内容正文:
人教版八年级下册 Unit 5 单词表
教师备课材料
1. temper (在此语境下)
词性:名词
词义:(天气的)恶劣状况;脾气
常见搭配:the temper of the weather, lose one‘s temper(发脾气)
例句:The temper of the sea grew worse as the storm approached.(随着风暴临近,海况变得更加恶劣。)
例句翻译:随着风暴临近,海况变得更加恶劣。
2. earthquake
词性:名词
词义:地震
近义词:quake, tremor
常见搭配:strong earthquake, earthquake zone(地震带)
例句:During an earthquake, you should "Drop, Cover, and Hold on."(地震时,你应该“趴下、掩护、稳住”。)
例句翻译:地震时,你应该“趴下、掩护、稳住”。
3. typhoon
词性:名词
词义:台风
近义词:hurricane, cyclone(不同地区名称)
常见搭配:typhoon warning, typhoon season
例句:The typhoon brought heavy rain and strong winds to the coastal city.(台风给这座沿海城市带来了暴雨和强风。)
例句翻译:台风给这座沿海城市带来了暴雨和强风。
4. wildfire
词性:名词
词义:野火;山火
近义词:bush-fire, forest fire
常见搭配:spread like wildfire(迅速蔓延), wildfire smoke
例句:Dry weather and strong winds can cause wildfires to spread quickly.(干燥的天气和大风会导致野火迅速蔓延。)
例句翻译:干燥的天气和大风会导致野火迅速蔓延。
5. snowstorm
词性:名词
词义:暴风雪
构词:snow(雪)+ storm(风暴)
近义词:blizzard
例句:The snowstorm closed many roads and schools.(暴风雪导致许多道路和学校关闭。)
例句翻译:暴风雪导致许多道路和学校关闭。
6. flood
词性:名词/动词
词义:洪水;水灾;淹没
常见搭配:flash flood(山洪暴发), flood warning
例句:After days of heavy rain, the river overflowed and caused a flood.(连下几天大雨后,河水泛滥引发了洪水。)
例句翻译:连下几天大雨后,河水泛滥引发了洪水。
7. drought
词性:名词
词义:干旱;旱灾
反义词:flood(洪灾)
例句:The long drought made it hard for farmers to grow crops.(长期的干旱使农民很难种植庄稼。)
例句翻译:长期的干旱使农民很难种植庄稼。
8. warn
词性:动词
词义:警告;告诫
近义词:alert, caution
词性转换:warning(名词)
常见搭配:warn someone of/about something, warn against
例句:The weather service warned people about the coming typhoon.(气象部门就即将到来的台风向人们发出了警告。)
例句翻译:气象部门就即将到来的台风向人们发出了警告。
9. do chores
词性:动词短语
词义:做家务
例句:Before the storm, we did chores like securing windows and bringing in outdoor furniture.(风暴来临前,我们做了些家务,比如固定窗户、搬进户外家具。)
例句翻译:风暴来临前,我们做了些家务,比如固定窗户、搬进户外家具。
10. wave
词性:名词/动词
词义:波浪;波涛;挥手;波动
常见搭配:heat wave(热浪), sound wave(声波), wave goodbye(挥手告别)
例句:A huge wave crashed against the shore during the storm.(暴风雨期间,一个巨浪拍打在海岸上。)
例句翻译:暴风雨期间,一个巨浪拍打在海岸上。
11. tsunami
词性:名词
词义:海啸
语源:源自日语
常见搭配:tsunami warning, tsunami damage
例句:If you feel a strong earthquake near the coast, move to higher ground in case of a tsunami.(如果你在海岸附近感到强烈地震,请转移到地势较高的地方以防海啸。)
例句翻译:如果你在海岸附近感到强烈地震,请转移到地势较高的地方以防海啸。
12. interview
词性:名词/动词
词义:采访;面试;访谈
词性转换:interviewer(采访者), interviewee(被采访者)
常见搭配:job interview, interview someone
例句:The reporter interviewed people who survived the flood.(记者采访了洪水的幸存者。)
例句翻译:记者采访了洪水的幸存者。
13. possibly
词性:副词
词义:可能地;也许
近义词:maybe, perhaps
反义词:impossibly(不可能地)
词性转换:possible(形容词)→ possibly(副词)
例句:The road will possibly be closed due to the snowstorm.(这条路可能会因为暴风雪而关闭。)
例句翻译:这条路可能会因为暴风雪而关闭。
14. report
词性:动词/名词
词义:报告;报道;成绩单
近义词:tell, announce (v.), account (n.)
常见搭配:news report, report a problem
例句:Please report any broken equipment to a teacher immediately.(请立即向老师报告任何损坏的设备。)
例句翻译:请立即向老师报告任何损坏的设备。
15. neighbourhood (英) / neighborhood (美)
词性:名词
词义:街区;邻近地区
近义词:area, community
词性转换:neighbour(邻居)
例句:Everyone in the neighbourhood helped clean up after the storm.(风暴过后,街区的每个人都帮忙清理。)
例句翻译:风暴过后,街区的每个人都帮忙清理。
16. roof
词性:名词
词义:屋顶;顶部
常见搭配:roof of a house, under one roof(在同一屋檐下)
例句:The strong wind blew some tiles off the roof.(强风把屋顶的一些瓦片吹掉了。)
例句翻译:强风把屋顶的一些瓦片吹掉了。
17. nearly
词性:副词
词义:几乎;差不多
近义词:almost, practically
例句:The floodwater nearly reached the top of the door.(洪水几乎到了门顶。)
例句翻译:洪水几乎到了门顶。
18. trouble
词义:名词/动词
词义:麻烦;困难;烦恼;使烦恼
近义词:problem, difficulty (n.), bother (v.)
常见搭配:get into trouble, have trouble doing
例句:We had trouble contacting our relatives after the earthquake.(地震后,我们很难联系到亲戚。)
例句翻译:地震后,我们很难联系到亲戚。
19. relative
词性:名词
词义:亲戚;亲属
近义词:family member, kin
常见搭配:close relative, relative to(相对于)
例句:They went to stay with relatives in a safer area during the flood.(洪水期间,他们去和住在更安全地区的亲戚住在一起。)
例句翻译:洪水期间,他们去和住在更安全地区的亲戚住在一起。
20. truck
词性:名词
词义:卡车;货车
近义词:lorry (英)
例句:Trucks delivered food and water supplies to the disaster area.(卡车将食品和饮用水运送到灾区。)
例句翻译:卡车将食品和饮用水运送到灾区。
21. supply
词性:名词/动词
词义:供应(品);补给;提供
近义词:provision, stock (n.), provide (v.)
常见搭配:food supply, supply and demand(供需)
例句:It‘s important to have an emergency supply of water at home.(在家里储备应急用水很重要。)
例句翻译:在家里储备应急用水很重要。
22. preparation
词性:名词
词义:准备;准备工作
词性转换:prepare(动词)→ preparation(名词)
常见搭配:in preparation for, make preparations
例句:Good preparation can help you stay safe during a disaster.(充分的准备可以帮助你在灾难中保持安全。)
例句翻译:充分的准备可以帮助你在灾难中保持安全。
23. make preparations
词性:动词短语
词义:做准备;进行准备
近义词:prepare, get ready
例句:We should make preparations for possible power outages during the typhoon.(我们应该为台风期间可能出现的停电做好准备。)
例句翻译:我们应该为台风期间可能出现的停电做好准备。
24. power
词性:名词
词义:电力;力量;权力
近义词:electricity, energy, strength
常见搭配:power cut/outage(停电), wind power(风能)
例句:The snowstorm caused a power outage that lasted for two days.(暴风雪导致停电持续了两天。)
例句翻译:暴风雪导致停电持续了两天。
25. soundly
词性:副词
词义:香甜地;酣畅地;完全地
近义词:deeply, thoroughly
词性转换:sound(形容词:健全的;充分的)
例句:He was sleeping so soundly that he didn‘t hear the thunder.(他睡得很熟,没听到雷声。)
例句翻译:他睡得很熟,没听到雷声。
26. thick
词性:形容词
词义:厚的;浓的;密集的
近义词:dense, heavy
反义词:thin(薄的;稀的)
常见搭配:thick fog, thick book
例句:Thick smoke from the wildfire filled the air.(野火产生的浓烟弥漫在空气中。)
例句翻译:野火产生的浓烟弥漫在空气中。
27. beat (动词)
词性:动词 (过去式:beat, 过去分词:beaten)
词义:(心脏)跳动;敲打;打败
近义词:pound, strike, defeat
常见搭配:heart beat(心跳), beat against(拍打)
例句:Her heart was beating fast with fear during the earthquake.(地震时,她吓得心脏怦怦直跳。)
例句翻译:地震时,她吓得心脏怦怦直跳。
28. hide
词性:动词 (过去式:hid, 过去分词:hidden)
词义:躲藏;隐藏;隐瞒
近义词:conceal, cover up
反义词:show(展示), reveal(揭露)
常见搭配:hide from, hide-and-seek(捉迷藏)
例句:During a tornado warning, you should hide in a basement or an interior room without windows.(龙卷风警报期间,你应该躲在地下室或没有窗户的内室。)
例句翻译:龙卷风警报期间,你应该躲在地下室或没有窗户的内室。
29. tornado
词性:名词 (复数:tornadoes/tornados)
词义:龙卷风
近义词:twister
例句:A tornado can destroy buildings and lift cars into the air.(龙卷风可以摧毁建筑物并将汽车卷到空中。)
例句翻译:龙卷风可以摧毁建筑物并将汽车卷到空中。
30. worst
词性:形容词/副词/名词 (bad, ill的最高级)
词义:最坏的;最差的;最糟的情况
反义词:best(最好的)
常见搭配:at worst(在最坏的情况下), the worst part
例句:The worst of the storm passed by midnight.(风暴最猛烈的阶段在午夜前过去了。)
例句翻译:风暴最猛烈的阶段在午夜前过去了。
31. schoolgirl
词性:名词
词义:(中小学的)女学生
构词:school(学校)+ girl(女孩)
对应词:schoolboy(男学生)
例句:A brave schoolgirl helped her classmates evacuate during the fire drill.(一次消防演习中,一位勇敢的女学生帮助她的同学们疏散。)
例句翻译:一次消防演习中,一位勇敢的女学生帮助她的同学们疏散。
32. froth (名词/动词)
词性:名词 / 动词
词义:泡沫;起泡沫
近义词:foam, bubbles (n.), bubble (v.)
例句:The rough sea was covered with white froth.(汹涌的海面上覆盖着白色的泡沫。)
例句翻译:汹涌的海面上覆盖着白色的泡沫。
33. refuse (动词)
词性:动词
词义:拒绝
近义词:reject, decline, say no to
反义词:accept(接受), agree(同意)
常见搭配:refuse to do something
例句:The security guard refused to let anyone enter the dangerous area.(保安拒绝让任何人进入危险区域。)
例句翻译:保安拒绝让任何人进入危险区域。
34. security
词性:名词
词义:安全;保障;保安措施
近义词:safety, protection
反义词:danger(危险), insecurity(不安全)
词性转换:secure(形容词)
常见搭配:national security, security check(安检)
例句:For security reasons, the building was evacuated after the earthquake.(出于安全原因,地震后大楼被疏散了。)
例句翻译:出于安全原因,地震后大楼被疏散了。
35. guard
词性:名词/动词
词义:警卫;看守;保卫
近义词:protector, watchman (n.), protect (v.)
常见搭配:security guard, on guard(警惕)
例句:The lifeguard guards the safety of swimmers at the beach.(救生员负责保护海滩上游泳者的安全。)
例句翻译:救生员负责保护海滩上游泳者的安全。
36. security guard
词性:名词短语
词义:保安人员;警卫
例句:The security guard directed people to the emergency exits.(保安引导人们前往紧急出口。)
例句翻译:保安引导人们前往紧急出口。
37. nearby
词性:形容词/副词
词义:附近的;在附近
近义词:close, neighbouring (adj.), close by (adv.)
例句:We took shelter in a nearby building when the rain started pouring.(开始下大雨时,我们在附近的一栋建筑里躲避。)
例句翻译:开始下大雨时,我们在附近的一栋建筑里躲避。
38. scream
词性:动词/名词
词义:尖叫;尖叫声
近义词:shriek, yell
例句:People screamed when they felt the ground shake during the earthquake.(地震时感到地面摇晃,人们尖叫起来。)
例句翻译:地震时感到地面摇晃,人们尖叫起来。
39. thankfully
词性:副词
词义:幸好;庆幸地;感激地
近义词:fortunately, luckily
反义词:unfortunately(不幸地)
词性转换:thankful(形容词)→ thankfully(副词)
例句:Thankfully, no one was seriously injured in the landslide.(值得庆幸的是,山体滑坡中没有人受重伤。)
例句翻译:值得庆幸的是,山体滑坡中没有人受重伤。
40. knowledge
词性:名词(不可数)
词义:知识;学问;了解
近义词:information, understanding
反义词:ignorance(无知)
词性转换:know(动词)→ knowledge(名词)
常见搭配:common knowledge(常识), have knowledge of
例句:Basic first-aid knowledge is very useful in emergencies.(基本的急救知识在紧急情况下非常有用。)
例句翻译:基本的急救知识在紧急情况下非常有用。
41. thinking
词性:名词
词义:思考;想法;见解
词性转换:think(动词)→ thinking(名词)
常见搭配:critical thinking(批判性思维), way of thinking
例句:Quick thinking and calm action saved their lives during the fire.(火灾中,敏捷的思维和冷静的行动救了他们的命。)
例句翻译:火灾中,敏捷的思维和冷静的行动救了他们的命。
42. except for
词性:介词短语
词义:除了…以外;除去
近义词:apart from, besides
例句:The house was undamaged except for a few broken windows.(除了几扇破碎的窗户外,房子完好无损。)
例句翻译:除了几扇破碎的窗户外,房子完好无损。
43. as soon as
词性:连词短语
词义:一…就…
近义词:the moment, immediately after
例句:As soon as the earthquake stopped, we checked for injuries and gas leaks.(地震一停,我们就检查是否有人受伤和煤气泄漏。)
例句翻译:地震一停,我们就检查是否有人受伤和煤气泄漏。
44. hero
词性:名词 (复数:heroes)
词义:英雄;男主角
反义词:coward(懦夫), villain(反派)
词性转换:heroic(形容词), heroine(女英雄)
例句:Many ordinary people became heroes by helping others during the disaster.(灾难期间,许多普通人通过帮助他人成为了英雄。)
例句翻译:灾难期间,许多普通人通过帮助他人成为了英雄。
45. landslide
词性:名词
词义:山体滑坡;塌方;(选举)压倒性胜利
构词:land(土地)+ slide(滑落)
常见搭配:cause a landslide, landslide victory
例句:Heavy rain can cause landslides on mountainsides.(大雨会导致山体滑坡。)
例句翻译:大雨会导致山体滑坡。
46. safeguard
词性:动词/名词
词义:保护;保卫;保障措施
近义词:protect, defend (v.), protection (n.)
例句:Building strong dams can help safeguard towns from floods.(修建坚固的大坝有助于保护城镇免受洪水侵袭。)
例句翻译:修建坚固的大坝有助于保护城镇免受洪水侵袭。
47. floodwater
词性:名词
词义:洪水
构词:flood(洪水)+ water(水)
例句:After the flood, the floodwater took weeks to go down completely.(洪水过后,积水花了几个星期才完全退去。)
例句翻译:洪水过后,积水花了几个星期才完全退去。
48. manpower
词性:名词(不可数)
词义:人力;劳动力
构词:man(人)+ power(力量)
近义词:workforce, labor
例句:A lot of manpower was needed to clean up the city after the typhoon.(台风过后,清理城市需要大量人力。)
例句翻译:台风过后,清理城市需要大量人力。
49. heartbeat
词性:名词
词义:心跳;心搏
构词:heart(心脏)+ beat(跳动)
常见搭配:in a heartbeat(毫不犹豫地;立刻)
例句:His heartbeat returned to normal after the rescue.(获救后,他的心跳恢复了正常。)
例句翻译:获救后,他的心跳恢复了正常。
50. rescue
词性:动词/名词
词义:营救;救援
近义词:save, recover (v.), salvation (n.)
常见搭配:rescue team, come to the rescue(前来救援)
例句:The firefighters worked all night to rescue people trapped in the flood.(消防员整夜工作,营救被困在洪水中的人。)
例句翻译:消防员整夜工作,营救被困在洪水中的人。
51. heatwave
词性:名词
词义:热浪;酷热期
构词:heat(热)+ wave(波)
例句:During a heatwave, it‘s important to drink plenty of water and stay indoors if possible.(热浪期间,重要的是要多喝水,如果可能的话待在室内。)
例句翻译:热浪期间,重要的是要多喝水,如果可能的话待在室内。
52. since (介词/连词/副词)
词性:介词 / 连词 / 副词
词义:
介词:自…以来
连词:自从;因为
副词:此后;后来
常见搭配:
介词:since last year
连词:ever since, since you are here
副词:long since(很久以前)
例句:
连词:Since the flood warning was issued, many families have evacuated.(自从洪水预警发布以来,许多家庭已经撤离。)
例句翻译:
连词:自从洪水预警发布以来,许多家庭已经撤离。
53. southwestern
词性:形容词
词义:西南的;西南部的
构词:south(南)+ west(西)+ ern(形容词后缀)
例句:The southwestern part of the country is experiencing a severe drought.(该国西南部地区正遭遇严重干旱。)
例句翻译:该国西南部地区正遭遇严重干旱。
54. firefighter
词性:名词
词义:消防员
构词:fire(火)+ fighter(战斗者)
近义词:fireman
例句:Firefighters are often the first to respond to emergencies like fires and floods.(消防员通常是应对火灾和洪水等紧急情况的第一批人。)
例句翻译:消防员通常是应对火灾和洪水等紧急情况的第一批人。
55. volunteer
词性:名词/动词/形容词
词义:志愿者;自愿做;志愿的
词性转换:voluntary(形容词)
常见搭配:volunteer work, volunteer to do
例句:Many volunteers helped distribute food and water after the earthquake.(地震后,许多志愿者帮助分发食物和水。)
例句翻译:地震后,许多志愿者帮助分发食物和水。
56. terrible
词性:形容词
词义:可怕的;很糟的;非常的
近义词:awful, horrible, dreadful
反义词:wonderful(极好的), excellent(优秀的)
例句:The typhoon caused terrible damage to the fishing village.(台风给渔村造成了可怕的破坏。)
例句翻译:台风给渔村造成了可怕的破坏。
57. alarm
词性:名词/动词
词义:警报(器);闹钟;使惊慌
近义词:warning, alert (n.), frighten (v.)
常见搭配:fire alarm, raise the alarm(发出警报)
例句:When the fire alarm goes off, leave the building quickly and calmly.(火灾警报响起时,要迅速而冷静地离开大楼。)
例句翻译:火灾警报响起时,要迅速而冷静地离开大楼。
58. wake up
词性:动词短语
词义:醒来;唤醒
近义词:awaken, rouse
例句:The loud thunder woke me up in the middle of the night.(巨大的雷声在半夜把我吵醒了。)
例句翻译:巨大的雷声在半夜把我吵醒了。
59. go off
词性:动词短语
词义:(警报器等)响起;爆炸;离开;(食物)变质
近义词:ring, sound, explode
例句:The tsunami warning siren went off, telling people to evacuate immediately.(海啸预警警报响起,告诉人们立即疏散。)
例句翻译:海啸预警警报响起,告诉人们立即疏散。
60. review
词性:动词/名词
词义:复习;回顾;评论;检阅
近义词:go over, study again (v.), evaluation (n.)
常见搭配:review lessons, book review(书评)
例句:After any emergency, it‘s good to review what happened and how you responded.(任何紧急情况过后,最好回顾一下发生了什么以及你是如何应对的。)
例句翻译:任何紧急情况过后,最好回顾一下发生了什么以及你是如何应对的。
61. sudden
词性:形容词
词义:突然的;意外的
近义词:abrupt, unexpected
反义词:gradual(逐渐的)
词性转换:suddenly(副词)
常见搭配:a sudden change, all of a sudden
例句:There was a sudden loud noise before the power went out.(停电前突然传来一声巨响。)
例句翻译:停电前突然传来一声巨响。
62. all of a sudden
词性:副词短语
词义:突然地
近义词:suddenly, abruptly
例句:All of a sudden, the sky turned dark and it started to hail.(突然,天空变暗,开始下冰雹。)
例句翻译:突然,天空变暗,开始下冰雹。
63. thunder
词性:名词/动词
词义:雷;雷声;打雷
常见搭配:thunder and lightning, it‘s thundering(在打雷)
例句:We could see lightning and hear thunder in the distance.(我们看到远处有闪电,听到雷声。)
例句翻译:我们看到远处有闪电,听到雷声。
64. by the time
词性:介词短语 (引导时间状语从句)
词义:到…的时候
例句:By the time the rescue team arrived, the floodwater had already risen to the second floor.(等到救援队到达时,洪水已经涨到二楼了。)
例句翻译:等到救援队到达时,洪水已经涨到二楼了。
65. usual
词性:形容词
词义:通常的;平常的
近义词:normal, regular, customary
反义词:unusual(不寻常的)
常见搭配:as usual(像往常一样), usual self(平时的样子)
例句:After the storm, it took weeks for life to return to usual.(风暴过后,生活花了几周时间才恢复正常。)
例句翻译:风暴过后,生活花了几周时间才恢复正常。
66. out of breath
词性:形容词短语
词义:上气不接下气;喘不过气
近义词:breathless, panting
例句:He ran up the stairs to escape the floodwater and was out of breath.(他跑上楼梯躲避洪水,累得上气不接下气。)
例句翻译:他跑上楼梯躲避洪水,累得上气不接下气。
67. rainstorm
词性:名词
词义:暴风雨
构词:rain(雨)+ storm(风暴)
近义词:storm, downpour
例句:The heavy rainstorm caused streets to flood quickly.(大暴雨导致街道迅速被淹。)
例句翻译:大暴雨导致街道迅速被淹。
68. as a result
词性:介词短语
词义:结果;因此
近义词:therefore, consequently
例句:The river banks were not strong enough. As a result, the river flooded the nearby fields.(河堤不够坚固。结果,河水淹没了附近的田野。)
例句翻译:河堤不够坚固。结果,河水淹没了附近的田野。
69. unlucky
词性:形容词
词义:不幸的;不吉利的
近义词:unfortunate, ill-fated
反义词:lucky(幸运的)
例句:They were unlucky to be on the road when the snowstorm hit.(暴风雪袭来时,他们很不幸正在路上。)
例句翻译:暴风雪袭来时,他们很不幸正在路上。
70. rainy
词性:形容词
词义:下雨的;多雨的
词性转换:rain(名词/动词)→ rainy(形容词)
常见搭配:rainy season, rainy day(雨天;困难时期)
例句:The rainy weather lasted for over a week, causing floods in some areas.(阴雨天气持续了一个多星期,导致一些地区发生洪水。)
例句翻译:阴雨天气持续了一个多星期,导致一些地区发生洪水。
71. go wrong
词性:动词短语
词义:出错;发生故障;出问题
近义词:malfunction, fail, make a mistake
反义词:go right(顺利)
例句:If something goes wrong during an emergency, stay calm and follow your backup plan.(如果紧急情况中出现问题,保持冷静,按照备用计划行事。)
例句翻译:如果紧急情况中出现问题,保持冷静,按照备用计划行事。
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