内容正文:
2026 年中考英语长难句训练(3)
原句:After my cousin joined the volunteer group that helps the elderly, she realized that the kindness we show to others can warm the hearts of those who live alone.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处)
句中 "that helps the elderly" 是______从句,引导词是______,它修饰的先行词是______。
"that the kindness we show to others can warm the hearts" 是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
"we show to others" 是______从句,修饰的名词是______,关系代词在从句中作______成分(已省略);"who live alone" 是______从句,修饰的名词是______,关系代词在从句中作______成分。
句首 "After my cousin joined the volunteer group" 是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系。
主句的主语是______,谓语动词是______。
整个句子中包含______种类型的从句。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;that;volunteer group解析:"that helps the elderly" 是定语从句,关系代词 that 指代先行词 "volunteer group",在从句中作主语,说明志愿团体的功能(帮助老人)。
答案:宾语;that;宾语解析:"that the kindness we show to others can warm the hearts" 是宾语从句,由 that 引导,作主句谓语动词 "realized" 的宾语,说明表姐意识到的内容。
答案:定语;kindness;宾语;定语;those;主语解析:"we show to others" 是省略关系代词的定语从句,完整形式为 "that/which we show to others",修饰 "kindness",关系代词作 "show" 的宾语;"who live alone" 是定语从句,关系代词 who 指代 "those",在从句中作主语,限定 “独居的人”。
答案:时间状语;After;时间解析:"After my cousin joined the volunteer group" 是时间状语从句,由连词 After 引导,说明主句动作 "realized" 发生在从句动作 "joined" 之后,表时间先后关系。
答案:my cousin;realized解析:主句为 "my cousin realized that...","my cousin" 是动作发出者,作主语;"realized" 是表示 “意识到” 的动词,作谓语。
答案:3解析:句子包含时间状语从句(After 引导)、定语从句(that/who 引导)和宾语从句(that 引导),共三种类型的从句。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
主句:my cousin realized that the kindness we show to others can warm the hearts of those who live alone
主语:my cousin
谓语:realized
宾语:that 引导的宾语从句
时间状语从句:After my cousin joined the volunteer group that helps the elderly
引导词:After
主语:my cousin
谓语:joined
宾语:the volunteer group
定语从句:that helps the elderly(修饰 volunteer group)
宾语从句:that the kindness we show to others can warm the hearts of those who live alone
引导词:that
主语:the kindness
定语从句:we show to others(修饰 kindness)
谓语:can warm
宾语:the hearts of those
定语从句:who live alone(修饰 those)
定语从句 1:that helps the elderly
引导词:that(指代 volunteer group,作主语)
谓语:helps
宾语:the elderly
定语从句 2:we show to others
引导词:省略(原应为 that/which,指代 kindness)
主语:we
谓语:show
状语:to others
定语从句 3:who live alone
引导词:who(指代 those,作主语)
谓语:live
状语:alone
四、翻译
逐部分翻译:
After my cousin joined the volunteer group that helps the elderly:在我表姐加入那个帮助老人的志愿团体后
my cousin realized:我表姐意识到
the kindness we show to others:我们向他人展现的善意
can warm the hearts of those who live alone:能温暖那些独居者的心灵
整句翻译:
在我表姐加入那个帮助老人的志愿团体后,她意识到我们向他人展现的善意,能温暖那些独居者的心灵。
补充练习题一(简洁版)
原句:When Tom read the novel that was written by his favorite author, he found that the characters who pursue their dreams inspire people around them.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 4 处)
"that was written by his favorite author" 是______从句,修饰先行词______,引导词______在从句中作主语。
"that the characters who pursue their dreams inspire people" 是______从句,作主句______的宾语。
句首 "When Tom read the novel" 是______从句,表______关系。
主句主语是______,谓语是______。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;novel;that解析:定语从句修饰 “小说”,说明小说的作者,引导词 that 作主语。
答案:宾语;found解析:宾语从句说明汤姆 “发现” 的内容,作谓语动词 found 的宾语。
答案:时间状语;时间解析:When 引导时间状语从句,说明主句动作发生的时间。
答案:Tom;found解析:主句核心结构为 “汤姆发现……”,Tom 作主语,found 作谓语。
三、翻译
整句翻译:当汤姆读他最喜欢的作家写的那本小说时,他发现那些追逐梦想的角色能激励身边的人。
补充练习题二(简洁版)
原句:The girl who won the speech contest shared that she prepared the topic which she cared about deeply every night.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 4 处)
"who won the speech contest" 是______从句,修饰先行词______,引导词______在从句中作主语。
"that she prepared the topic which she cared about deeply" 是______从句,作主句______的宾语。
"which she cared about deeply" 是______从句,修饰先行词______,引导词在从句中作______成分。
主句主语是______,谓语是______。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;the girl;who解析:定语从句限定 “女孩” 的身份,引导词 who 作从句主语。
答案:宾语;shared解析:宾语从句说明女孩 “分享” 的内容,作谓语动词 shared 的宾语。
答案:定语;topic;宾语解析:定语从句修饰 “话题”,引导词 which 作 cared about 的宾语,可省略。
答案:The girl;shared解析:主句核心结构为 “女孩分享……”,The girl 作主语,shared 作谓语。
三、翻译
整句翻译:赢得演讲比赛的那个女孩分享说,她每晚都在准备自己深切关注的那个话题。
补充练习题三(简洁版)
原句:After Alice watched the documentary that introduces endangered animals, she knew that the efforts we make to protect them can change their fate.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 4 处)
"that introduces endangered animals" 是______从句,修饰先行词______,引导词______在从句中作主语。
"that the efforts we make to protect them can change their fate" 是______从句,作主句______的宾语。
句首 "After Alice watched the documentary" 是______从句,表______关系。
主句主语是______,谓语是______。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;documentary;that解析:定语从句修饰 “纪录片”,说明纪录片的核心内容,引导词 that 作主语。
答案:宾语;knew解析:宾语从句说明爱丽丝 “得知” 的内容,作谓语动词 knew 的宾语。
答案:时间状语;时间解析:After 引导时间状语从句,明确主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
答案:Alice;knew解析:主句核心结构为 “爱丽丝得知……”,Alice 作主语,knew 作谓语。
三、翻译
整句翻译:在爱丽丝看完那部介绍濒危动物的纪录片后,她得知我们为保护它们所做的努力能改变它们的命运。
补充练习题四
原句:The boy who won the science competition explained that he did the experiment which his teacher suggested last month.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 4 处)
"who won the science competition" 是______从句,修饰先行词______,引导词______在从句中作主语。
"that he did the experiment which his teacher suggested" 是______从句,作主句______的宾语。
"which his teacher suggested" 是______从句,修饰先行词______,引导词在从句中作______成分。
主句主语是______,谓语是______。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;the boy;who解析:定语从句限定 “男孩” 的身份,引导词 who 作从句主语。
答案:宾语;explained解析:宾语从句说明男孩 “解释” 的内容,作谓语动词 explained 的宾语。
答案:定语;experiment;宾语解析:定语从句修饰 “实验”,引导词 which 作 suggested 的宾语,可省略。
答案:The boy;explained解析:主句核心结构为 “男孩解释……”,The boy 作主语,explained 作谓语。
三、翻译
整句翻译:赢得科学竞赛的那个男孩解释说,他做的是老师上个月建议的那个实验。
补充练习题五
原句:While Lily prepared for the exam that covers world history, she realized that the notes she took in class can help her get better grades.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 4 处)
"that covers world history" 是______从句,修饰先行词______,引导词______在从句中作主语。
"that the notes she took in class can help her get better grades" 是______从句,作主句______的宾语。
句首 "While Lily prepared for the exam" 是______从句,表______关系。
主句主语是______,谓语是______。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;exam;that解析:定语从句说明考试的覆盖范围,引导词 that 作主语。
答案:宾语;realized解析:宾语从句说明莉莉 “意识到” 的内容,作谓语动词 realized 的宾语。
答案:时间状语;时间解析:While 引导时间状语从句,强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生。
答案:Lily;realized解析:主句核心结构为 “莉莉意识到……”,Lily 作主语,realized 作谓语。
三、翻译
整句翻译:在莉莉为那场涵盖世界历史的考试做准备时,她意识到自己在课堂上做的笔记能帮助她取得更好的成绩。
补充练习题六
原句:When the reporter interviewed the doctor who specializes in children's health, he learned that the advice parents give their kids is very important for their growth.
一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 4 处)
"who specializes in children's health" 是______从句,修饰先行词______,引导词______在从句中作主语。
"that the advice parents give their kids is very important" 是______从句,作主句______的宾语。
句首 "When the reporter interviewed the doctor" 是______从句,表______关系。
主句主语是______,谓语是______。
二、填空答案与解析
答案:定语;doctor;who解析:定语从句限定 “医生” 的专业领域,引导词 who 作主语。
答案:宾语;learned解析:宾语从句说明记者 “了解到” 的内容,作谓语动词 learned 的宾语。
答案:时间状语;时间解析:When 引导时间状语从句,说明主句动作发生的时间背景。
答案:The reporter;learned解析:主句核心结构为 “记者了解到……”,The reporter 作主语,learned 作谓语。
三、翻译
整句翻译:当记者采访那位专门研究儿童健康的医生时,他了解到父母给孩子的建议对他们的成长非常重要。
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