语法分块）、分级标注（如so...that...标为重点）及关联设计（语法结合句型实例）构建知识体系，设“即学即练”题组与写作模板，如enough用法用“名前形副后”口诀辅助记忆，培养学生语言能力与思维品质，助力不同基础学生高效掌握，也为教师提供精准教学资源，提升课堂实效。

Unit 2 知识梳理 重点短语 1.suffer from 受苦；受折磨 2.take a seat 坐下 3.take one's temperature 给某人量体温 4.stop ... from doing 防止......；阻止...... 5.what's more 更有甚者；更为重要的是 6.catch fire 着火 7.turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 8.no way 不可能；没门 9.be about to 即将；正要（做某事） 10.stop short 突然停住 11.first aid 急救 12.eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 13.lie down 平躺；平卧 14.from now on从现在起 15.sore throat 喉咙痛 16.press down on your nose 按住你的鼻子 17.drink enough water 喝足够的水 18.drink some water with honey 喝点加了蜂蜜的水 19.put something warm on your stomach 在肚子上盖点暖和的东西 20.runny nose 流鼻涕 21.bruised knee 擦伤的膝盖 22.flue season流感季节 23.take care of his health 照顾好他的健康 24.in a panic 惊慌失措 25.pour oil into a pan 将油倒入平底锅中 26.anything but 除了……都不是 27.fire extinguisher灭火器 重点句型 1. What’s wrong?I ate too much last night.Now my stomach aches. 怎么了？我昨晚吃得太多了。现在我的肚子疼。 2. You shouldn’t eat so much next time.下次你可别吃这么多啦。 3. What’s the matter? I have a really bad toothache.怎么了？我的牙齿疼得厉害。 4. You should see the dentist and get an X-ray. You could eat some soft food for now. 你应该去看牙医并做一下 X 光检查。目前你可以吃些软食。 5. How did you hurt yourself? I hurt myself when I fell off my bike. 你是怎么受伤的？我是在从自行车上摔下来的时候受伤的。你现在可以吃些软食。 6. Be more careful next time.If we are not careful, we can easily hurt ourselves. 下次要更加小心些。如果我们不够小心，就很容易伤到自己。 7. Mr Liu knows how to take care of his health because he used to be a doctor himself. 刘先生懂得如何保持健康，因为他自己曾经是一名医生。 8. I’m suffering from bad headache.我正遭受着严重的头痛。 9. He turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken. 他打开炉灶，让油在火上加热，同时开始准备鸡肉。 10. He was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt. 他离锅子太近了，以至于一缕火焰瞬间就烧到了他的衬衫上。 重点语法 一、情态动词should和could的用法） 1. should的用法 这是最常用的提建议方式，表示根据常理、责任或情况，做某事是正确、明智或最好的选择。它带有一定的“劝告”意味。 should作情态动词,有实际的词义,但它不可单独作谓语,须与动词原形连用,没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式是should not,可缩写为shouldn’t；变为一般疑问句时,should提到主语之前。它的用法如下： （1）表示提出或征询建议，意为“应该”。 I think you should save some money for your father’s birthday. 我认为你应该为你父亲的生日攒些钱。 （2）表示责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”。 We should follow the rules in public. 在公共场合我们应该遵守规则。 （3）表示推测，意为“照理说，应该”，语气弱于must“一定”(表示推测)。 Don’t worry. Kate should arrive soon. 别担心。凯特应该很快就到了。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+ should +动词原形+其他 We should help the people in trouble. 否定句 主语+ shouldn’t +动词原形+其他 They shouldn’t eat too much. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ should +主语+动词原形+其他？ Where should we meet? 一般疑问句 Should +主语+动词原形+其他？ —It’s too cold. Should I close the window? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语+ should. —Yes, you should. 否定回答 No, 主语+shouldn’t. —No, you shouldn’t. 2. could的用法 情态动词could本身不能作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。当你想非常礼貌、不显强硬地提出一个建议或可能性时，就用 could。它意味着“或许可以尝试……”，给对方充分的选择自由，没有强加的感觉。 核心用法与例句： （1）could用于提出建议，比can语气更为委婉。 You could ask your doctor for a check-up. 你可以请医生做个检查。 （2）句型“Could you (please)...?”常用于委婉地请求某人做某事，其后通常接动词原形，此时其肯定回答和否定回答都不用could。 肯定回答：Yes, I can./Sure./Of course./No problem./...  否定回答：Sorry, I’m afraid not./I’m sorry, I can’t. /I’m sorry, but.../Of course not. —Could you lend your computer to me? 你可以把你的电脑借给我吗? —Certainly. 当然可以。/Sorry, I’m afraid not. 对不起，恐怕不行。 （3）句型“Could I do...?”常用于委婉地请求许可，答语中用can，而不用could。 肯定回答：Yes, you can./Certainly./Sure. 否定回答：No, you can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t. —Could I have a look at your new watch? 我能看看你的新手表吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。/No, you can’t. 不，不行。 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 should shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 3. 情态动词表推测用法对比 情态动词 推测语气 适用场景 真题例句 must 强肯定，90%以上概率 有明确依据的肯定推测 【2025年河南中考】He has a headache and coughs a lot. He must have the flu. may/might 弱肯定，50%左右概率 无明确依据的可能性推测，might语气比may更弱 【2025年江苏苏州中考模拟】She may feel better after taking the medicine. can't 强否定，0%概率 有明确依据的否定推测 【2025年浙江杭州中考】He eats a lot and exercises every day. He can't be overweight. 二、（反身代词） 1. 反身代词的变化 反身代词形式 单数+self 词义 复数+selves 词义 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 themselves 他们/她们/它们 自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 【结构】 第一、二人称：形容词性物主代词+self/selves 第三人称：宾格+self/selves 2. 反身代词的用法 （1）作动词或介词的宾语 My brother can’t dress himself. 我弟弟不能自己穿衣服。(作动词的宾语) The old man lives by himself in the countryside. 这个老人一个人生活在乡下。（作介词的宾语） （2）作主语或宾语的同位语 此时表示强调，反身代词要重读。反身代词强调主语时，位置比较灵活。反身代词强调宾语时，应放在宾语之后。 I myself will present the prizes./I will present the prizes myself. 我本人将颁发奖品。(作主语的同位语) You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。(作宾语的同位语) （3）作表语 反身代词放在be、feel、look、seem等系动词之后作表语，可以用来描述身体或精神状态。 I’m not feeling myself today. I think I may have a cold. 今天我感觉不适。我想我可能感冒了。 3. 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 重点知识 1.—What's the matter ? —I have a really bad cold.（教材P15） 【用法详解】固定句型 What's the matter with sb.? 用于询问他人身体状况，同义表达为 What's wrong with sb.? ； have a cold 是固定搭配，类似短语有 have a fever/headache ，需注意 cold 前可加形容词修饰。 【即学即练】 1. —____? —I have a feeling that CO₂ is coming out of my breath. I feel very uncomfortable A. What’s the matter B. What’s the wrong C. What are you doing 【答案】A 2．朱迪怎么了？ with Judy? 【答案】 What’s the matter 2.I almost fell and hurt myself 伤到自己 【用法详解】hurt + 反身代词 表示“伤到自己”。反身代词有：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。 【即学即练】 1. He hurt ____ when he played football on the playground yesterday. A. him B. himself C. his 【答案】B 2．— Did you hurt _______ while _______ soccer? — No, I didn’t. A．you; playing B．yourself; playing C．yourself; play D．you;play 【答案】B 3．Judy打羽毛球时伤到了自己。 Judy badminton. 【答案】 hurt herself while (she was) playing 3. You should take some medicine and drink enough water。 你应该吃点药并且喝足够的水。 enough意为“足够的；足够地”，既可作形容词也可作副词。作形容词修饰名词时，放在名词的前面，作副词修饰形容词或副词时，放在所修饰词的后面。（名前形副后） 名前形副后 enough+名词 形容词/副词+enough 足够的钱 enough money 足够漂亮 beautiful enough Eg.Don’t worry! You have enough time to finish it. 别担心！你有充足的时间来完成它。 You should be careful enough when you cross the road. 过马路时你应该足够小心。 The player runs quickly enough. 这个运动员跑得足够快。 【即学即练】 1. The boy is only 7 years old. He isn’t ____ to take care of ____. A. old enough; himself B. enough old; himself C. old enough; him 4、Avoid soft drinks for now as the gas could make the ache worse.目前避免软饮料，因为气体可能会使疼痛加剧。（教材第13页2c) 【详解】avoid [动词] 避免；防止 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，但是不能接动词不定式作宾语。 »We should avoid the same mistake. 我们应该避免相同的错误。 »He avoided answering my questions. 他对我的问题避而不答。 【即学即练】 1．To keep healthy, you’d better avoid (eat) unhealthy snacks every day. 2．To (避免) mistakes, check your papers before handing them in. 3．You’d better avoid ________ too much time on computer games. It’s bad for your eyes. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 5、Accidents can happen when we're careless.当我们粗心时，事故就可能发生。【详解】careless [形容词] 不小心的；粗心的通常在句中作定语或表语，其反义词为careful“细心的；认真的”。副词为carelessly“粗心地”。 »He made a careless mistake in the maths exam. 他在数学考试中犯了一个粗心的错误。 »They lost the game because they were careless. 他们因为不小心，所以输掉了比赛。 【即学即练】 1．If he wasn’t so (粗心的) while driving, the accident would not happen. 2．He was so (care) that he made many mistakes in the exam. 6. He was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt. 他离平底锅太近了，以至于火苗窜到了他的衬衫上。 【用法详解】🗹重点：so...that... 引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。结构为：so + adj./adv. + that + 从句。 【易混辨析】so...that... 与 such...that... - so + 形容词/副词 + that... - such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that... 【即学即练】 1．Alex was so (care) that he lost his passport. 7. Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much worse! 多亏了他在学校上的急救和安全课，他知道水会让油火更糟！ 【用法详解】🗹重点：Thanks to... 是一个介词短语，意为“多亏了，由于”，后接名词或代词，表示原因，通常引出积极的原因或因素。 【易混辨析】thanks to 与 thanks for thanks to 多亏；由于 介词to后跟表示感谢的对象，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式 thanks for 因……而感谢 介词for后跟感谢的原因，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式 Eg. Thanks to you, I am not lost. 幸亏你我才没迷路。 Eg. Thanks for sending me such a nice present. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。 8.Patient病人（教材第14页3d) 【详解】patient ① [名词] 病人 »The patient feels much better now. 那个病人现在感觉好多了。 ② [形容词] 有耐心的 　常见搭配：be patient with sb意为“对某人有耐心”；be patient of sth忍耐某事。其反义词是impatient“没有耐心的”；副词形式为patiently“耐心地”。 »You'll just have to be patient. 你只能耐心点。 »We should be patient with them. 我们应该对他们有耐心。 » You should learn to be patient of pains. 你应该学会忍受痛苦。 【即学即练】 1．Laura hoped we could be (有耐心的) when facing difficult tasks. 2、(武威中考)My teacher always offers us help_____________(patient). 3．Ms. Zhou is very ________ with us when we ask for questions. We all love her. A．patient B．quick C．tight D．bruised 9、Her clearest memory is not of the race itself, but the terrible pain in her legs the next day.她最清晰的记忆不是那场比赛本身，而是第二天腿部的剧烈疼痛。（教材第15页4b) 【详解】(1)clear ① [形容词] 清晰的；清楚的 »He is clear in his speech. 他谈吐清晰。 »Now everything is very clear. 现在一切都很明显了。 ② [动词] 清理 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，常用短语：clear out“清理；丢掉”。 » They are clearing (out) the snow from the street. 他们正清理街道上的雪。 »She cleared out all her old clothes.她扔掉了所有的旧衣服。 【即学即练】 1．Please speak more slowly—your explanation is not (清楚的) enough for us to understand. 2．The photos of the trip are not very (清晰的). 3．There are some bricks on the road. Let’s 　　　them, or there may be traffic accidents. A．test B．clear C．bleed D．smoke (2)pain [名词] 疼痛；痛苦 » We must not forget the pain when the wound has healed.我们不要好了伤疤忘了疼。 【辨析】pain 与ache pain 指肉体上的剧痛或精神上的痛苦，通常不直接与表示身体部位的名词连用，而用“have a pain in the/形容词性物主代词+表示身体部位的名词”表达 ache 常指连续的、局部的疼痛，常和表示身体部位的词连用，构成复合词，如 headache(头痛) »My grandma has a pain in the knee. 我奶奶膝盖痛。 »I have a toothache. 我牙疼。 【即学即练】 1．It is really exciting to see patients in p (痛苦) leave with joy after treatment (治疗). 2. —I have a bad ____. What should I do? —You should see a dentist. A. headache B. toothache C. stomachache 10、Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken.然后，他打开炉灶，在准备鸡肉的时候让油加热。（教材第16页1b) 【详解】turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 多指通过触碰、旋转等小幅度的动作打开电器的开关。其反义词组是turn off,意为“关掉；关闭（设备）”。 »Don't forget to turn on the gas when you start cooking. 　开始做饭时别忘了打开煤气。 »My mother asked me to turn off the TV and go to bed. 　我妈妈让我关掉电视上床睡觉。 【拓展】与turn有关的其他常用短语turn up 调大；调高 turn down 调小；调低»Could you please turn the TV up? 请你把电视的音量调大点好吗？ »Turn down the radio, please. 请把收音机的音量调小点。 【辨析】turn on 与open turn on 指打开水龙头、煤气、电灯、电视等，其反义词组为turn off open 指打开门、窗、箱子、盒子、抽屉、书等，其反义词为close 【即学即练】 1、(2024长春中考)—Mum, could I ___________the TV? I want to watch the news about space. 　　-Of course. And don't sit too close. A. turn on B. turn off C. put on D. put off 2．她问妈妈是否可以打开收音机。 She asked her mum if she could the radio. 11、James cried out and threw himself to the floor.詹姆斯大叫起来，扑倒在地上。（教材第16页1b) 【详解】throw [动词] 猛动身体（部位）；扔；抛 其过去式是threw,过去分词是 thrown。常见搭配：throw away意为“扔掉；错过”；throw down 意为“扔下；随手丢下”。 »The boys were throwing stones into the river. 男孩们正在往河里扔石头。 »Recycling is good, so don't throw away bottles or newspapers. 　回收利用很好，所以不要扔掉瓶子和报纸。 »He threw down the bag and went out.他扔下包就出去了。 【拓展】 throw sth to sb 将某物扔向某人（不含恶意） throw sth at sb用某物砸某人（含恶意，带有攻击性） »Don't throw it to him; give it to him! 别扔给他，递给他！ »Don't throw stones at the poor bird!　不要向那只可怜的鸟扔石头！ 【即学即练】 1．At Samuel’s birthday party, the host (扔) small gifts to the excited children. 2．She (throw) the ball up and caught it again. 3．守门员飞身扑倒在地，完成了一次不可思议的扑救。 The goalkeeper and made an incredible save. 12、“Get water, quick!”he shouted.“快拿水来！”他喊道。（教材第16页1b) 【详解】quick ① [副词] 迅速地；快速地 通常用于非正式场合或口语中，多位于动词后。 »Run quick! The bus is leaving. 快跑！公共汽车要开了。 »Come as quick as you can!你尽快过来吧！ ② [形容词] 快的；迅速的 通常位于名词前作定语，或者位于系动词后作表语。 » He had a quick breakfast and went to school. 他迅速吃了早饭然后去上学了。 »Be quick! We're late for school. 快点！我们上学要迟到了。 【拓展】quickly [副词] 迅速地 » She quickly eats a piece of bread, takes her bag and jacket, and runs to school. 　　她迅速吃了一片面包,拿起包和外套,然后跑向学校。 【即学即练】 1、 (2024 云南中考) China's Beidou system has developed________and it plays an 　　important role in many fields. (quick) 13、Don't lie down for too long as it could make your back feel.(harmful/sore)不要躺太久，因为这会让你的背感到酸痛。（有害的/酸痛的）（教材第18页2b) 【详解】(1)lie [动词] 平躺；平放 常见搭配：lie down意为“平躺；平卧”。 »Go and lie down for a while. 去躺一会儿吧。 【拓展】lie的不同含义及词形变化过去分词 单词 词性 词义 动词-ing 形式 过去式 lie 动词 平躺；平放 lying lay lain 说谎 lying lied lied 名词 谎言 / / / »I found her lying on the ground. 我发现她躺在地上。 » I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。 »You mustn't tel lies. 你不许说谎。 【即学即练】 1．—Why are you so angry, Mrs. Smith? —My son ________ in bed all the morning and did nothing, but he ________ to me about that. A．lied; lied B．lay; lay C．lied; lay D．lay; lied 2．When the teacher asked why she didn’t finish her homework, Lily ________ that she was sick and ________ in bed all morning. But her deskmate saw her playing outside. A．lied; lie B．lied; lay C．lay; lied D．lay; lay 3．他一躺下就睡着了。 He fell asleep as soon as he  . (2)harmful[形容词]有害的 　常见搭配：be harmful to 意为“对···有害”，相当于 do harm to或 be bad for。其反义短语是 be good for,意为“对·有好处”。 » Playing mobile phones for a long time is harmful to eyes.长时间玩手机对眼睛有害。 » Freezing weather is harmful to orange trees.　冰冻天气对橙子树是有害的。 【即学即练】 1．制造噪声对人们的听力有害。 Making noise people’s hearing. 2．Don’t use earphones for a long time. It’s ________ to your ears. A．careless B．harmful C．clear D．single 14、Suddenly, something hit her hard and threw her to the ground. 突然，有东西重重地撞到了她，把她摔倒在地上。（教材第18页2c) 【详解】hit ☆ ① [动词] 碰撞；击；打 其过去式和过去分词都是 hit。常用结构：hit sb on/in+the+表示身体部位的名词，意为“击中某人的某个部位”。当所打部位较硬（如head、nose、back等）时，用介词on;当所打部位较软（如eye、mouth、face、stomach 等)时，则用介词 in。 » A bird hit the window and flew away quickly.　一只鸟撞到窗户后迅速飞走了。 »The bullet hit him on the back. 子弹击中了他的后背。 » She swung her arm and hit me in the face.　她挥起手臂，打了我一个耳光。 ② [名词] 打；击；击中 » He gave the door a hard hit with his fist.　他用拳头重重地捶了一下门。 » The ball made a loud hit on the window.　球重重地打在窗户上。 【即学即练】 1．A white car (碰撞) a little boy on the corner of the street last night. 15.IYou'd better not stay up late or eat junk food too often.（教材P20） 解析： had better (not) + 动词原形 表“最好（不）做某事”，语气比 should 更强，用于给出直接建议； stay up late 意为“熬夜”， junk food 是不可数名词短语，无复数形式。 1．You’d better ________ the patient ________ about her trouble. A．to ask, myself B．to ask, himself C．ask, herself D．ask, ourselves 16.Why don't you drink some hot tea with honey?（教材P17） 解析： Why don't you + 动词原形? =  Why not + 动词原形? ，用于提出委婉建议，回答常用 Good idea!/That sounds good. ； with honey 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 hot tea 。 【即学即练】 1. —Why don’t you ____? It’s a good way to relax. —That’s a good idea. A. take a walk B. taking a walk C. took a walk 17.It's important to have a balanced diet and take regular exercise.（教材P18） 解析：固定句型 It's + 形容词 + to do sth. ， it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语； balanced diet 意为“均衡饮食”， regular exercise 意为“规律运动”，均为健康话题高频短语。 18.II'm writing to ask for your advice because I've been suffering from a stomachache for three days. 解析： write to do sth. 意为“写信做某事”； ask for advice 是“寻求建议”的固定表达； have been suffering 是现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在，可能还会继续。 19. I have a runny nose and a fever. 我流鼻涕还发烧。 【用法详解】描述症状的常用句型：have a + 症状名词。 常见症状：a cough（咳嗽），a sore throat（喉咙痛），a headache（头痛），a fever（发烧）。 【用法详解】have a/an +疾病名称 感冒 发烧 咳嗽 have a/an +身体部位-ache 头痛 胃痛 牙痛 have a sore +身体部位 背疼 喉咙疼 主语+hurt (s) / cut (s) + 身体部位 / 反身代词 He hurts himself. 患病的表达方式 【即学即练】 1．David ____ a stomachache. So he ____ eat anything 24 hours. A．has, should B．has , shouldn't C．have, shouldn’t D．has, shouldn’t 2．—What’s the matter with you, Tom? —I have a ________. I need to see a dentist. A．headache B．toothache C．stomachache D．fever 20.I'm suffering from a very bad headache.suffer from 遭受...之苦 【即学即练】 1．即使后来遭受病痛的折磨甚至双目失明，他也没有停止战斗。 Although he and even lost his sight, he didn’t stop fighting. 3．—Smoking is bad for people's health. —That's true. A report says that lots of smokers are _______a lung(肺) disease. A．suffering from B．turning on C．stopping short D． 书面表达 1、 写作主题 保持健康 2、 主题分析 本单元的主题是“保持健康”,要求学生能够运用相关词汇和表达,谈论健康问题、提供建议。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①描述健康问题与身体状况;②针对不适症状给出合理建议;③分析日常生活中的安全隐患,并讨论预防措施。 在中考书面表达中与此主题相关的命题形式较为多样,例如通过撰写建议信、演讲稿等向同龄人发出倡议,内容需列举具体防护措施,并表达共同守护健康的期望,体现实用性与号召力。 三、写作积累 （一）.常用的词汇： ①疾病与不适：sore throat, headache, stomachache, toothache, backache, nosebleed, fever, cold, cough, stress ②饮食健康：balanced diet, fresh fruit/vegetables, junk food, healthy snacks, avoid sugar/oil/salt ③运动健身：exercise regularly, take exercise, run, swim, play basketball, keep fit ④作息健康：early to bed and early to rise, sleep 8-9 hours a day, stay up late, have a good rest ⑤建议与行动：advise, suggest, improve, relax, drink plenty of water, take medicine, stop...from doing 短语：①put something warm on your stomach 在胃部放些暖和的东西 ②see a dentist 看牙医 ③drink some water with honey 喝些蜂蜜水 ④take your temperature 量体温 ⑤take good care of 好好照顾 ⑥get an X-ray 拍X光 ⑦keep a healthy lifestyle 保持健康的生活方式 ⑧take care of one’s health 关心自己的健康 ⑨have a physical examination 体检 ⑩get enough sleep 获得充足睡眠 ⑪reduce stress 减轻压力 ⑫stay away from 远离（垃圾食品/熬夜） ⑬follow the doctor’s advice 遵循医生的建议 （二）.常用的句型句式： 1、观点类： ①I think it’s.... ②In my opinion,... 例句：It's very important for us to stay healthy. Staying healthy can help us study better. 2、询问病情： ① What’s wrong with you? ② How long have you felt like this? ③ Did you have any bad habits recently? 3、描述影响： ① Staying up late makes you tired and weak. ② Eating too much junk food leads to illness. ③ Regular exercise helps you stay energetic. 4、建议类： ① You should/shouldn’t do sth. ② Why not do sth.? ③ It’s a good idea to do sth. ④ You’d better do sth. ⑤ Don’t do sth. 例句：We should eat more vegetables and less junk food. It's a good idea to exercise for 30 minutes every day. Don't stay up late because it's bad for our health. 5、原因类： ①Eating fruit is good for our body because it provides vitamins. ②We feel tired easily if we don't get enough sleep. 6、总结类： ①In short, healthy habits can make us strong and happy. ②If we follow these suggestions, we will stay healthy. ③To stay healthy, we need to balance diet, exercise and rest. ④ In my opinion, health is more important than wealth. 4、 写作步骤 1.审题 1）体裁:说明文    2）时态:一般现在时    3）人称:以第二、三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①wash them often with soap 经常用肥皂洗它们     ②stop the virus from spreading 阻止病毒传播　 ③do sports regularly 定期运动　 ④avoid crowded places 避免去拥挤的地方 ⑤It’s important for us to take steps to stay healthy. 对我们来说, 采取措施保持健康很重要。 ⑥In short, small habits make a big difference. 总之,小习惯会产生大的影响。 2.谋篇布局 五、例题精讲 假设你是李华,最近有许多人感染了甲型流感病毒 (influenza A virus)。请你根据以下表格中的提示,以“How to prevent the influenza A virus”为题,谈谈我们应该怎样预防甲 型流感病毒。 How to prevent the influenza A virus wash our hands often do some sports, such as... wear masks (口罩) eat healthy food and drink more water 要求:1.参考提示内容,可适当发挥; 2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等); 4.词数不少于80。(开头已给出,但不计入总词数) How to prevent the influenza A virus Many people have the influenza A virus these days. What should we do to prevent it? _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【精彩例文】 How to prevent the influenza A virus Many people have the influenza A virus these days. What should we do to prevent it? It’s important for us to take steps to stay healthy. First, keep hands clean. Wash them often with soap, especially before eating and after touching public things. Second, wear masks in busy places. They can help stop the virus from spreading. Also, do sports regularly, like walking or playing basketball, to make our bodies strong. Eating healthy food like fruits and vegetables, and drinking more water are good too. Try not to stay close to people who are sick, and avoid crowded places when possible. In short, small habits make a big difference. Following these tips can protect us and others. Let's take care of ourselves and stay away from the virus. 当堂训练 1、 单项选择。 1．The doctor advised him ________ more water and avoid strenuous exercise. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drinks 2．—Smoking is bad for people's health. —That's true. A report says that lots of smokers are _______a lung(肺) disease. A．suffering from B．turning on C．stopping short D． 3. You shouldn’t eat ____ food if you want to keep healthy. A. too much B. too many C. much too 4．—How do you make your report more convincing? —I use a lot of ________ from the survey. A．data B．message C．suggestion D．reason 5．If they ________ early, they will catch the first bus to the hospital. A．leave B．will leave C．left D．leaves 6. —Why don’t you ____? It’s a good way to relax. —That’s a good idea. A. take a walk B. taking a walk C. took a walk 7．He spent two hours ________ in the park yesterday afternoon. A．jog B．jogging C．to jog D．jogged 8．The doctor advised him ________ more water and avoid strenuous exercise. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drinks 9．You’d better ________ smoking—it’s harmful to your lungs. A．give up B．give in C．give out D．give away 10. The boy is only 7 years old. He isn’t ____ to take care of ____. A. old enough; himself B. enough old; himself C. old enough; him 11．— Is your sister feeling better today? — No, she still coughs ________ and can’t sleep well at night. A．quietly B．easily C．badly D．happily 12．—Mum, can I go swimming in the river? —________! It’s too dangerous. A．No way B．Good idea C．With pleasure D．Never mind 二、根据所给汉语、首字母和句意完成填空。 1．The children are playing on the beach (高兴地). 2．Hearing the terrible news, we all sat down (伤心地). 3．You should stop (抽烟), because it’s bad for your health. 4．If he wasn’t so (粗心的) while driving, the accident would not happen. 5．You should (检查) your bag and passport before getting into the airport. 6．My finger is (流血). Can you help me deal with it? 7．The photos of the trip are not very (清晰的). 8．To (避免) mistakes, check your papers before handing them in. 9．Drinking too much cola can do a lot of h (伤害) to your health. 10．It is really exciting to see patients in p (痛苦) leave with joy after treatment (治疗). 11.Her __________(发烧) didn't go down until she took the medicine prescribed by the doctor. 12.The nurse took good care of the __________(病人) in the ward day and night. 13.You must take the __________(药) on time as the doctor told you. 14.His arm was __________(受了瘀伤的) when he fell down the stairs, but there was no serious injury. 15.A clean and tidy __________(环境) is very important for the recovery of patients. 16.The doctor __________(敲击) the patient's knee gently to check his nerve reflexes. 17.She __________(猛动身体;扔) her arms around her father happily when she saw him after a long time. 18. Parenting (养育) is like walking on a ________ (紧的) rope—you need to be careful. 19. If you are ________ (过敏的) to animal fur, hairless cats will make a good pet. 20. Please remember ________ (邀请) all your classmates to the meeting tomorrow. 21. The sick little girl l________ on the bed all day until her fever was gone. 22. Be careful with the k_________ in the kitchen, it may cut your fingers. 23. The sun gives us light and b_________, making the world warm and lively. 24. Walk along the street and c_________ the bridge, you'll find the bank on your left. 25. Many wild animals s_________ from hunger and cold in winter if people don't help them. 三、根据句意提示，填写出单词的适当形式。 1．They are enjoying (them) at the beach. 2．She (throw) the ball up and caught it again. 3．Tom went home (sad) because he failed the exam. 4. Don’t eat too much junk food. It’s ________ (harm) to your health. 5. Bill didn’t finish the work because he had a terrible ________ (head). 四、 按要求改写句子。 1．由于野生动物的数量越来越少，政府必须阻止人们伤害动物。 As there are fewer and fewer wild animals, the government must animals. 2．她昨天说了太多话，没有喝足够的水。她现在嗓子疼。 She talked yesterday and didn’t drink enough water. She now. 3．她问妈妈是否可以打开收音机。 She asked her mum if she could the radio. 4．他正准备载他儿子一程的时候，突然接到了一个电话。 (完成译句) He give his son a ride when he suddenly received a call. 5. 他的朋友们立刻行动起来，迅速将他送往医院。 His friends ________ ________ ________ and took him to the hospital at once. 6. 医生向他询问了一些问题，并给了他一些建议。 The doctor asked him some questions and ________ ________ ________ ________. 7. 每晚躺下后,我总通过书籍沉浸于想象的世界中。 Every night after I ________ ________, I lose myself in a world of imagination through books. 8. 这位年轻运动员熟练地将经验丰富的对手摔倒在地，夺得了金牌。 The young athlete skillfully ________ his experienced rival ________ ________ ________ and secured the gold medal. 9. 你可能发烧了，让我来测量一下你的体温。 You may have a fever, so let me ________ ________ ________. 10. 没有什么困难能阻止我们成为更好的人。 There aren’t any difficulties that can ________ us ________ ________ into better people. 11．Tom离湖太近了以至于他差点掉了下去。 Tom was the lake he almost fell into it. 12.刘先生知道怎么照顾他的健康因为他过去自己就是一名医生。 Mr Liu knows how to _________ ________ ________ his health,because he used to be a doctor _________. 13．幸运的是，Lucy没有受严重的伤。 , Lucy didn't . 14．更重要的是，我的榜样教会我如何成为积极的人。 , my role model shows me how to be a positive person. 15. 有些孩子写字时按压得非常用力。 Some kids ________ ________ really hard when they write. 5、 语法填空 According to the latest data from China CDC (疾控中心), the flu virus positive rate among outpatient (门诊) and emergency (急诊) influenza-like cases in China has reached 44.8%, showing a continuous upward trend for seven weeks. It’s reported that 23 provinces are in a medium level, while some have entered a high level, with the north and south both seeing rapid growth. The main popular strain (毒株) this round is influenza A(H3N2), which 1 (spread) widely recently. Teenagers aged 5-14 are the main affected group, and over 80% of clustered outbreaks (群体感染) 2 (happen) in schools and kindergartens. Experts suggest that people 3 (strengthen) personal protection, such as 4 (wear) masks in crowded places and washing hands with soap regularly. Flu symptoms usually include fever, cough, sore throat, headache and body aches. For those with mild (轻微的) symptoms, getting enough rest and drinking plenty of water 5 (be) helpful. However, high-risk groups (高危人群) like the elderly and patients with chronic diseases (慢性病) must seek medical advice 6 time if they develop symptoms (症状). vaccination (接种疫苗) is 7 effective way to prevent the flu. People without health problems are advised 8 (get) vaccinated as soon as possible. It’s also important to open windows often to let fresh air in and keep a balanced diet to build immunity. Besides, avoiding close contact with flu patients can reduce the risk of 9 (catch) the virus. When you feel unwell, remember to stay at home and rest to avoid spreading the flu to 10 (other). 六．阅读理解。 ①Healthy eating habits along with regular (有规律的) exercise are the best way to become fit. If you have enough energy and exercise regularly, you will lose weight, keep fit, and feel great, too. ②During your teenage years, it is important to give your body the energy it needs—it’s good for your growth. If you don’t have meals, you won’t get enough calories, and then you will feel tired. About 50% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water, 6 to 8 glasses a day. Water helps keep your system clean. Drinking enough water will make your skin better and make you healthy. ③Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Doctors suggest that teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week. That is easy to do! You can walk or ride your bike to school, and do sports at school. However, teenagers often don’t do that, saying they have no time left after their studies. In fact, doing exercise can help them sleep better at night and pay more attention to their studies. ④If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much better and become fit. 1．What does the underlined word “calories” mean according to the passage? A．Water. B．Bread. C．Rice. D．Energy. 2．According to this passage, teenagers should spend at least ________ minutes exercising a week. A．30 B．50 C．150 D．350 3．What’s the structure (结构) of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ③=Paragraph 3,...) A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How to Eat Food. B．How to Exercise. C．How to Keep Healthy. D．How to Lose Weight. 七、任务型阅读 We usually go to see a doctor when we are ill. Doctors may give us some medicine, and the medicine often makes us feel better. But sometimes the doctor’s medicine doesn’t work. This happened to one man, Thomas Smith. He was ill in hospital, but he wasn’t getting well. Then he found a new “doctor” inside himself. He saw funny films. He read funny books. And something wonderful happened. Laughing took away his pain after half a year. He could have a good night’s rest. His own happy feeling helped him get well again. He wrote his story in his book. He said laughing was very useful. It was the best “medicine”. Another man, Simon Beck, was also ill, and he had a serious pain in his back. The doctor couldn’t stop it, so the man began to “picture” his pain. In his head he “drew” a picture of a dog. He imagined it to be a real dog. And it was hurting him. Then the man talked softly to the dog. He put his hand on the dog’s head and made friends with it. One year later, his pain went away! These stories may surprise you, but more and more people are getting well in this way. So call on the “doctor” inside your mind, and keep happy and well! 1．What may doctors give us when we are ill? 2．According to Thomas Smith, what was the best “medicine”? 3．What did Simon Beck begin to do when the doctor couldn’t stop his pain? 4．Do you agree with the idea in the passage? Why or why not? Write 30 words or more. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 知识梳理 重点短语 1.suffer from 受苦；受折磨 2.take a seat 坐下 3.take one's temperature 给某人量体温 4.stop ... from doing 防止......；阻止...... 5.what's more 更有甚者；更为重要的是 6.catch fire 着火 7.turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 8.no way 不可能；没门 9.be about to 即将；正要（做某事） 10.stop short 突然停住 11.first aid 急救 12.eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 13.lie down 平躺；平卧 14.from now on从现在起 15.sore throat 喉咙痛 16.press down on your nose 按住你的鼻子 17.drink enough water 喝足够的水 18.drink some water with honey 喝点加了蜂蜜的水 19.put something warm on your stomach 在肚子上盖点暖和的东西 20.runny nose 流鼻涕 21.bruised knee 擦伤的膝盖 22.flue season流感季节 23.take care of his health 照顾好他的健康 24.in a panic 惊慌失措 25.pour oil into a pan 将油倒入平底锅中 26.anything but 除了……都不是 27.fire extinguisher灭火器 重点句型 1. What’s wrong?I ate too much last night.Now my stomach aches. 怎么了？我昨晚吃得太多了。现在我的肚子疼。 2. You shouldn’t eat so much next time.下次你可别吃这么多啦。 3. What’s the matter? I have a really bad toothache.怎么了？我的牙齿疼得厉害。 4. You should see the dentist and get an X-ray. You could eat some soft food for now. 你应该去看牙医并做一下 X 光检查。目前你可以吃些软食。 5. How did you hurt yourself? I hurt myself when I fell off my bike. 你是怎么受伤的？我是在从自行车上摔下来的时候受伤的。你现在可以吃些软食。 6. Be more careful next time.If we are not careful, we can easily hurt ourselves. 下次要更加小心些。如果我们不够小心，就很容易伤到自己。 7. Mr Liu knows how to take care of his health because he used to be a doctor himself. 刘先生懂得如何保持健康，因为他自己曾经是一名医生。 8. I’m suffering from bad headache.我正遭受着严重的头痛。 9. He turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken. 他打开炉灶，让油在火上加热，同时开始准备鸡肉。 10. He was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt. 他离锅子太近了，以至于一缕火焰瞬间就烧到了他的衬衫上。 重点语法 一、情态动词should和could的用法） 1. should的用法 这是最常用的提建议方式，表示根据常理、责任或情况，做某事是正确、明智或最好的选择。它带有一定的“劝告”意味。 should作情态动词,有实际的词义,但它不可单独作谓语,须与动词原形连用,没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式是should not,可缩写为shouldn’t；变为一般疑问句时,should提到主语之前。它的用法如下： （1）表示提出或征询建议，意为“应该”。 I think you should save some money for your father’s birthday. 我认为你应该为你父亲的生日攒些钱。 （2）表示责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”。 We should follow the rules in public. 在公共场合我们应该遵守规则。 （3）表示推测，意为“照理说，应该”，语气弱于must“一定”(表示推测)。 Don’t worry. Kate should arrive soon. 别担心。凯特应该很快就到了。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+ should +动词原形+其他 We should help the people in trouble. 否定句 主语+ shouldn’t +动词原形+其他 They shouldn’t eat too much. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ should +主语+动词原形+其他？ Where should we meet? 一般疑问句 Should +主语+动词原形+其他？ —It’s too cold. Should I close the window? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语+ should. —Yes, you should. 否定回答 No, 主语+shouldn’t. —No, you shouldn’t. 2. could的用法 情态动词could本身不能作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。当你想非常礼貌、不显强硬地提出一个建议或可能性时，就用 could。它意味着“或许可以尝试……”，给对方充分的选择自由，没有强加的感觉。 核心用法与例句： （1）could用于提出建议，比can语气更为委婉。 You could ask your doctor for a check-up. 你可以请医生做个检查。 （2）句型“Could you (please)...?”常用于委婉地请求某人做某事，其后通常接动词原形，此时其肯定回答和否定回答都不用could。 肯定回答：Yes, I can./Sure./Of course./No problem./...  否定回答：Sorry, I’m afraid not./I’m sorry, I can’t. /I’m sorry, but.../Of course not. —Could you lend your computer to me? 你可以把你的电脑借给我吗? —Certainly. 当然可以。/Sorry, I’m afraid not. 对不起，恐怕不行。 （3）句型“Could I do...?”常用于委婉地请求许可，答语中用can，而不用could。 肯定回答：Yes, you can./Certainly./Sure. 否定回答：No, you can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t. —Could I have a look at your new watch? 我能看看你的新手表吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。/No, you can’t. 不，不行。 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 should shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 3. 情态动词表推测用法对比 情态动词 推测语气 适用场景 真题例句 must 强肯定，90%以上概率 有明确依据的肯定推测 【2025年河南中考】He has a headache and coughs a lot. He must have the flu. may/might 弱肯定，50%左右概率 无明确依据的可能性推测，might语气比may更弱 【2025年江苏苏州中考模拟】She may feel better after taking the medicine. can't 强否定，0%概率 有明确依据的否定推测 【2025年浙江杭州中考】He eats a lot and exercises every day. He can't be overweight. 二、（反身代词） 1. 反身代词的变化 反身代词形式 单数+self 词义 复数+selves 词义 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 themselves 他们/她们/它们 自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 【结构】 第一、二人称：形容词性物主代词+self/selves 第三人称：宾格+self/selves 2. 反身代词的用法 （1）作动词或介词的宾语 My brother can’t dress himself. 我弟弟不能自己穿衣服。(作动词的宾语) The old man lives by himself in the countryside. 这个老人一个人生活在乡下。（作介词的宾语） （2）作主语或宾语的同位语 此时表示强调，反身代词要重读。反身代词强调主语时，位置比较灵活。反身代词强调宾语时，应放在宾语之后。 I myself will present the prizes./I will present the prizes myself. 我本人将颁发奖品。(作主语的同位语) You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。(作宾语的同位语) （3）作表语 反身代词放在be、feel、look、seem等系动词之后作表语，可以用来描述身体或精神状态。 I’m not feeling myself today. I think I may have a cold. 今天我感觉不适。我想我可能感冒了。 3. 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 重点知识 1.—What's the matter ? —I have a really bad cold.（教材P15） 【用法详解】固定句型 What's the matter with sb.? 用于询问他人身体状况，同义表达为 What's wrong with sb.? ； have a cold 是固定搭配，类似短语有 have a fever/headache ，需注意 cold 前可加形容词修饰。 【即学即练】 1. —____? —I have a feeling that CO₂ is coming out of my breath. I feel very uncomfortable A. What’s the matter B. What’s the wrong C. What are you doing 【答案】A 2．朱迪怎么了？ with Judy? 【答案】 What’s the matter 2.I almost fell and hurt myself 伤到自己 【用法详解】hurt + 反身代词 表示“伤到自己”。反身代词有：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。 【即学即练】 1. He hurt ____ when he played football on the playground yesterday. A. him B. himself C. his 【答案】B 2．— Did you hurt _______ while _______ soccer? — No, I didn’t. A．you; playing B．yourself; playing C．yourself; play D．you;play 【答案】B 3．Judy打羽毛球时伤到了自己。 Judy badminton. 【答案】 hurt herself while (she was) playing 3. You should take some medicine and drink enough water。 你应该吃点药并且喝足够的水。 enough意为“足够的；足够地”，既可作形容词也可作副词。作形容词修饰名词时，放在名词的前面，作副词修饰形容词或副词时，放在所修饰词的后面。（名前形副后） 名前形副后 enough+名词 形容词/副词+enough 足够的钱 enough money 足够漂亮 beautiful enough Eg.Don’t worry! You have enough time to finish it. 别担心！你有充足的时间来完成它。 You should be careful enough when you cross the road. 过马路时你应该足够小心。 The player runs quickly enough. 这个运动员跑得足够快。 【即学即练】 1. The boy is only 7 years old. He isn’t ____ to take care of ____. A. old enough; himself B. enough old; himself C. old enough; him 【答案】A 4、Avoid soft drinks for now as the gas could make the ache worse.目前避免软饮料，因为气体可能会使疼痛加剧。（教材第13页2c) 【详解】avoid [动词] 避免；防止 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，但是不能接动词不定式作宾语。 »We should avoid the same mistake. 我们应该避免相同的错误。 »He avoided answering my questions. 他对我的问题避而不答。 【即学即练】 1．To keep healthy, you’d better avoid (eat) unhealthy snacks every day. 【答案】eating 2．To (避免) mistakes, check your papers before handing them in. 【答案】avoid 3．You’d better avoid ________ too much time on computer games. It’s bad for your eyes. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 【答案】C 5、Accidents can happen when we're careless.当我们粗心时，事故就可能发生。（教材第13页2c) 【详解】careless [形容词] 不小心的；粗心的通常在句中作定语或表语，其反义词为careful“细心的；认真的”。副词为carelessly“粗心地”。 »He made a careless mistake in the maths exam. 他在数学考试中犯了一个粗心的错误。 »They lost the game because they were careless. 他们因为不小心，所以输掉了比赛。 【即学即练】 1．If he wasn’t so (粗心的) while driving, the accident would not happen. 【答案】careless 2．He was so (care) that he made many mistakes in the exam. 【答案】careless 6. He was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt. 他离平底锅太近了，以至于火苗窜到了他的衬衫上。 【用法详解】🗹重点：so...that... 引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。结构为：so + adj./adv. + that + 从句。 【易混辨析】so...that... 与 such...that... - so + 形容词/副词 + that... - such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that... 【即学即练】 1．Alex was so (care) that he lost his passport. 【答案】careless 7. Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much worse! 多亏了他在学校上的急救和安全课，他知道水会让油火更糟！ 【用法详解】🗹重点：Thanks to... 是一个介词短语，意为“多亏了，由于”，后接名词或代词，表示原因，通常引出积极的原因或因素。 【易混辨析】thanks to 与 thanks for thanks to 多亏；由于 介词to后跟表示感谢的对象，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式 thanks for 因……而感谢 介词for后跟感谢的原因，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式 Eg. Thanks to you, I am not lost. 幸亏你我才没迷路。 Eg. Thanks for sending me such a nice present. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。 8.Patient病人（教材第14页3d) 【详解】patient ① [名词] 病人 »The patient feels much better now. 那个病人现在感觉好多了。 ② [形容词] 有耐心的 　常见搭配：be patient with sb意为“对某人有耐心”；be patient of sth忍耐某事。其反义词是impatient“没有耐心的”；副词形式为patiently“耐心地”。 »You'll just have to be patient. 你只能耐心点。 »We should be patient with them. 我们应该对他们有耐心。 » You should learn to be patient of pains. 你应该学会忍受痛苦。 【即学即练】 1．Laura hoped we could be (有耐心的) when facing difficult tasks. 【答案】patient 2、(武威中考)My teacher always offers us help_____________(patient). 【答案】 patiently。 3．Ms. Zhou is very ________ with us when we ask for questions. We all love her. A．patient B．quick C．tight D．bruised 【答案】A 9、Her clearest memory is not of the race itself, but the terrible pain in her legs the next day.她最清晰的记忆不是那场比赛本身，而是第二天腿部的剧烈疼痛。（教材第15页4b) 【详解】(1)clear ① [形容词] 清晰的；清楚的 »He is clear in his speech. 他谈吐清晰。 »Now everything is very clear. 现在一切都很明显了。 ② [动词] 清理 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，常用短语：clear out“清理；丢掉”。 » They are clearing (out) the snow from the street. 他们正清理街道上的雪。 »She cleared out all her old clothes.她扔掉了所有的旧衣服。 【即学即练】 1．Please speak more slowly—your explanation is not (清楚的) enough for us to understand. 【答案】clear 2．The photos of the trip are not very (清晰的). 【答案】clear 3．There are some bricks on the road. Let’s 　　　them, or there may be traffic accidents. A．test B．clear C．bleed D．smoke 【答案】B (2)pain [名词] 疼痛；痛苦 » We must not forget the pain when the wound has healed.我们不要好了伤疤忘了疼。 【辨析】pain 与ache pain 指肉体上的剧痛或精神上的痛苦，通常不直接与表示身体部位的名词连用，而用“have a pain in the/形容词性物主代词+表示身体部位的名词”表达 ache 常指连续的、局部的疼痛，常和表示身体部位的词连用，构成复合词，如 headache(头痛) »My grandma has a pain in the knee. 我奶奶膝盖痛。 »I have a toothache. 我牙疼。 【即学即练】 1．It is really exciting to see patients in p (痛苦) leave with joy after treatment (治疗). 【答案】(p)ain 2. —I have a bad ____. What should I do? —You should see a dentist. A. headache B. toothache C. stomachache 【答案】B 10、Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken.然后，他打开炉灶，在准备鸡肉的时候让油加热。（教材第16页1b) 【详解】turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 多指通过触碰、旋转等小幅度的动作打开电器的开关。其反义词组是turn off,意为“关掉；关闭（设备）”。 »Don't forget to turn on the gas when you start cooking. 　开始做饭时别忘了打开煤气。 »My mother asked me to turn off the TV and go to bed. 　我妈妈让我关掉电视上床睡觉。 【拓展】与turn有关的其他常用短语turn up 调大；调高 turn down 调小；调低»Could you please turn the TV up? 请你把电视的音量调大点好吗？ »Turn down the radio, please. 请把收音机的音量调小点。 【辨析】turn on 与open turn on 指打开水龙头、煤气、电灯、电视等，其反义词组为turn off open 指打开门、窗、箱子、盒子、抽屉、书等，其反义词为close 【即学即练】 1、(2024长春中考)—Mum, could I ___________the TV? I want to watch the news about space. 　　-Of course. And don't sit too close. A. turn on B. turn off C. put on D. put off 【答案】A。 2．她问妈妈是否可以打开收音机。 She asked her mum if she could the radio. 【答案】 turn on 11、James cried out and threw himself to the floor.詹姆斯大叫起来，扑倒在地上。（教材第16页1b) 【详解】throw [动词] 猛动身体（部位）；扔；抛 其过去式是threw,过去分词是 thrown。常见搭配：throw away意为“扔掉；错过”；throw down 意为“扔下；随手丢下”。 »The boys were throwing stones into the river. 男孩们正在往河里扔石头。 »Recycling is good, so don't throw away bottles or newspapers. 　回收利用很好，所以不要扔掉瓶子和报纸。 »He threw down the bag and went out.他扔下包就出去了。 【拓展】 throw sth to sb 将某物扔向某人（不含恶意） throw sth at sb用某物砸某人（含恶意，带有攻击性） »Don't throw it to him; give it to him! 别扔给他，递给他！ »Don't throw stones at the poor bird!　不要向那只可怜的鸟扔石头！ 【即学即练】 1．At Samuel’s birthday party, the host (扔) small gifts to the excited children. 【答案】threw 2．She (throw) the ball up and caught it again. 【答案】threw 3．守门员飞身扑倒在地，完成了一次不可思议的扑救。 The goalkeeper and made an incredible save. 【答案】 threw himself to the ground  12、“Get water, quick!”he shouted.“快拿水来！”他喊道。（教材第16页1b) 【详解】quick ① [副词] 迅速地；快速地 通常用于非正式场合或口语中，多位于动词后。 »Run quick! The bus is leaving. 快跑！公共汽车要开了。 »Come as quick as you can!你尽快过来吧！ ② [形容词] 快的；迅速的 通常位于名词前作定语，或者位于系动词后作表语。 » He had a quick breakfast and went to school. 他迅速吃了早饭然后去上学了。 »Be quick! We're late for school. 快点！我们上学要迟到了。 【拓展】quickly [副词] 迅速地 » She quickly eats a piece of bread, takes her bag and jacket, and runs to school. 　　她迅速吃了一片面包,拿起包和外套,然后跑向学校。 【即学即练】 1、 (2024 云南中考) China's Beidou system has developed________and it plays an 　　important role in many fields. (quick) 【答案】quickly. 13、Don't lie down for too long as it could make your back feel.(harmful/sore)不要躺太久，因为这会让你的背感到酸痛。（有害的/酸痛的）（教材第18页2b) 【详解】(1)lie [动词] 平躺；平放 常见搭配：lie down意为“平躺；平卧”。 »Go and lie down for a while. 去躺一会儿吧。 【拓展】lie的不同含义及词形变化过去分词 单词 词性 词义 动词-ing 形式 过去式 lie 动词 平躺；平放 lying lay lain 说谎 lying lied lied 名词 谎言 / / / »I found her lying on the ground. 我发现她躺在地上。 » I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。 »You mustn't tel lies. 你不许说谎。 【即学即练】 1．—Why are you so angry, Mrs. Smith? —My son ________ in bed all the morning and did nothing, but he ________ to me about that. A．lied; lied B．lay; lay C．lied; lay D．lay; lied 【答案】D 2．When the teacher asked why she didn’t finish her homework, Lily ________ that she was sick and ________ in bed all morning. But her deskmate saw her playing outside. A．lied; lie B．lied; lay C．lay; lied D．lay; lay 【答案】B 3．他一躺下就睡着了。 He fell asleep as soon as he  . 【答案】 lay  down (2)harmful[形容词]有害的 　常见搭配：be harmful to 意为“对···有害”，相当于 do harm to或 be bad for。其反义短语是 be good for,意为“对·有好处”。 » Playing mobile phones for a long time is harmful to eyes.长时间玩手机对眼睛有害。 » Freezing weather is harmful to orange trees.　冰冻天气对橙子树是有害的。 【即学即练】 1．制造噪声对人们的听力有害。 Making noise people’s hearing. 【答案】 is harmful to 2．Don’t use earphones for a long time. It’s ________ to your ears. A．careless B．harmful C．clear D．single 【答案】B 14、Suddenly, something hit her hard and threw her to the ground. 突然，有东西重重地撞到了她，把她摔倒在地上。（教材第18页2c) 【详解】hit ☆ ① [动词] 碰撞；击；打 其过去式和过去分词都是 hit。常用结构：hit sb on/in+the+表示身体部位的名词，意为“击中某人的某个部位”。当所打部位较硬（如head、nose、back等）时，用介词on;当所打部位较软（如eye、mouth、face、stomach 等)时，则用介词 in。 » A bird hit the window and flew away quickly.　一只鸟撞到窗户后迅速飞走了。 »The bullet hit him on the back. 子弹击中了他的后背。 » She swung her arm and hit me in the face.　她挥起手臂，打了我一个耳光。 ② [名词] 打；击；击中 » He gave the door a hard hit with his fist.　他用拳头重重地捶了一下门。 » The ball made a loud hit on the window.　球重重地打在窗户上。 【即学即练】 1．A white car (碰撞) a little boy on the corner of the street last night. 【答案】hit 15.IYou'd better not stay up late or eat junk food too often.（教材P20） 解析： had better (not) + 动词原形 表“最好（不）做某事”，语气比 should 更强，用于给出直接建议； stay up late 意为“熬夜”， junk food 是不可数名词短语，无复数形式。 1．You’d better ________ the patient ________ about her trouble. A．to ask, myself B．to ask, himself C．ask, herself D．ask, ourselves 【答案】C 16.Why don't you drink some hot tea with honey?（教材P17） 解析： Why don't you + 动词原形? =  Why not + 动词原形? ，用于提出委婉建议，回答常用 Good idea!/That sounds good. ； with honey 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 hot tea 。 【即学即练】 1. —Why don’t you ____? It’s a good way to relax. —That’s a good idea. A. take a walk B. taking a walk C. took a walk 【答案】A 17.It's important to have a balanced diet and take regular exercise.（教材P18） 解析：固定句型 It's + 形容词 + to do sth. ， it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语； balanced diet 意为“均衡饮食”， regular exercise 意为“规律运动”，均为健康话题高频短语。 18.II'm writing to ask for your advice because I've been suffering from a stomachache for three days. 解析： write to do sth. 意为“写信做某事”； ask for advice 是“寻求建议”的固定表达； have been suffering 是现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在，可能还会继续。 19. I have a runny nose and a fever. 我流鼻涕还发烧。 【用法详解】描述症状的常用句型：have a + 症状名词。 常见症状：a cough（咳嗽），a sore throat（喉咙痛），a headache（头痛），a fever（发烧）。 【用法详解】have a/an +疾病名称 感冒 发烧 咳嗽 have a/an +身体部位-ache 头痛 胃痛 牙痛 have a sore +身体部位 背疼 喉咙疼 主语+hurt (s) / cut (s) + 身体部位 / 反身代词 He hurts himself. 患病的表达方式 【即学即练】 1．David ____ a stomachache. So he ____ eat anything 24 hours. A．has, should B．has , shouldn't C．have, shouldn’t D．has, shouldn’t 【答案】D 2．—What’s the matter with you, Tom? —I have a ________. I need to see a dentist. A．headache B．toothache C．stomachache D．fever 【答案】B 20.I'm suffering from a very bad headache.suffer from 遭受...之苦 【即学即练】 1．即使后来遭受病痛的折磨甚至双目失明，他也没有停止战斗。 Although he and even lost his sight, he didn’t stop fighting. 【答案】suffered from illness 3．—Smoking is bad for people's health. —That's true. A report says that lots of smokers are _______a lung(肺) disease. A．suffering from B．turning on C．stopping short D． 【答案】A 书面表达 1、 写作主题 保持健康 2、 主题分析 本单元的主题是“保持健康”,要求学生能够运用相关词汇和表达,谈论健康问题、提供建议。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①描述健康问题与身体状况;②针对不适症状给出合理建议;③分析日常生活中的安全隐患,并讨论预防措施。 在中考书面表达中与此主题相关的命题形式较为多样,例如通过撰写建议信、演讲稿等向同龄人发出倡议,内容需列举具体防护措施,并表达共同守护健康的期望,体现实用性与号召力。 三、写作积累 （一）.常用的词汇： ①疾病与不适：sore throat, headache, stomachache, toothache, backache, nosebleed, fever, cold, cough, stress ②饮食健康：balanced diet, fresh fruit/vegetables, junk food, healthy snacks, avoid sugar/oil/salt ③运动健身：exercise regularly, take exercise, run, swim, play basketball, keep fit ④作息健康：early to bed and early to rise, sleep 8-9 hours a day, stay up late, have a good rest ⑤建议与行动：advise, suggest, improve, relax, drink plenty of water, take medicine, stop...from doing 短语：①put something warm on your stomach 在胃部放些暖和的东西 ②see a dentist 看牙医 ③drink some water with honey 喝些蜂蜜水 ④take your temperature 量体温 ⑤take good care of 好好照顾 ⑥get an X-ray 拍X光 ⑦keep a healthy lifestyle 保持健康的生活方式 ⑧take care of one’s health 关心自己的健康 ⑨have a physical examination 体检 ⑩get enough sleep 获得充足睡眠 ⑪reduce stress 减轻压力 ⑫stay away from 远离（垃圾食品/熬夜） ⑬follow the doctor’s advice 遵循医生的建议 （二）.常用的句型句式： 1、观点类： ①I think it’s.... ②In my opinion,... 例句：It's very important for us to stay healthy. Staying healthy can help us study better. 2、询问病情： ① What’s wrong with you? ② How long have you felt like this? ③ Did you have any bad habits recently? 3、描述影响： ① Staying up late makes you tired and weak. ② Eating too much junk food leads to illness. ③ Regular exercise helps you stay energetic. 4、建议类： ① You should/shouldn’t do sth. ② Why not do sth.? ③ It’s a good idea to do sth. ④ You’d better do sth. ⑤ Don’t do sth. 例句：We should eat more vegetables and less junk food. It's a good idea to exercise for 30 minutes every day. Don't stay up late because it's bad for our health. 5、原因类： ①Eating fruit is good for our body because it provides vitamins. ②We feel tired easily if we don't get enough sleep. 6、总结类： ①In short, healthy habits can make us strong and happy. ②If we follow these suggestions, we will stay healthy. ③To stay healthy, we need to balance diet, exercise and rest. ④ In my opinion, health is more important than wealth. 4、 写作步骤 1.审题 1）体裁:说明文    2）时态:一般现在时    3）人称:以第二、三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①wash them often with soap 经常用肥皂洗它们     ②stop the virus from spreading 阻止病毒传播　 ③do sports regularly 定期运动　 ④avoid crowded places 避免去拥挤的地方 ⑤It’s important for us to take steps to stay healthy. 对我们来说, 采取措施保持健康很重要。 ⑥In short, small habits make a big difference. 总之,小习惯会产生大的影响。 2.谋篇布局 五、例题精讲 假设你是李华,最近有许多人感染了甲型流感病毒 (influenza A virus)。请你根据以下表格中的提示,以“How to prevent the influenza A virus”为题,谈谈我们应该怎样预防甲 型流感病毒。 How to prevent the influenza A virus wash our hands often do some sports, such as... wear masks (口罩) eat healthy food and drink more water 要求:1.参考提示内容,可适当发挥; 2.语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等); 4.词数不少于80。(开头已给出,但不计入总词数) How to prevent the influenza A virus Many people have the influenza A virus these days. What should we do to prevent it? _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【精彩例文】 How to prevent the influenza A virus Many people have the influenza A virus these days. What should we do to prevent it? It’s important for us to take steps to stay healthy. First, keep hands clean. Wash them often with soap, especially before eating and after touching public things. Second, wear masks in busy places. They can help stop the virus from spreading. Also, do sports regularly, like walking or playing basketball, to make our bodies strong. Eating healthy food like fruits and vegetables, and drinking more water are good too. Try not to stay close to people who are sick, and avoid crowded places when possible. In short, small habits make a big difference. Following these tips can protect us and others. Let's take care of ourselves and stay away from the virus. 当堂训练 1、 单项选择。 1．The doctor advised him ________ more water and avoid strenuous exercise. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drinks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生建议他多喝水，避免剧烈运动。 考查非谓语动词。drink喝，动词原形；to drink喝，不定式形式；drinking喝，现在分词或动名词形式；drinks喝，第三人称单数形式。根据“advised him…more water”可知，此处是“advise sb. to do sth.”结构，意为“建议某人做某事”，故选B。 2．—Smoking is bad for people's health. —That's true. A report says that lots of smokers are _______a lung(肺) disease. A．suffering from B．turning on C．stopping short D． 【答案】A 【详解】句意“-吸烟对健康有坏处。-对的，一个报道称许多吸烟者正在遭受癌症”。 考查短语辨析。suffer from遭受；turn on打开；接通；stop short突然停住；putting out扑灭，熄灭。根据句意可知，表示“遭受”，故选A。 3. You shouldn’t eat ____ food if you want to keep healthy. A. too much B. too many C. much too 【答案】 A 【解析】too much后接不可数名词，too many后接可数名词复数，much too后接形容词/副词；food是不可数名词，故选A。 4．—How do you make your report more convincing? —I use a lot of ________ from the survey. A．data B．message C．suggestion D．reason 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你怎么让你的报告更有说服力？——我用了很多来自调查的数据。 考查名词辨析。data数据；message信息；suggestion建议；reason原因。根据“from the survey”可知，调查通常提供的是数据或事实，且“a lot of”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，data作为“数据”时常用作不可数名词，符合语境。故选A。 5．If they ________ early, they will catch the first bus to the hospital. A．leave B．will leave C．left D．leaves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果他们早点离开，他们将赶上去医院的第一班车。 考查if引导的条件状语从句的时态。leave出发，离开(动词原形)；will leave将要出发(leave的一般将来时)；left出发了(leave的一般过去时)；leaves出发，离开(leave的第三人称单数形式)。根据“If they … early, they will catch the first bus to the hospital.”此句的句型是if引导的条件状语从句，后面的动词应用原形“leave”，故选A。 6. —Why don’t you ____? It’s a good way to relax. —That’s a good idea. A. take a walk B. taking a walk C. took a walk 【答案】A 【解析】Why don’t you后接动词原形，take a walk是固定短语，故选A。 7．He spent two hours ________ in the park yesterday afternoon. A．jog B．jogging C．to jog D．jogged 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天下午他花了两个小时在公园里慢跑。 考查动词短语。jog慢跑，动词原形；jogging慢跑，动名词/现在分词；to jog慢跑，动词不定式；jogged慢跑，过去式。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，其中in可省略，后面接动名词形式。故选B。 8．The doctor advised him ________ more water and avoid strenuous exercise. A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drinks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生建议他多喝水，避免剧烈运动。 考查非谓语动词。drink喝，动词原形；to drink喝，不定式形式；drinking喝，现在分词或动名词形式；drinks喝，第三人称单数形式。根据“advised him…more water”可知，此处是“advise sb. to do sth.”结构，意为“建议某人做某事”，故选B。 9．You’d better ________ smoking—it’s harmful to your lungs. A．give up B．give in C．give out D．give away 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你最好戒烟——这对你的肺有害。 考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃、戒除；give in屈服、让步；give out分发、耗尽；give away赠送、泄露。根据“it’s harmful to your lungs”可知，此处是建议戒烟，应使用give up。故选A。 10. The boy is only 7 years old. He isn’t ____ to take care of ____. A. old enough; himself B. enough old; himself C. old enough; him 【答案】A 【解析】enough修饰形容词时放形容词后，排除B；take care of oneself表示“照顾自己”，主语是he，反身代词用himself，故选A。 11．— Is your sister feeling better today? — No, she still coughs ________ and can’t sleep well at night. A．quietly B．easily C．badly D．happily 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你妹妹今天感觉好些了吗？——没有，她仍然咳嗽得厉害，晚上睡不好。 考查副词辨析。quietly安静地；easily容易地；badly严重地；happily开心地。根据答语“can’t sleep well at night”可知，咳嗽严重才会影响睡眠，故选C。 12．—Mum, can I go swimming in the river? —________! It’s too dangerous. A．No way B．Good idea C．With pleasure D．Never mind 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以去河里游泳吗？——不行！太危险了。 考查情境交际用语。No way不行/没门；Good idea好主意；With pleasure乐意效劳；Never mind没关系。根据答语“It’s too dangerous.”可知，妈妈认为河里游泳很危险，因此应表示拒绝。故选A。 二、根据所给汉语、首字母和句意完成填空。 1．The children are playing on the beach (高兴地). 【答案】happily 【详解】句意：孩子们在沙滩上快乐地玩耍。happily“高兴地”，副词修饰动词playing。故填happily。 2．Hearing the terrible news, we all sat down (伤心地). 【答案】sadly 【详解】句意：听到这个可怕的消息，我们都伤心地坐了下来。根据所给汉语意思可知，应该填的是副词sadly“伤心地”修饰动词sat，故填sadly。 3．You should stop (抽烟), because it’s bad for your health. 【答案】smoking 【详解】句意：你应该戒烟，因为它对你的健康有害。smoke“抽烟”，是动词，此处是stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，smoke的动名词形式为smoking。故填smoking。 4．If he wasn’t so (粗心的) while driving, the accident would not happen. 【答案】careless 【详解】句意：如果他开车时不是那么粗心的话，事故就不会发生了。“粗心的”为careless。根据“If he wasn’t so”可知，横线处填形容词，作表语。故填careless。 5．You should (检查) your bag and passport before getting into the airport. 【答案】check 【详解】句意：在进入机场前，你应该检查你的包和护照。check“检查”，should后跟动词原形。故填check。 6．My finger is (流血). Can you help me deal with it? 【答案】bleeding 【详解】句意：我的手指在流血。你能帮我处理一下吗？根据汉语可知，应填bleed“流血”；根据“Can you help me deal with it?”可知，手指“正在流血”，时态应用现在进行时，bleed的现在分词为bleeding。故填bleeding。 7．The photos of the trip are not very (清晰的). 【答案】clear 【详解】句意：这次旅行的照片不是很清楚。根据所给中文提示可知，clear“清晰的”，形容词作句子的表语，故填clear。 8．To (避免) mistakes, check your papers before handing them in. 【答案】avoid 【详解】句意：为了避免错误，在交卷之前要检查你的试卷。根据“To…mistakes”可知，横线处需填动词原形，避免“avoid”，动词，且to后跟动词原形构成不定式作目的状语。故填avoid。 9．Drinking too much cola can do a lot of h (伤害) to your health. 【答案】(h)arm 【详解】句意：喝太多可乐会对你的健康造成很大伤害。根据汉语提示 “伤害” 和首字母可知，此处应用名词harm 。“do harm to...”是固定短语，意为“对……造成伤害”，harm在句中作do的宾语。故填(h)arm。 10．It is really exciting to see patients in p (痛苦) leave with joy after treatment (治疗). 【答案】(p)ain 【详解】句意：看到痛苦的病人在治疗后带着喜悦离开真是令人兴奋。结合首字母和汉语提示，pain表示“痛苦”是不可数名词；设空处作介词in的宾语，需用名词。故填(p)ain。 11.Her __________(发烧) didn't go down until she took the medicine prescribed by the doctor. 【答案】 fever 12.The nurse took good care of the __________(病人) in the ward day and night. 【答案】patients 13.You must take the __________(药) on time as the doctor told you. 【答案】 medicine 14.His arm was __________(受了瘀伤的) when he fell down the stairs, but there was no serious injury. 【答案】bruised 15.A clean and tidy __________(环境) is very important for the recovery of patients. 【答案】environment 16.The doctor __________(敲击) the patient's knee gently to check his nerve reflexes. 【答案】 hit 17.She __________(猛动身体;扔) her arms around her father happily when she saw him after a long time. 【答案】threw 18. Parenting (养育) is like walking on a ________ (紧的) rope—you need to be careful. 【答案】 tight 19. If you are ________ (过敏的) to animal fur, hairless cats will make a good pet. 【答案】allergic 20. Please remember ________ (邀请) all your classmates to the meeting tomorrow. 【答案】 invite 21. The sick little girl l________ on the bed all day until her fever was gone. 【答案】 lay 22. Be careful with the k_________ in the kitchen, it may cut your fingers. 【答案】 knife 23. The sun gives us light and b_________, making the world warm and lively. 【答案】 brightness 24. Walk along the street and c_________ the bridge, you'll find the bank on your left. 【答案】cross 25. Many wild animals s_________ from hunger and cold in winter if people don't help them. 【答案】1. suffer 三、根据句意提示，填写出单词的适当形式。 1．They are enjoying (them) at the beach. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：他们正在海滩上尽情享受着。enjoy oneself表示“玩得高兴”，此空应填them对应的反身代词themselves，故填themselves。 2．She (throw) the ball up and caught it again. 【答案】threw 【详解】句意：她把球扔了起来，又接住了。根据“caught”可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，且and表示并列，故应用throw“扔”的过去式为threw。故填threw。 3．Tom went home (sad) because he failed the exam. 【答案】sadly 【详解】句意：汤姆因为考试不及格而伤心地回家了。此处修饰动词用副词sadly“伤心地”。故填sadly。 4. Don’t eat too much junk food. It’s ________ (harm) to your health. 【答案】harmful 5. Bill didn’t finish the work because he had a terrible ________ (head). 【答案】headache 四、 按要求改写句子。 1．由于野生动物的数量越来越少，政府必须阻止人们伤害动物。 As there are fewer and fewer wild animals, the government must animals. 【答案】stop humans from hurting 2．她昨天说了太多话，没有喝足够的水。她现在嗓子疼。 She talked yesterday and didn’t drink enough water. She now. 【答案】too much ; has a sore throat 3．她问妈妈是否可以打开收音机。 She asked her mum if she could the radio. 【答案】 turn on 【详解】通过中英文句子对照可知，英文句子中需要翻译的部分是“打开”，根据给出的空格数目，可知用turn on，固定词组，could为情态动词，后接动词原形，故填turn；on。 4．他正准备载他儿子一程的时候，突然接到了一个电话。 (完成译句) He give his son a ride when he suddenly received a call. 【答案】 was about to 【详解】短语be about to do sth.表示“将要做某事”，根据后文received应该使用一般过去时，故填was；about；to。 5. 他的朋友们立刻行动起来，迅速将他送往医院。 His friends ________ ________ ________ and took him to the hospital at once. 【答案】 jumped into action 6. 医生向他询问了一些问题，并给了他一些建议。 The doctor asked him some questions and ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】gave him some advice 7. 每晚躺下后,我总通过书籍沉浸于想象的世界中。 Every night after I ________ ________, I lose myself in a world of imagination through books. 【答案】lie down 8. 这位年轻运动员熟练地将经验丰富的对手摔倒在地，夺得了金牌。 The young athlete skillfully ________ his experienced rival ________ ________ ________ and secured the gold medal. 【答案】 threw; to the ground 9. 你可能发烧了，让我来测量一下你的体温。 You may have a fever, so let me ________ ________ ________. 【答案】take your temperature 10. 没有什么困难能阻止我们成为更好的人。 There aren’t any difficulties that can ________ us ________ ________ into better people. 【答案】stop; from growing 11．Tom离湖太近了以至于他差点掉了下去。 Tom was the lake he almost fell into it. 【答案】so close to ; that 12.刘先生知道怎么照顾他的健康因为他过去自己就是一名医生。 Mr Liu knows how to _________ ________ ________ his health,because he used to be a doctor _________. 【答案】 take care of；himself 13．幸运的是，Lucy没有受严重的伤。 , Lucy didn't . 【答案】Fortunately/Luckily, suffer any serious injuries 14．更重要的是，我的榜样教会我如何成为积极的人。 , my role model shows me how to be a positive person. 【答案】 What’s more 15. 有些孩子写字时按压得非常用力。 Some kids ________ ________ really hard when they write. 【答案】press down 5、 语法填空 According to the latest data from China CDC (疾控中心), the flu virus positive rate among outpatient (门诊) and emergency (急诊) influenza-like cases in China has reached 44.8%, showing a continuous upward trend for seven weeks. It’s reported that 23 provinces are in a medium level, while some have entered a high level, with the north and south both seeing rapid growth. The main popular strain (毒株) this round is influenza A(H3N2), which 1 (spread) widely recently. Teenagers aged 5-14 are the main affected group, and over 80% of clustered outbreaks (群体感染) 2 (happen) in schools and kindergartens. Experts suggest that people 3 (strengthen) personal protection, such as 4 (wear) masks in crowded places and washing hands with soap regularly. Flu symptoms usually include fever, cough, sore throat, headache and body aches. For those with mild (轻微的) symptoms, getting enough rest and drinking plenty of water 5 (be) helpful. However, high-risk groups (高危人群) like the elderly and patients with chronic diseases (慢性病) must seek medical advice 6 time if they develop symptoms (症状). vaccination (接种疫苗) is 7 effective way to prevent the flu. People without health problems are advised 8 (get) vaccinated as soon as possible. It’s also important to open windows often to let fresh air in and keep a balanced diet to build immunity. Besides, avoiding close contact with flu patients can reduce the risk of 9 (catch) the virus. When you feel unwell, remember to stay at home and rest to avoid spreading the flu to 10 (other). 【答案】 1．has spread 2．happen 3．should strengthen/strengthen 4．wearing 5．are 6．in 7．an 8．to get 9．catching 10．others 【导语】本文讲述了近期我国甲型流感呈现高发状态，并就此提出了一些预防方法。 1．句意：这一轮的主要流行毒株是最近广泛传播的甲型流感（H3N2）。根据“recently”可知，此处是说这种毒株最近已经广泛传播，应用现在完成时，其构成为“has/have done”，“which”所修饰的先行词为“The main popular strain”，为第三人称单数，用has构成时态。故填has spread。 2．句意：5至14岁的青少年是主要感染人群，超过80%的群体感染发生在学校和幼儿园。根据“Teenagers aged 5-14 are the main affected group”可知，此处说的是发生在现在的事情，用一般现在时，主语“over 80% of clustered outbreaks”为复数，happen用原形。故填happen。 3．句意：专家建议，人们应该加强个人防护，比如在人多的地方戴口罩，经常用肥皂洗手。根据“Experts suggest”可知，此处是说建议人们应该做某事，从句中使用虚拟语气，由“should+动词原形”构成，should也可省略。故填should strengthen/strengthen。 4．句意：专家建议，人们应该加强个人防护，比如在人多的地方戴口罩，经常用肥皂洗手。句中“such as”是用来举例的，常跟名词短语，应用动词wear的动名词wearing，故填wearing。 5．句意：对于那些症状轻微的人来说，充分休息和多喝水是有帮助的。此句为一般现在时，主语“getting enough rest and drinking plenty of water”为两件事，表示复数，be动词用are。故填are。 6．句意：然而，高风险人群（如老年人和慢性病患者）如果出现症状，必须及时寻求医疗建议。根据“if they develop symptoms”可知，此处是说如果这些人出现症状，需要及时求医，in time“及时”。故填in。 7．句意：接种疫苗是预防流感的一种有效方法。句中“way”为单数，且表示泛指，“effective”以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故填an。 8．句意：没有健康问题的人建议尽快接种疫苗。根据“People without health problem are advised”可知，此处是说没有健康问题的人被建议尽快接种疫苗，advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，故填to get。 9．句意：此外，避免与流感患者密切接触可以降低感染病毒的风险。句中“of”为介词，后面跟动名词作宾语，the risk of doing“做……的风险”，故填catching。 10．句意：当你感到不适时，记得待在家里休息，以免把流感传染给别人。根据“remember to stay at home and rest”可知，此处是说避免把流感传染给别人。others“其他人”。故填others。 六．阅读理解。 ①Healthy eating habits along with regular (有规律的) exercise are the best way to become fit. If you have enough energy and exercise regularly, you will lose weight, keep fit, and feel great, too. ②During your teenage years, it is important to give your body the energy it needs—it’s good for your growth. If you don’t have meals, you won’t get enough calories, and then you will feel tired. About 50% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water, 6 to 8 glasses a day. Water helps keep your system clean. Drinking enough water will make your skin better and make you healthy. ③Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Doctors suggest that teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week. That is easy to do! You can walk or ride your bike to school, and do sports at school. However, teenagers often don’t do that, saying they have no time left after their studies. In fact, doing exercise can help them sleep better at night and pay more attention to their studies. ④If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much better and become fit. 1．What does the underlined word “calories” mean according to the passage? A．Water. B．Bread. C．Rice. D．Energy. 2．According to this passage, teenagers should spend at least ________ minutes exercising a week. A．30 B．50 C．150 D．350 3．What’s the structure (结构) of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ③=Paragraph 3,...) A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How to Eat Food. B．How to Exercise. C．How to Keep Healthy. D．How to Lose Weight. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了健康的饮食习惯和有规律的锻炼，能够使你保持健康，而且精神非常好。 1．词句猜测题。根据“If you don’t have meals, you won’t get enough calories, and then you will feel tired.”可知，calories指的是不吃饭就无法获得的物质，且缺少会导致人感到疲惫。结合选项可推知，calories意为energy“能量”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Doctors suggest that teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week.”可知，医生建议青少年每天至少运动30分钟，每周五次，因此一周至少运动：30×5＝150分钟。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引入总体观点——健康饮食和运动；第二段和第三段分别详述饮食与运动的重要性；第四段总结。因此是总分总结构。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。文章的核心主题是如何通过健康饮食和适度运动来保持健康，选项C“How to Keep Healthy”（如何保持健康）是最佳标题。故选C。 七、任务型阅读 We usually go to see a doctor when we are ill. Doctors may give us some medicine, and the medicine often makes us feel better. But sometimes the doctor’s medicine doesn’t work. This happened to one man, Thomas Smith. He was ill in hospital, but he wasn’t getting well. Then he found a new “doctor” inside himself. He saw funny films. He read funny books. And something wonderful happened. Laughing took away his pain after half a year. He could have a good night’s rest. His own happy feeling helped him get well again. He wrote his story in his book. He said laughing was very useful. It was the best “medicine”. Another man, Simon Beck, was also ill, and he had a serious pain in his back. The doctor couldn’t stop it, so the man began to “picture” his pain. In his head he “drew” a picture of a dog. He imagined it to be a real dog. And it was hurting him. Then the man talked softly to the dog. He put his hand on the dog’s head and made friends with it. One year later, his pain went away! These stories may surprise you, but more and more people are getting well in this way. So call on the “doctor” inside your mind, and keep happy and well! 1．What may doctors give us when we are ill? 2．According to Thomas Smith, what was the best “medicine”? 3．What did Simon Beck begin to do when the doctor couldn’t stop his pain? 4．Do you agree with the idea in the passage? Why or why not? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．Some medicine. 2．Laughing. 3．He began to “picture” his pain. 4．Yes, I do. Laughing is very useful and it is the best “medicine”, because laughing can make people’s mind so relaxed and happy that they can forget everything sad or worried. 【导语】本文通过托马斯・史密斯以欢笑缓解病痛、西蒙・贝克用想象摆脱背痛的两个事例，说明积极的心态是治愈身体不适的有效方法。 1．根据短文第一段中“Doctors may give us some medicine, and the medicine often makes us feel better.”可知，我们生病时，医生可能会给我们开一些药。故填Some medicine. 2．根据短文第二段中“He said laughing was very useful. It was the best ‘medicine’”可知，托马斯认为欢笑十分有效，是一剂绝佳的“良药”。故填Laughing. 3．根据短文第三段中“The doctor couldn’t stop it, so the man began to ‘picture’ his pain”可知，西蒙他开始在脑海中“描绘” 自己的疼痛。故填He began to “picture” his pain. 4．本题为开放性题目，答案不唯一，结合自身理解，合理作答即可。示例：Yes, I do. Laughing is very useful and it is the best “medicine”, because laughing can make people’s mind so relaxed and happy that they can forget everything sad or worried. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $