Unit1语法讲解及习题：一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态2025-2026学年译林版英语七年级下册

外研英语八下Unit1语法讲解及习题 一般现在时与一般将来时的被动语态 一、语法讲解 1. 被动语态的本质与意义 核心逻辑：主动语态强调“谁做了动作”，被动语态强调“动作被施加到谁身上”。 当动作的发出者不明确、不重要，或我们想突出动作的承受者时，就会使用被动语态。 例如： 主动：The farmer plants flowers in early spring.（强调农民） 被动：Flowers are planted by the farmer in early spring.（强调花） 2. 被动语态核心结构对比表 时态 被动结构 核心用法 例句 一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作发出者) 客观事实/经常性被动动作 1. Rice is grown in the south of China. 2. The classroom is cleaned by students every day. 一般将来时 主语 + will be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作发出者) 或 主语 + am/is/are going to be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作发出者) 将要发生的被动动作/按计划的被动动作 1. A new hospital will be built in our city next year. 2. The sports meeting is going to be held next month. 3. 主动变被动的完整步骤 找宾语：把主动句的宾语（动作的承受者）变成被动句的主语。 例：The farmer plants flowers. → Flowers 成为主语 变谓语：把主动句的谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”，时态保持一致。 例：plants（一般现在时）→ are planted 加by短语：把主动句的主语（动作发出者）变为by的宾语，置于句末（可省略）。 例：by the farmer 完整转换示例： 主动：We usually clean up our office for the holidays. 被动：Our office is usually cleaned up (by us) for the holidays. 4. 动词过去分词变化规则表 变化类型 规则 示例 规则变化 一般动词直接加-ed clean → cleaned 规则变化 以e结尾加-d like → liked 规则变化 辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ed carry → carried 不规则变化 需单独记忆 do → done / see → seen / write → written 二、习题 Ⅰ. 句型转换：主动变被动 1. The farmer plants flowers in early spring. _________________________________________________________________ 2. We usually clean up our office for the holidays. _________________________________________________________________ 3. The school always holds a party to welcome new teachers. _________________________________________________________________ 4. The company will hold a job interview next month. _________________________________________________________________ 5. People speak English in many countries. _________________________________________________________________ 6. My father waters the flowers every morning. _________________________________________________________________ 7. They will finish the project next week. _________________________________________________________________ 8. The teacher corrects our homework after class. _________________________________________________________________ 9. We use computers in our daily life. _________________________________________________________________ 10. The workers will build a new bridge over the river. _________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 用所给动词的正确被动形式填空 1. Creative students ____________ (need) for our team! 2. Excellent communication skills ____________ (expect), and a positive personality ____________ (require). 3. Make sure the voices of students ____________ (hear) on important matters. 4. Your leadership skills ____________ (develop). 5. The classroom ____________ (clean) every day by the students. 6. A new library ____________ (build) in our school next year. 7. The meeting ____________ (hold) in the hall next Monday. 8. The old house ____________ (pull) down next month. 9. Rice ____________ (grow) in the south of China. 10. The problem ____________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow. 11. The book ____________ (read) by many students in our school. 12. The plan ____________ (carry) out next week. Ⅲ. 单项选择 1. A new bridge ______ over the river next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. is building 2. The classroom ______ by the students every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaning 3. English ______ all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking 4. The sports meeting ______ next month. A. will hold B. is held C. will be held D. is holding 5. The problem ______ at the meeting tomorrow. A. is discussed B. will be discussed C. was discussed D. discusses 6. The book ______ by students in our school every term. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. wrote 7. The project ______ by the end of this year. A. will finish B. will be finished C. is finished D. finishes 8. The flowers ______ by my father every morning. A. water B. are watered C. watered D. are watering 9. A new hospital ______ in our city next year. A. is built B. will be built C. is being built D. builds 10. The plan ______ at the meeting tomorrow. A. will discuss B. will be discussed C. discusses D. is discussed 三、答案与解析 Ⅰ. 句型转换答案 1. Flowers are planted by the farmer in early spring. 2. Our office is usually cleaned up (by us) for the holidays. 3. A party is always held by the school to welcome new teachers. 4. A job interview will be held by the company next month. 5. English is spoken by people in many countries. 6. The flowers are watered by my father every morning. 7. The project will be finished by them next week. 8. Our homework is corrected by the teacher after class. 9. Computers are used by us in our daily life. 10. A new bridge will be built by the workers over the river. Ⅱ. 动词填空答案 1. are needed（一般现在时被动，students为复数，表“被需要”） 2. are expected; is required（一般现在时被动，skills为复数，personality为单数） 3. are heard（一般现在时被动，voices为复数，表“被听到”） 4. will be developed（一般将来时被动，表“将会被培养”） 5. is cleaned（一般现在时被动，classroom为单数，表“被打扫”） 6. will be built（一般将来时被动，表“将会被建造”） 7. will be held（一般将来时被动，next Monday表将来，会议“被举办”，用will be held） 8. will be pulled（一般将来时被动，表“将会被拆除”） 9. is grown（一般现在时被动，表客观事实“被种植”） 10. will be discussed（一般将来时被动，表“将会被讨论”） 11. is read（一般现在时被动，表经常性动作“被阅读”，主语the book为单数，主谓一致用is read） 12. will be carried（一般将来时被动，表“将会被执行”） Ⅲ. 单项选择答案与解析 1. C — 一般将来时被动，桥是“被建造”的对象，用will be built。 2. B — 一般现在时被动，教室是“被打扫”的对象，用is cleaned。 3. B — 一般现在时被动，英语是“被说”的对象，用is spoken。 4. C — 一般将来时被动，运动会是“被举办”的对象，用will be held。 5. B — 一般将来时被动，tomorrow表将来，问题“被讨论”，用will be discussed。 6. B — 一般现在时被动，every term表经常性动作，书是“被写作”的对象（贴合选项written），用is written。 7. B — 一般将来时被动，项目将在年底“被完成”，用will be finished。 8. B — 一般现在时被动，花是“被浇水”的对象，用are watered。 9. B — 一般将来时被动，next year表将来，医院“被建造”，用will be built。 10. B — 一般将来时被动，计划明天将“被讨论”，用will be discussed。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $