2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第十九章 直接引语与间接引语导学案

第二编 句法 第十九章 直接引语与间接引语 第二节 直接引语与间接引语专项练习 答案与解析 一、基础巩固题 （一）将下列直接引语转换为间接引语 1. The technician said that he had repaired the machine. 2. She told me that I could use that equipment. 3. The manager said that they would have a meeting the next day. 4. He said that he was working on a new project then. 5. They said that they had finished the task the day before. 【解析】 1. 本题为陈述句直接引语转间接引语，核心遵循“三要素变化”：①引导词用“that”（可省略）；②人称“我（I）”随主句主语“the technician”（第三人称）变为“he”；③时态“现在完成时（have repaired）”因主句“said”（过去时）倒推为“过去完成时（had repaired）”。 2. ①人称“你（you）”随主句宾语“me”变为“我（I）”；②时态“情态动词can”倒推为“could”；③指示代词“this”（近指）变为“that”（远指），符合间接引语中视角转换规则。 3. ①人称“我们（We）”随主句主语“the manager”（第三人称）变为“they”；②时态“一般将来时（will）”倒推为“过去将来时（would）”；③时间状语“tomorrow”（当下视角）变为“the next day”（过去视角的“第二天”）。 4. ①时态“现在进行时（am working）”倒推为“过去进行时（was working）”；②时间状语“now”（当下）变为“then”（那时），贴合间接引语中时间维度的转换。 5. ①时态“一般过去时（finished）”倒推为“过去完成时（had finished）”；②时间状语“yesterday”（昨天）变为“the day before”（前一天），符合“过去时主句+时间状语倒推”规则。 （二）将下列疑问句的直接引语转换为间接引语 1. She asked if/whether I knew how to solve that problem. 2. The supervisor asked when they would complete the work. 3. He asked me where I stored the raw materials. 4. The client asked if/whether the product was available in different sizes. 5. They asked how much that equipment cost. 【解析】 1. 本题为一般疑问句（用yes/no回答）转间接引语：①引导词用“if”或“whether”（二者可互换）；②语序从疑问语序“do you know”调整为陈述语序“I knew”；③时态“know”（一般现在时）倒推为“knew”（一般过去时），指示代词“this”变为“that”。 2. 本题为特殊疑问句（用疑问词回答）转间接引语：①保留原疑问词“when”；②语序从“will they complete”调整为“they would complete”；③时态“will”倒推为“would”，人称“they”（第三人称）保持不变。 3. ①疑问词“where”保留；②语序从“do you store”调整为“I stored”；③时态“store”（一般现在时）倒推为“stored”（一般过去时），人称“you”随主句宾语“me”变为“I”。 4. ①一般疑问句用“if/whether”引导；②语序从“is the product”调整为“the product was”；③时态“is”倒推为“was”，保持陈述语序。 5. ①疑问词“how much”保留；②语序从“does this equipment cost”调整为“that equipment cost”（“cost”为过去式，无需助动词“did”）；③指示代词“this”变为“that”，时态“does cost”倒推为“cost”。 （三）将下列祈使句的直接引语转换为间接引语 1. The manager ordered the workers to finish the task before Friday. 2. She asked me to pass her the operation manual. 3. The safety officer told people to wear protective clothing at all times. 4. He warned not to touch the machine while it was running. 5. The trainer told us to practice that procedure every day. 【解析】 1. 祈使句（表命令）转间接引语：①用“order sb. to do sth.”结构（“order”匹配“经理对工人”的命令语气）；②直接引语动词原形“Finish”变为“to finish”，人称“workers”（宾语）与主句宾语一致，无需额外调整。 2. 祈使句（表请求）转间接引语：①用“ask sb. to do sth.”结构（“ask”匹配“她对我”的请求语气）；②人称“me”（直接引语宾语）随主句宾语“me”变为“her”，动词“Pass”变为“to pass”。 3. 祈使句（表告知）转间接引语：①用“tell sb. to do sth.”结构（“tell”匹配“安全员对众人”的告知语气）；②补充宾语“people”（原直接引语无明确宾语，需根据语境补充），动词“Wear”变为“to wear”。 4. 否定祈使句（表警告）转间接引语：①用“warn (sb.) not to do sth.”结构（“warn”匹配“警告不要触碰机器”的语气）；②“not”加在“to”前，即“not to touch”，原句无明确宾语，故省略“sb.”；③从句“while it's running”时态倒推为“while it was running”。 5. 祈使句（表建议）转间接引语：①用“tell sb. to do sth.”结构（“tell”匹配“培训师对我们”的建议语气）；②指示代词“this”变为“that”，动词“Practice”变为“to practice”，人称“us”与主句宾语一致。 二、能力提升题 （一）选择最佳答案 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 【解析】 1. ①时态：主句“said”（过去时），直接引语“am going to”（现在将来时）需倒推为“was going to”（过去将来时），排除A、D；②时间状语“tomorrow”需变为“the next day”（间接引语中过去视角的“第二天”），排除C，故选B。 2. ①语序：一般疑问句间接引语需陈述语序（主语+谓语），排除B（had I，疑问语序）、D（have I，疑问语序）；②时态：主句“asked”（过去时），直接引语“have finished”（现在完成时）需倒推为“had finished”，排除A，故选C。 3. 否定祈使句间接引语固定结构为“warn sb. not to do sth.”（“not”需在“to”前）：①排除B（to not use，结构错误）、D（not use，缺少“to”）；②“warn”后接不定式结构，不能直接接“don't use”（句子结构错误），排除C，故选A。 4. ①人称：直接引语“We”（第一人称）随主句主语“They”（第三人称）仍为“they”，排除A（we will）、D（we would）；②时态：“will”倒推为“would”，时间状语“next week”变为“the next week”，排除B（they will），故选C。 5. ①语序：特殊疑问句间接引语需陈述语序，排除A（does this machine，疑问语序）、C（did this machine，疑问语序）；②时态与指示代词：“does”倒推为“did”，“this machine”变为“that machine”（间接引语远指），排除B（this machine does，时态与指示代词错误），故选D。 （二）判断下列句子是否正确，错误的请改正 1. （×）改正：She said that she would come to the meeting. 2. （×）改正：He asked me where I worked. 3. （×）改正：The manager ordered the workers not to be late. 4. （×）改正：They said that they had finished the project the day before. 5. （×）改正：She asked if I knew how to operate the machine. 【解析】 1. 时态错误：主句“said”（过去时），直接引语“will”（一般将来时）需倒推为“would”（过去将来时），原句未倒推时态，故错误。 2. 语序与时态错误：①疑问句间接引语需陈述语序，原句“where do I work”是疑问语序（助动词“do”在主语前），需调整为“where I worked”；②主句“asked”（过去时），“do work”需倒推为“worked”（省略助动词“do”），原句语序和时态均错误。 3. 否定结构错误：祈使句间接引语“order sb. not to do sth.”中，“not”需放在“to”前，原句“to not be late”结构错误（“not”位置不当）。 4. 时间状语错误：主句“said”（过去时），直接引语“yesterday”（当下视角“昨天”）需变为“the day before”（过去视角“前一天”），原句未转换时间状语，故错误。 5. 时态错误：主句“asked”（过去时），直接引语“know”（一般现在时）需倒推为“knew”（一般过去时），原句未倒推时态，故错误。 （三）将下列间接引语转换为直接引语 1. The technician said, "I am repairing the equipment." 2. She asked me, "Can you help me with the project?" 3. The manager told us, "You should improve your efficiency." 4. He asked, "When will the new products arrive?" 5. The safety officer warned us, "Don't enter the restricted area." 【解析】 1. 间接引语（过去进行时）转直接引语：①删除“that”，添加引号和逗号；②时态“was repairing”（过去进行时）正向还原为“am repairing”（现在进行时）；③人称“he”（第三人称）还原为“I”（第一人称，贴合说话人“technician”的视角）。 2. 间接引语（一般疑问句）转直接引语：①删除“if”，添加引号和逗号，句末用问号；②时态“could”（过去时）还原为“can”（现在时）；③语序从陈述语序“I could”还原为疑问语序“Can you”，贴合直接引语的疑问语气。 3. 间接引语（祈使句含义）转直接引语：①删除“that”，添加引号和逗号；②人称“we”（第三人称视角）还原为“You”（第二人称，贴合说话人“manager”对“us”的直接对话视角）；③“should improve”保持原形（情态动词无时态还原需求）。 4. 间接引语（特殊疑问句）转直接引语：①删除“that”，保留疑问词“when”，添加引号和逗号，句末用问号；②时态“would arrive”（过去将来时）还原为“will arrive”（一般将来时）；③语序从陈述语序“the new products would”还原为疑问语序“will the new products”。 5. 间接引语（否定祈使句）转直接引语：①删除“not to”，添加引号和逗号，否定祈使句开头用“Don't”；②时态“enter”（不定式）还原为动词原形“enter”，贴合直接引语“警告不要做某事”的祈使语气，句末用句号（表命令语气）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第二编 句法 第十九章 直接引语与间接引语 第一节 直接引语与间接引语精讲 一、直接引语与间接引语概述 在英语中，引用别人的话有两种方式：直接引语和间接引语。 直接引语（Direct Speech）是直接引用别人的原话，通常放在引号内，并且保留说话人的原有语气和表达方式。 间接引语（Indirect Speech），也称为转述引语，是用自己的话转述别人的话，不需要使用引号，并且通常需要根据语境改变时态、人称、时间状语和地点状语等。 在职业场景中，正确使用直接引语和间接引语对于准确传达信息、记录会议内容、汇报工作等非常重要。例如，在工作汇报中可能需要转述上级的指示，在会议记录中需要准确记录发言人的观点。 直接引语基本结构： 主语 + 谓语动词 + "直接引语内容" 例句： The manager said, "We will start the new project next week."（经理说："我们下周将开始新项目。"） 间接引语基本结构： 主语 + 谓语动词 + 连接词 + 间接引语内容（宾语从句） 例句： The manager said that they would start the new project the next week.（经理说他们下周将开始新项目。） 常用的引述动词： say, tell, ask, order, request, suggest, advise, promise, warn等。 （一）陈述句的间接引语转换 将直接引语的陈述句转换为间接引语时，通常需要以下步骤： 去掉引号，在引语前加连接词that（that有时可以省略） 根据主句的谓语动词时态调整从句的时态 调整人称代词、物主代词和指示代词 调整时间状语、地点状语和方向性副词 1.时态的变化规则： 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，间接引语的时态通常要作相应调整： 直接引语时态 间接引语时态 例句转换 一般现在时 一般过去时 直接：He said, "I work in a factory." 间接：He said (that) he worked in a factory. 现在进行时 过去进行时 直接：She said, "I am checking the equipment." 间接：She said (that) she was checking the equipment. 现在完成时 过去完成时 直接：They said, "We have finished the task." 间接：They said (that) they had finished the task. 一般过去时 过去完成时 直接：He said, "I repaired the machine yesterday." 间接：He said (that) he had repaired the machine the day before. 一般将来时 过去将来时 直接：The manager said, "We will hold a meeting tomorrow." 间接：The manager said (that) they would hold a meeting the next day. 注意：如果直接引语陈述的是客观真理、科学事实或习惯性动作，变为间接引语时，时态可以不变： 直接：The teacher said, "Water boils at 100°C." 间接：The teacher said (that) water boils at 100°C. 2.人称代词的变化规则： 遵循"一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新"的原则： "一随主"：直接引语中的第一人称代词变为间接引语时，要与主句的主语人称一致 直接：He said, "I will finish the work." 间接：He said (that) he would finish the work. "二随宾"：直接引语中的第二人称代词变为间接引语时，要与主句的宾语人称一致 直接：She said to me, "You are responsible for this." 间接：She told me (that) I was responsible for this. "第三人称不更新"：直接引语中的第三人称代词变为间接引语时，人称不变 直接：They said, "He has done a good job." 间接：They said (that) he had done a good job. 3.时间状语、地点状语和方向性副词的变化： 直接引语 间接引语 例句转换 now then 直接：He said, "I am busy now." 间接：He said (that) he was busy then. today that day 直接：She said, "I will check it today." 间接：She said (that) she would check it that day. yesterday the day before 直接：He said, "I finished it yesterday." 间接：He said (that) he had finished it the day before. tomorrow the next day/the following day 直接：They said, "We will start tomorrow." 间接：They said (that) they would start the next day. here there 直接：She said, "I work here." 间接：She said (that) she worked there. this that 直接：He said, "This machine is new." 间接：He said (that) that machine was new. these those 直接：They said, "These tools are useful." 间接：They said (that) those tools were useful. come go 直接：He said, "I will come tomorrow." 间接：He said (that) he would go the next day. （二）疑问句的间接引语转换 将直接引语的疑问句转换为间接引语时，需要注意以下几点： 去掉引号和问号，将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序 根据疑问句类型选择合适的连接词：一般疑问句用if或whether，特殊疑问句用原来的疑问词 调整时态、人称、时间状语和地点状语（规则与陈述句转换相同） 引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等 1.一般疑问句的转换： 直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语用if或whether引导： 直接：The manager asked, "Do you know how to operate this machine?" 间接：The manager asked if/whether I knew how to operate that machine. 直接：She asked, "Will they finish the project on time?" 间接：She asked if/whether they would finish the project on time. 2.特殊疑问句的转换： 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，且从句用陈述句语序： 直接：He asked, "When will the new equipment arrive?" 间接：He asked when the new equipment would arrive. 直接：The technician asked, "How does this system work?" 间接：The technician asked how that system worked. 直接：She asked me, "Where do you store the materials?" 间接：She asked me where I stored the materials. （三）祈使句的间接引语转换 将直接引语的祈使句转换为间接引语时，需要注意以下几点： 去掉引号，将祈使句改为动词不定式短语 根据祈使句的语气选择合适的引述动词：表示命令用order, tell；表示请求用ask, request；表示建议用advise, suggest等 如果是否定祈使句，在不定式前加not 1.肯定祈使句的转换： 直接：The supervisor said to the workers, "Finish the task before Friday." 间接：The supervisor ordered the workers to finish the task before Friday. 直接：He said to me, "Pass me the tools." 间接：He asked me to pass him the tools. 直接：The trainer said to us, "Practice operating this machine regularly." 间接：The trainer advised us to practice operating that machine regularly. 2.否定祈使句的转换： 直接：The safety officer said, "Don't touch the equipment without permission." 间接：The safety officer warned us not to touch the equipment without permission. 直接：He said to me, "Don't tell anyone about this." 间接：He told me not to tell anyone about that. 二、使用直接引语与间接引语的注意事项 （一）引述动词的选择 应根据原句的语气和语境选择合适的引述动词： 陈述事实或观点：say, tell, state, explain等 提出疑问：ask, wonder, inquire等 发出命令：order, command, tell等 提出请求：ask, request, beg等 给出建议：advise, suggest, propose等 发出警告：warn, caution等 做出承诺：promise, guarantee等 （二）标点符号的使用 直接引语需要用引号(" ")或单引号(' ')括起来 引述动词在直接引语前时，引述动词后用逗号 间接引语不需要用引号，句末用句号 （三）当主句为现在时态时 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），间接引语的时态通常不需要改变： 直接：He says, "I am busy now." 间接：He says (that) he is busy now. 直接：She has told us, "We will start the project next week." 间接：She has told us (that) we will start the project next week. （四）suggest的特殊用法 suggest表示"建议"时，其后的宾语从句通常用"(should) + 动词原形"的虚拟语气结构： 直接：He said, "We should improve the production process." 间接：He suggested that they should improve the production process. 或：He suggested that they improve the production process. 三、职业场景中的直接引语与间接引语应用 在职业场景中，直接引语和间接引语常用于会议记录、工作汇报、传达指示、记录客户要求等场合： 场景 直接引语例句 间接引语转换 应用目的 工作会议 The manager said, "We need to increase productivity by 10% next quarter." The manager said that they needed to increase productivity by 10% the next quarter. 准确传达管理层的目标和要求 技术培训 The trainer said to us, "You must wear protective gear when operating this machine." The trainer told us that we must wear protective gear when operating that machine. 正确转述培训中的重要安全规定 客户沟通 The client asked, "Can you deliver the products by the end of this month?" The client asked if we could deliver the products by the end of that month. 向团队准确传达客户的疑问和要求 安全指示 The safety officer said, "Don't enter this area without authorization." The safety officer warned us not to enter that area without authorization. 有效传达安全警告和限制规定 项目讨论 He suggested, "We should hold a meeting to discuss the problem." He suggested that we should hold a meeting to discuss the problem. 恰当转述他人的建议和意见 四、课标要求 了解直接引语和间接引语的定义和区别；掌握陈述句、疑问句和祈使句从直接引语转换为间接引语的基本规则；理解时态、人称、时间状语和地点状语在转换过程中的变化；能根据职业场景的需要，正确使用直接引语和间接引语记录和转述信息；能读懂包含直接引语和间接引语的职业相关英文材料，并能根据职业需求撰写包含直接引语和间接引语的句子和段落。 第二节 直接引语与间接引语专项练习 一、基础巩固题 （一）将下列直接引语转换为间接引语 1.The technician said, "I have repaired the machine." _________________________________________________ 2.She said to me, "You can use this equipment." _________________________________________________ 3.The manager said, "We will have a meeting tomorrow." _________________________________________________ 4.He said, "I am working on a new project now." _________________________________________________ 5.They said, "We finished the task yesterday." _________________________________________________ （二）将下列疑问句的直接引语转换为间接引语 1.She asked, "Do you know how to solve this problem?" _________________________________________________ 2.The supervisor asked, "When will they complete the work?" _________________________________________________ 3.He asked me, "Where do you store the raw materials?" _________________________________________________ 4.The client asked, "Is the product available in different sizes?" _________________________________________________ 5.They asked, "How much does this equipment cost?" _________________________________________________ （三）将下列祈使句的直接引语转换为间接引语 1.The manager said to the workers, "Finish the task before Friday." _________________________________________________ 2.She said to me, "Pass me the operation manual." _________________________________________________ 3.The safety officer said, "Wear protective clothing at all times." _________________________________________________ 4.He said, "Don't touch the machine while it's running." _________________________________________________ 5.The trainer said to us, "Practice this procedure every day." _________________________________________________ 二、能力提升题 （一）选择最佳答案 （ ）1.He said, "I am going to visit the factory tomorrow." →He said that he ______ going to visit the factory ______. A. is, tomorrow B. was, the next day C. was, tomorrow D. is, the next day （ ）2.She asked me, "Have you finished the report?" →She asked me if ______ finished the report. A. I have B. had I C. I had D. have I （ ）3.The supervisor said, "Don't use this equipment without training." →The supervisor warned us ______ that equipment without training. A. not to use B. to not use C. don't use D. not use （ ）4.They said, "We will start production next week." →They said that ______ start production ______. A. we will, next week B. they will, the next week C. they would, the next week D. we would, next week （ ）5.He asked, "How does this machine work?" →He asked how ______ work. A. does this machine B. this machine does C. did this machine D. that machine did （二）判断下列句子是否正确，错误的请改正 1.She said that she will come to the meeting. 2.He asked me where do I work. 3.The manager ordered the workers to not be late. 4.They said that they had finished the project yesterday. 5.She asked if I know how to operate the machine. （三）将下列间接引语转换为直接引语 1.The technician said that he was repairing the equipment. _________________________________________________ 2.She asked me if I could help her with the project. _________________________________________________ 3.The manager told us that we should improve our efficiency. _________________________________________________ 4.He asked when the new products would arrive. _________________________________________________ 5.The safety officer warned us not to enter the restricted area. _________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $