2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第十八章 主从复合句 主语从句与表语从句导学案

2026-02-04
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第二编:句法 第十八章 主从复合句:主语从句与表语从句 第二节 主语从句与表语从句专项练习 答案与解析 一、基础巩固题 (一)用适当的连接词填空 1. What 2. that 3. whether 4. Who 5. where 6. When/Where 7. that 8. that 【解析】 1. 句子为主语从句,从句中缺少“导致事故的事物”这一主语,需用连接代词What引导,指代事物并在从句中作主语。 2. 句子为“it作形式主语+that引导真正主语从句”的结构,其中that仅起连接作用,无实际意义,不充当从句成分(“we follow the operating instructions”是完整句子,无需额外主/宾/表成分),符合“it is + 形容词 + that从句”的固定句式。 3. 句子为表语从句,从句表达“能否按时完成工作”的疑问含义,且位于系动词“is”后,表疑问的表语从句需用whether引导(“if”不能引导表语从句)。 4. 句子为主语从句,从句中缺少“负责项目的人”这一主语,需用连接代词Who引导,指代人并在从句中作主语。 5. 句子为表语从句,从句表达“新设备将被安装的地点”,缺少地点状语,需用连接副词where引导,在从句中作地点状语。 6. 句子为主语从句,从句表达“会议将举办的时间/地点”,缺少时间或地点状语,可用连接副词When(表时间)或Where(表地点)引导,均符合“从句缺少状语,连接副词在从句中作相应状语”的逻辑。 7. 句子为“it seems + that从句”的固定结构,that仅起连接作用,无实际意义,不充当从句成分(“there is a problem with the system”是完整句子)。 8. 句子为表语从句,且前有“The reason”,需用that引导(“The reason...is that...”是固定句式,“that”不表疑问,仅连接从句,从句“the materials have not arrived”是完整的原因表述)。 (二)选择最佳答案 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 【解析】 1. 从句“the machine broke down”是完整句子,缺少“为什么”这一原因状语,需用连接副词Why引导(A“ What”需在从句中作主语/宾语,从句完整无需;C“ That”无实际意义,无法体现“未知原因”;D“ How”表“方式”,与“unknown”搭配不符合“事故原因未知”的语境)。 2. 句子为“it is + 形容词(necessary)+ that从句”的固定句式,that仅起连接作用,无实际意义(A“ what”需在从句中作成分,从句“we check the equipment regularly”完整;B“ if”表“如果”,不符合“有必要做某事”的语境;D“ which”表“哪一个”,从句无选择含义)。 3. 句子为表语从句,从句表达“能否获得足够资金”的疑问含义,且位于系动词“is”后,需用whether引导(A“ that”无疑问含义,无法体现“问题的不确定性”;C“ what”需在从句中作主语/宾语,从句“we can get enough funding”完整;D“ who”指代人,从句无“人”的相关逻辑)。 4. 从句“will be sent to repair the machine”缺少“被派去修机器的人”这一主语,需用连接代词Who引导(指代人且在从句中作主语;B“ What”指代事物;C“ Which”表“哪一个”,需有选择范围;D“ Whom”指代人但在从句中作宾语,此处缺主语)。 5. 句子为“it is + 形容词(clear)+ that从句”的固定句式,that仅起连接作用,无实际意义(A“ which”表“哪一个”,从句无选择含义;B“ what”需在从句中作成分,从句“the new method is more efficient”完整;D“ why”表“原因”,与“clear”搭配不符合“新方法更高效很明显”的语境)。 6. 句子为表语从句,从句表达“存储原材料的地点”,缺少地点状语,需用where引导(A“ when”表时间,从句无“时间”逻辑;C“ why”表原因,从句无“原因”逻辑;D“ how”表方式,从句无“方式”逻辑)。 7. 从句“he will arrive”是完整句子,缺少“什么时候到达”这一时间状语,需用When引导(B“ That”无实际意义,无法体现“到达时间不重要”的语境;C“ What”需在从句中作成分,从句完整;D“ Which”表“哪一个”,从句无选择含义)。 8. 句子为表语从句,从句表达“是否应该推进计划”的疑问含义,且位于系动词“is”后,需用whether引导(A“ that”无疑问含义;B“ if”不能引导表语从句;D“ what”需在从句中作成分,从句“we should proceed with the plan”完整)。 (三)判断下列句子是否正确,错误的请改正 1. 错误;改正:When the new equipment will arrive is not clear. 2. 正确。 3. 错误;改正:The problem is whether we can finish the task on time. 4. 错误;改正:What caused the problem is still unknown. 5. 错误;改正:The reason for the failure is that we didn't prepare well. 【解析】 1. 主语从句需用陈述语序(连接词+主语+谓语),原句“Will the new equipment arrive”是疑问语序,需调整为“the new equipment will arrive”,连接词“When”保留,故改正后为“When the new equipment will arrive is not clear”。 2. 句子为“it is + 形容词(important)+ that从句”的固定句式,从句中“should follow”符合“important”后从句常用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)的语法规则,句子结构和逻辑均正确。 3. 表语从句若表达疑问含义,需用whether引导(“if”不能引导表语从句),原句用“if”不符合语法规则,故将“if”改为“whether”。 4. 主语从句“what caused the problem”的核心词是“what”(指代单数概念的事物),故主句谓语动词需用单数形式“is”,原句用“are”主谓不一致,需改为“is”。 5. “The reason...is that...”是固定句式(“reason”后表语从句需用“that”引导,不能用“because”),原句用“because”不符合语法搭配,故将“because”改为“that”。 二、能力提升题 (一)将下列句子合并为含有主语从句的复合句 1. What caused the system to crash surprised everyone. 2. It is obvious that we need to improve efficiency. 3. Who will be promoted has not been announced. 4. How we can reduce costs is a key question. 5. It is certain that they will arrive next Monday. 【解析】 1. 要求用“What”连接:原句“ The system crashed”可转换为“what caused the system to crash”(What在主语从句中作主语,指代“系统崩溃的原因”),作主句主语;“This surprised everyone”中“this”指代“系统崩溃”,合并后主句谓语为“surprised”,宾语为“everyone”,符合“主语从句+谓语+宾语”的复合句结构。 2. 要求用“It作形式主语”:原句“We need to improve efficiency”是真正主语,需用“that”引导(从句完整,that无实际意义);“It is obvious”中“It”作形式主语,符合“it is + 形容词 + that从句(真正主语)”的固定结构,避免句子头重脚轻。 3. 要求用“Who”连接:原句“Who will be promoted”本身是完整的主语从句(Who在从句中作主语,指代“被提拔的人”),可直接作主句主语;原句“It has not been announced”中“it”指代“谁将被提拔”,合并后主句谓语为“has not been announced”,符合“主语从句+谓语”的复合句结构。 4. 要求用“How”连接:原句“How can we reduce costs”需调整为陈述语序“How we can reduce costs”(How在主语从句中作方式状语),作主句主语;原句“This is a key question”中“this”指代“如何降低成本”,合并后主句表语为“a key question”,符合“主语从句+系动词+表语”的复合句结构。 5. 要求用“It作形式主语”:原句“They will arrive next Monday”是真正主语,需用“that”引导;“It is certain”中“It”作形式主语,符合“it is + 形容词 + that从句(真正主语)”的固定结构,使句子结构更均衡。 (二)将下列句子合并为含有表语从句的复合句 1. The main issue is that we need more workers. 2. The question is whether we can meet the deadline. 3. This is how we can improve quality. 4. The reason for the delay is that the parts have not arrived. 5. This is where we store finished products. 【解析】 1. 要求用“that”连接:原句“The main issue is this”中“this”指代“We need more workers”,需将“this”替换为“that从句”(从句完整,that仅起连接作用,无实际意义),符合“主语+系动词+that引导的表语从句”的结构。 2. 要求用“whether”连接:原句“The question is this”中“this”指代“Can we meet the deadline”,从句表达疑问含义且位于系动词后,需用“whether”引导并调整为陈述语序“we can meet the deadline”,符合“主语+系动词+whether引导的表语从句”的语法规则。 3. 要求用“how”连接:原句“This is the problem”中“the problem”指代“How can we improve quality”,从句需调整为陈述语序“How we can improve quality”(how在从句中作方式状语),符合“主语+系动词+how引导的表语从句”的结构,且逻辑上“这就是我们如何提高质量的方法”通顺。 4. 要求用“that”连接:原句“The reason for the delay is this”中“this”指代“The parts have not arrived”,符合“The reason...is that...”的固定句式(that引导表语从句,说明原因),故将“this”替换为“that the parts have not arrived”。 5. 要求用“where”连接:原句“This is the warehouse”中“the warehouse”指代“we store finished products here”,从句需调整为陈述语序“we store finished products”(where在从句中作地点状语,代替“here”),符合“主语+系动词+where引导的表语从句”的结构,且逻辑上“这就是我们存储成品的地方”通顺。 (三)句子翻译(根据括号中的提示翻译句子) 1. It is obvious that we need to update the equipment. 2. Who will be responsible for this project has not been decided yet. 3. The problem is whether we can finish this work before Friday. 4. What caused the machine failure is still unknown. 5. This is why we need to change the production process. 6. It is reported that the new production line will be put into operation next month. 7. The key is how we can improve the quality of our products. 8. Whether we need to increase investment is still under discussion. 【解析】 1. 要求“用it作形式主语”:“我们需要更新设备”是真正主语,用“that”引导从句“that we need to update the equipment”;“很明显”译为“it is obvious”,其中“it”作形式主语,符合“it is + 形容词 + that从句”的固定结构,避免主语过长导致句子失衡。 2. 要求“用who引导主语从句”:“谁将负责这个项目”译为“who will be responsible for this project”(who在从句中作主语),作主句主语;“还没有决定”译为“has not been decided yet”(被动语态,符合“事情未被决定”的逻辑),整体符合“主语从句+谓语”的复合句结构。 3. 要求“用whether引导表语从句”:“问题是”译为“the problem is”;“我们能否在周五前完成这项工作”译为“whether we can finish this work before Friday”(whether表疑问,引导表语从句,且调整为陈述语序),符合“主语+系动词+whether表语从句”的语法规则。 4. 要求“用what引导主语从句”:“是什么导致了机器故障”译为“what caused the machine failure”(what在从句中作主语,指代“导致故障的事物”),作主句主语;“仍然未知”译为“is still unknown”,整体符合“主语从句+谓语”的复合句结构。 5. 要求“用why引导表语从句”:“这就是”译为“this is”;“我们需要改变生产流程的原因”译为“why we need to change the production process”(why在从句中作原因状语,符合“this is why...”表“这就是……的原因”的固定句式)。 6. 要求“用it作形式主语”:“新的生产线将于下月投产”是真正主语,用“that”引导从句“that the new production line will be put into operation next month”;“据报道”译为“it is reported”,其中“it”作形式主语,符合“it is + 过去分词 + that从句”的固定结构(表“据……报道/说”)。 7. 要求“用how引导表语从句”:“关键是”译为“the key is”;“我们如何提高产品质量”译为“how we can improve the quality of our products”(how在从句中作方式状语,引导表语从句且用陈述语序),符合“主语+系动词+how表语从句”的结构。 8. 要求“用whether引导主语从句”:“我们是否需要增加投资”译为“whether we need to increase investment”(whether表疑问,引导主语从句),作主句主语;“还在讨论中”译为“is still under discussion”,整体符合“主语从句+谓语”的复合句结构(“under discussion”是固定搭配,表“在讨论中”)。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 第二编 句法 第十八章 主从复合句:主语从句与表语从句(理解层次) 第一节 主语从句与表语从句精讲 一、主语从句概述 主语从句(Subject Clause)是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常位于句首,也可以用it作形式主语而将从句置于句末。 在职业场景中,主语从句常用于表达专业判断、事实陈述或疑问,使表达更加准确和正式。例如在技术报告中可以使用"What caused the equipment failure needs further analysis"(导致设备故障的原因需要进一步分析)。 基本结构1:主语从句 + 谓语 + 其他成分 例句: What the engineer said is very important.(工程师所说的话非常重要。) 基本结构2:It + 谓语 + 其他成分 + 主语从句 例句: It is clear that we need to upgrade the system.(很明显,我们需要升级系统。) 引导主语从句的连接词: 连接代词:what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 连接副词:when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 从属连词:that, whether, if(注:if引导的主语从句不能位于句首) 连接词引导的主语从句 不同的连接词引导的主语从句具有不同的含义和用法: 连接词类型 连接词 含义 职业场景例句 从属连词 that 无实际意义,只起连接作用 That the machine needs maintenance is obvious.(这台机器需要维修是很明显的。) It is important that we follow the safety rules.(我们遵守安全规则是很重要的。) 从属连词 whether "是否",表示疑问 Whether the project will be completed on time is uncertain.(这个项目是否能按时完成还不确定。) It remains to be seen whether the new method will work.(这种新方法是否有效还有待观察。) 连接代词 what, who, which等 在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等 What caused the problem is still unknown.(是什么导致了这个问题仍然未知。) Who will be in charge of the project has not been decided yet.(谁将负责这个项目尚未决定。) It is unclear which option is better.(不清楚哪个选项更好。) 连接副词 when, where, how, why等 在从句中充当状语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等 When the new equipment will arrive is not clear.(新设备何时到达还不清楚。) How we can improve efficiency is a key question.(我们如何提高效率是一个关键问题。) It is still unknown why the system failed.(系统为什么会故障仍然未知。) 形式主语it的常用句型: It + be + 形容词 + that从句 It is necessary that we check the equipment daily.(我们每天检查设备是必要的。) It + be + 名词 + that从句 It is a fact that the new method reduces costs.(新方法降低了成本是事实。) It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 It is reported that the production line will be upgraded.(据报道,生产线将进行升级。) It + 不及物动词 + that从句 It seems that the problem has been solved.(似乎问题已经解决了。) 二、表语从句概述 表语从句(Predicative Clause)是在复合句中充当表语的从句,位于系动词(如be, become, seem, look, appear等)之后,说明主语的性质、特征、状态或内容。 在职业场景中,表语从句常用于解释说明、表明观点或陈述事实,如在工作汇报中可以使用"The main issue is how we can meet the deadline"(主要问题是我们如何能按期完成)。 基本结构:主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 例句: The problem is that we don't have enough materials.(问题是我们没有足够的材料。) 引导表语从句的连接词: 连接代词:what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 连接副词:when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 从属连词:that, whether, as if, as though 连接词引导的表语从句 不同的连接词引导的表语从句具有不同的含义和用法: 连接词类型 连接词 含义 职业场景例句 从属连词 that 无实际意义,只起连接作用(通常不可省略) The fact is that we need more workers.(事实是我们需要更多工人。) Our decision is that we will invest in new technology.(我们的决定是投资新技术。) 从属连词 whether "是否",表示疑问 The question is whether we can finish the task on time.(问题是我们能否按时完成任务。) The main issue is whether the budget is sufficient.(主要问题是预算是否充足。) 连接代词 what, who, which等 在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等 The problem is what caused the machine to stop.(问题是是什么导致机器停止运转。) The question is who will be responsible for the project.(问题是谁将负责这个项目。) 连接副词 when, where, how, why等 在从句中充当状语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等 The key is how we can improve the production process.(关键是我们如何改进生产流程。) This is where the materials are stored.(这是存放材料的地方。) That's why we need to change our approach.(这就是我们需要改变方法的原因。) 特殊连词 as if, as though "好像,似乎" The machine looks as if it needs repair.(这台机器看起来好像需要修理。) It seems as though the system has crashed.(系统好像崩溃了。) 表语从句的特殊句型: This is why...(这就是……的原因) This is why we need to follow the safety procedures.(这就是我们需要遵守安全规程的原因。) This is where...(这就是……的地方) This is where the new equipment will be installed.(这就是新设备将要安装的地方。) The reason...is that...(……的原因是……) The reason we failed is that we didn't prepare adequately.(我们失败的原因是准备不足。) 三、使用主语从句和表语从句的注意事项 语序问题 主语从句和表语从句都要用陈述句语序,不能用疑问句语序: 错误:When will the meeting start is not clear. 正确:When the meeting will start is not clear.(会议何时开始还不清楚。) 错误:The question is how can we solve this problem. 正确:The question is how we can solve this problem.(问题是我们如何能解决这个问题。) 连接词的选择 that在主语从句中有时可以省略(尤其当用it作形式主语时),但在表语从句中通常不省略: It is important (that) we attend the training.(我们参加培训很重要。) The fact is that we need more time.(事实是我们需要更多时间。) if不能引导位于句首的主语从句,也不能引导表语从句,应用whether: 错误:If the plan will work is uncertain. 正确:Whether the plan will work is uncertain.(这个计划是否可行还不确定。) 错误:The question is if we should proceed. 正确:The question is whether we should proceed.(问题是我们是否应该继续。) 主谓一致 主语从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式: What causes the problem is unknown.(是什么导致这个问题还不清楚。) When they will arrive has not been decided.(他们何时到达尚未决定。) 但如果主语从句表示复数意义,谓语动词也可用复数形式: What appear to be mistakes are actually correct.(那些看起来像错误的地方实际上是正确的。) 四、职业场景中的主语从句与表语从句应用 在职业场景中,主语从句和表语从句常用于专业报告、工作汇报、技术说明等正式场合,使表达更加准确和严谨: 场景 例句 从句类型 应用目的 技术报告 What caused the equipment failure needs further investigation.(导致设备故障的原因需要进一步调查。) 主语从句 明确需要调查的核心问题 工作汇报 It is clear that we need to improve our production efficiency.(很明显,我们需要提高生产效率。) 主语从句(it作形式主语) 清晰表达工作结论 项目讨论 The main challenge is how we can reduce the costs.(主要挑战是我们如何能降低成本。) 表语从句 明确指出项目面临的问题 安全培训 The most important thing is that all workers follow the safety rules.(最重要的是所有工人都要遵守安全规则。) 表语从句 强调安全培训的核心要求 设备操作 It is essential that operators check the machine before use.(操作员使用前检查机器是必不可少的。) 主语从句(it作形式主语) 强调操作程序的关键步骤 五、课标要求 了解主语从句和表语从句的定义和基本特征;掌握引导主语从句和表语从句的连接词(that, whether, what, who, which, when, where, why, how等)的用法;理解形式主语it的用法;能正确使用主语从句和表语从句描述职业场景中的问题、现象和观点;能读懂包含主语从句和表语从句的职业相关英文材料,并能根据职业需求撰写包含这些从句的句子和段落。 第二节 主语从句与表语从句专项练习 一、基础巩固题 (一)用适当的连接词填空 1.______ caused the accident is still under investigation. 2.It is important ______ we follow the operating instructions. 3.The question is ______ we can finish the work on time. 4.______ will be responsible for the project has not been decided yet. 5.This is ______ the new equipment will be installed. 6.______ the meeting will be held is not clear. 7.It seems ______ there is a problem with the system. 8.The reason for the delay is ______ the materials have not arrived. (二)选择最佳答案 ( )1.______ the machine broke down is still unknown. A. What B. Why C. That D. How ( )2.It is necessary ______ we check the equipment regularly. A. what B. if C. that D. which ( )3.The problem is ______ we can get enough funding. A. that B. whether C. what D. who ( )4.______ will be sent to repair the machine has not been decided. A. Who B. What C. Which D. Whom ( )5.It is clear ______ the new method is more efficient. A. which B. what C. that D. why ( )6.This is ______ we store the raw materials. A. when B. where C. why D. how ( )7.______ he will arrive is not important. A. When B. That C. What D. Which ( )8.The question is ______ we should proceed with the plan. A. that B. if C. whether D. what (三)判断下列句子是否正确,错误的请改正 1.When will the new equipment arrive is not clear. 2.It is important that we should follow the safety rules. 3.The problem is if we can finish the task on time. 4.What caused the problem are still unknown. 5.The reason for the failure is because we didn't prepare well. 二、能力提升题 (一)将下列句子合并为含有主语从句的复合句 1.The system crashed. This surprised everyone.(用What连接) _________________________________________________ 2.We need to improve efficiency. It is obvious.(用It作形式主语) _________________________________________________ 3.Who will be promoted? It has not been announced.(用Who连接) _________________________________________________ 4.How can we reduce costs? This is a key question.(用How连接) _________________________________________________ 5.They will arrive next Monday. It is certain.(用It作形式主语) _________________________________________________ (二)将下列句子合并为含有表语从句的复合句 1.The main issue is this. We need more workers.(用that连接) _________________________________________________ 2.The question is this. Can we meet the deadline?(用whether连接) _________________________________________________ 3.This is the problem. How can we improve quality?(用how连接) _________________________________________________ 4.The reason for the delay is this. The parts have not arrived.(用that连接) _________________________________________________ 5.This is the warehouse. We store finished products here.(用where连接) _________________________________________________ (三)句子翻译(根据括号中的提示翻译句子) 1.我们需要更新设备是很明显的。(用it作形式主语) 2.谁将负责这个项目还没有决定。(用who引导主语从句) 3.问题是我们能否在周五前完成这项工作。(用whether引导表语从句) 4.是什么导致了机器故障仍然未知。(用what引导主语从句) 5.这就是我们需要改变生产流程的原因。(用why引导表语从句) 6.据报道,新的生产线将于下月投产。(用it作形式主语) 7.关键是我们如何提高产品质量。(用how引导表语从句) 8.我们是否需要增加投资还在讨论中。(用whether引导主语从句) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第十八章 主从复合句 主语从句与表语从句导学案
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2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第十八章 主从复合句 主语从句与表语从句导学案
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2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第十八章 主从复合句 主语从句与表语从句导学案
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