Unit 5 We Have Only One Earth被动语态（讲+练）-《英语 基础模块1》（外研版2021版）

被动语态 《英语 基础模块1》（外研版2021版） Unit 5 We Have Only One Earth 语法 Lead in 目录 04 被动语态注意事项 03 时态和语态 01 基本概念 02 结构 06 检测练习 07 知识小复盘：重点速记卡 05 常用的被动句型 （动画）邀请你掌握： （动画）学会判断祈使句的方法 （动画）用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止 （动画）区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句” 3 01 基本概念 定义 主动语态----主语是动作的执行者 被动语态-----主语是动作的承受者 e.g. Many people speak Chinese.(主动) （谓语speak这一动作是由many people来执行的） Chinese is spoken by many people.（被动） （主语Chinese是speak这一动作的承受者） 02 结构 结构 核心结构 be+done+(by sb.) 助动词：表示时间 表示被动 被动标志，可省略 e.g. The classroom was cleaned by the students. 03 时态和语态 一般现在时被动语态 结构：am/is/are + 过去分词 e.g. The book is read by many students.（这本书被许多学生阅读。） The car is washed every week.（这辆车每周被清洗。） Letters are written by him.（信被他书写。） 一般过去时被动语态 结构：was/were + 过去分词 e.g. The house was built in 1990.（这栋房子在1990年被建造。） The window was broken yesterday.（窗户昨天被打破了。） The cakes were eaten by the children.（蛋糕被孩子们吃掉了。） 一般将来时被动语态 结构：will be + 过去分词 e.g. The project will be completed next month.（这个项目将在下个月被完成。） The meeting will be held tomorrow.（会议将在明天被举行。） The food will be served at 8 PM.（食物将在晚上8点被供应。） 现在进行时被动语态 结构：am/is/are being + 过去分词 e.g. The room is being cleaned now.（房间现在正在被打扫。） A new bridge is being built across the river.（一座新桥正在河上被建造。） The report is being written by the team.（报告正在被团队撰写。） 过去进行时被动语态 结构：was/were being + 过去分词 e.g. The car was being repaired when I called.（当我打电话时，车正在被修理。） The dinner was being prepared when guests arrived.（客人到达时，晚餐正在被准备。） The documents were being reviewed all day.（文件一整天都在被审核。） 现在完成时被动语态 结构：have/has been + 过去分词 e.g. The work has been finished.（工作已经被完成。） The letters have been sent.（信已经被寄出。） The problem has been solved.（问题已经被解决。） 过去完成时被动语态 结构：had been + 过去分词 e.g. The money had been stolen before the police arrived.（在警察到达前，钱已经被偷了。） The house had been sold by the time we saw it.（在我们看到房子时，它已经被卖掉了。） The cake had been eaten before the party started.（在派对开始前，蛋糕已经被吃掉了.） 被动语态注意事项 04 need/want/require/deserve + doing =need/want/require/deserve + to be done 01 need, want, require, deserve 等后接动名词，表示被动的含义，相当于不定式的被动式。 一、主动表被动 e.g. The car needs washing. (这辆车需要洗了。) =The car needs to be washed. My hair wants cutting. (我的头发该理了。) =My hair wants to be cut. 主语(物) + be worth + doing 02 形容词 worth 后接动名词,表示“值得做某事”时 一、主动表被动 e.g. This book is worth reading. (这本书值得被读。) The museum is well worth visiting. (这个博物馆非常值得参观。) 主语(物) + be worth + doing 03 形容词 worth 后接动名词,表示“值得做某事”时 一、主动表被动 e.g. This book is worth reading. (这本书值得被读。) The museum is well worth visiting. (这个博物馆非常值得参观。) 常用动词：sell（卖得好）, wash（好洗）, read（好读）, write（好写）, cook（烹饪起来）, lock（锁得上）, open（打得开）, close（关得上）, feel（摸起来）等。 03 某些表示事物自身属性、感觉或结果的动词，其主动形式可以表示被动意义。主语通常是 物，且常与 well， easily， smoothly 等副词连用。 一、主动表被动 e.g. This kind of cloth washes easily. (这种布料很容易洗。) The new book sells well. (这本新书很畅销。) 二、无被动 不及物动词没有宾语，因此无法将宾语变为主语构成被动句。 常见动词：happen（发生）， appear（出现）， disappear（消失）， exist（存在）， rise（升起）， fall（落下）， arrive（到达）， die（死亡）等。 The accident happened yesterday. （事故昨天发生了。） ❌ (错误：The accident was happened yesterday.) The sun rises in the east. （太阳从东方升起。） ❌ (错误：The sun is risen in the east.) 1. 不及物动词 二、无被动 不及物动词没有宾语，因此无法将宾语变为主语构成被动句。 常见动词：happen（发生）， appear（出现）， disappear（消失）， exist（存在）， rise（升起）， fall（落下）， arrive（到达）， die（死亡）等。 The accident happened yesterday. （事故昨天发生了。） ❌ (错误：The accident was happened yesterday.) The sun rises in the east. （太阳从东方升起。） ❌ (错误：The sun is risen in the east.) 1. 不及物动词 二、无被动 感官系动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel，没有被动语态。这是由它们的本质属性决定的。 ✅ The idea sounds interesting. (这个主意听起来很有趣。) “interesting” 描述主语 “the idea” 的状态。 ❌ The idea is sounded interesting. (错误！不能被动。) 2. 感官系动词 三、被动还原“to”的情况 在主动语态中，当使役动词（make, have, let）和感官动词（see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe等）后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，必须省略不定式符号“to”。但当句子变为被动语态时，这个被省略的 “to” 必须还原。 主动结构：主语 + 使役/感官动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形（不带to的不定式） 被动结构：宾语（变主语） + be + 过去分词 + to + 动词原形 主动：The teacher made the students repeat the sentence. （老师让学生们重复这个句子。） 被动：The students were made to repeat the sentence (by the teacher). （学生们被要求重复这个句子。） 常用的被动句型 05 It is + 过去分词 + that从句 表示“人们认为/据说/据报道...”， “it”为形式主语。 常用过去分词：believed, thought, said, reported, known, expected, suggested等 e.g. It is widely believed that education is the key to success. （人们普遍认为，教育是成功的关键。） It is suggested that the data should be reviewed again. （有人建议数据应被再次审核。） 被动句型 检测练习 06 一、完成句子 1. The new community center __________ (build) by the local government next year. 2. Look! The old theater __________ (tear down) at this moment. 3. My car __________ (repair) yesterday, so it runs smoothly now. 4. It is widely __________ (believe) that artificial intelligence __________ (change) our lives dramatically in the coming decades. 5. The classic novel “Pride and Prejudice” __________ (write) by Jane Austen in the early 19th century. 6. The missing child __________ (find) safe and sound in the park this morning. 7. This important letter needs __________ (send) by registered mail. 8. The manager made the staff work overtime. The staff __________ (make) __________ (work) overtime. 答案解析 1. will be built 考点：一般将来时被动语态（will be + 过去分词）。句中有明确将来时间状语“next year”。 2. is being torn down 考点：现在进行时被动语态（am/is/are being + 过去分词）。句首“Look!”提示动作正在发生。 3. was repaired 考点：一般过去时被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）。时间状语“yesterday”表明动作发生在过去。 4. believed; will change / is going to change 考点：① 固定句型“It is believed that...” 的被动结构；② 从句内部的时态。主句为现在时，从句时间状语为“in the coming decades”（未来几十年），因此从句需用将来时。从句主语“artificial intelligence”是单数，所以动词用主动语态（因从句本身不是被动结构）。 答案与解析 5. was written 考点：一般过去时被动语态。描述过去已完成的创作。 6. was found 考点：一般过去时被动语态。描述过去某一时间发生的动作（今早被发现）。 7. to be sent / sending 考点：“need + to be done / doing”表被动。这是“主动表被动”的特殊结构之一，两种形式（不定式被动式或动名词主动式）均可，含义相同。 8. were made; to work 考点：使役动词make在被动语态中需还原to。这是核心难点：主动语态为“make sb. do sth.”（省略to），变为被动语态“sb. be made to do sth.”时，必须加上to。原句“the staff”是复数，所以用“were made”。 二、单项选择 1. The magnificent palace __________ in the 15th century and still stands today. A. built B. was built C. had built D. was building 2。 A terrible accident __________ on the highway last night. A. happened B. was happened C. had been happened D. was happening 3。 I saw him take the book from the shelf. He __________ take the book from the shelf. A. was seen B. was seen to C. saw to D. was seen to 4. The director will have the assistant __________ the report immediately. A. type B. to type C. typed D. be typed 二、单项选择 5. A new law to protect the environment __________ by the government now. A. is being discussed B. is discussed C. has discussed D. discusses 6. Your bedroom is a mess. The floor needs __________. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. being cleaned 7. My grandmother __________ a beautiful sweater for my birthday. A. was knitted B. knitted C. had knitted D. got knitted 8. Great changes __________ in my hometown since 2020. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. were taken place D. took place 答案与解析 1. B. was built 考点：一般过去时被动语态。主语“宫殿”与“建造”构成被动关系，且有明确的过去时间“in the 15th century”。 2. A. happened 考点：不及物动词无被动。“happen”（发生）是不及物动词，没有宾语，因此不能用于被动语态，只能用主动形式。 3. D. was seen to 考点：感官动词被动语态需还原to。主动语态为“see sb. do sth.”，变为被动“sb. be seen to do sth.”时，必须补上不定式符号“to”。 4. A. type 考点：使役动词have的固定搭配。“have sb. do sth.”（让某人做某事）是固定主动结构，此处“have”意为“让、叫”，其后的宾语补足语用动词原形。这不是一个被动语态题，而是常与被动考点混淆的使役结构。 答案与解析 5. A. is being discussed 考点：现在进行时被动语态。句末的“now”是明确标志，表示法律“正在被讨论”。 6. C. cleaning 考点：主动表被动结构。“need/want/require + doing” 形式上主动，含义上被动，相当于 “need to be cleaned”。 7. B. knitted 考点：主动语态与被动语态的辨析。虽然主语是“毛衣”，但句子后半部有明确的动作执行者“for my birthday”（为我），逻辑上“祖母”是编织者。因此，这是一个主动语态的句子，主语是“My grandmother”。 8. A. have taken place 考点：不及物动词短语无被动 + 时态。“take place”（发生）是不及物动词短语，只能用主动语态。时间状语“since 2020”要求用现在完成时。 07 知识小复盘：重点速记卡 被动语态 特殊形式 含义 结构 时态和语态 一起总结一下今日所学 （动画）判断句子是否为祈使句，需确认其是否： （动画）发出指令 （动画）主语省略 （动画）动词原形开头 （动画）祈使句的肯定形式有三种： （动画）do型 （动画）be型 （动画）let型 （动画）祈使句的否定形式： （动画）don’t + do型/be型/let型 （动画）no+动词ing型 （动画）以及祈使句+and/or+陈述句的用法区别： （动画）照这样做，and结果很美好 （动画）得这样做，or结果不如人意。 今天的内容就到这里。我们下次见。 THANKS $