2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第二十章 强调、倒装与省略导学案

2026-02-04
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第二编 句法 第二十章 强调、倒装与省略 第一节 强调、倒装与省略精讲 一、强调结构 强调是英语中常用的修辞手法,用于突出句子中的某个成分,使该信息更加引人注目。在职业场景中,正确使用强调结构可以使指令更明确、重点更突出,有助于准确传达关键信息。 (一) It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分 这是英语中最常用的强调结构,可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等。 强调主语:It is the manager that/who makes the final decision.(是经理做最终决定。) 强调宾语:It is this machine that we need to repair.(我们需要修理的是这台机器。) 强调时间状语:It was yesterday that the accident happened.(事故是昨天发生的。) 强调地点状语:It is in the workshop that we will hold the training.(我们将在车间进行培训。) 注意: 被强调部分是人时,可用that或who;强调事物或状语时,只能用that 原句时态为现在时或将来时,强调结构用It is...;原句为过去时,用It was... 强调结构的疑问句形式:Is it...that...? / Was it...that...? (二)助动词do/does/did + 动词原形 这种结构用于强调谓语动词,通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。 He does know how to operate this equipment.(他确实知道如何操作这台设备。) We did finish the task on time.(我们的确按时完成了任务。) The new system does improve our work efficiency.(新系统确实提高了我们的工作效率。) (三)其他强调方式 使用副词:really, indeed, certainly, especially等 Safety is really important in production.(安全在生产中确实很重要。) 使用强调句型"What...is/was..." What we need is more training.(我们所需要的是更多培训。) 改变句子结构,将需要强调的部分置于句首 This procedure you must follow strictly.(这个流程你必须严格遵守。) (四)职业场景中的强调结构应用 场景 普通句 强调句 强调目的 安全培训 You must wear protective gear in the workshop. It is protective gear that you must wear in the workshop. 强调必须穿戴防护装备 工作安排 We will complete the project next Friday. It is next Friday that we will complete the project. 强调项目完成时间 设备操作 You should check the machine before starting it. You do need to check the machine before starting it. 强调操作前检查的必要性 二、倒装句 倒装句是指将句子的正常语序颠倒,通常将谓语动词置于主语之前。倒装结构主要用于强调句首成分、平衡句子结构或符合某些语法规则。在职业文档和交流中,适当使用倒装句可以使表达更正式、重点更突出。 (一) 全部倒装 全部倒装指将整个谓语动词提到主语之前,通常用于以下情况: 1.以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副词开头的句子 Here comes the manager.(经理来了。) There goes the bell for the break.(休息铃声响了。) 2.以表示地点的介词短语开头的句子 In the workshop are many new machines.(车间里有许多新机器。) On the table lies the operation manual.(操作手册在桌子上。) 注意:全部倒装句中,若主语是人称代词,则不倒装。 Here he comes.(他来了。)而非Here comes he. (二)部分倒装 部分倒装指将谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词等)提到主语之前,主要用于以下情况: 1.否定副词或短语位于句首时:never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, not, nowhere, at no time, in no way, under no circumstances等 Never have we seen such a serious problem.(我们从未见过如此严重的问题。) Under no circumstances should you operate the machine without permission.(在任何情况下,你都不应该未经许可操作这台机器。) 2.only + 状语位于句首时 Only by following the procedure can we ensure safety.(只有遵循流程,我们才能确保安全。) Only when the machine stops should you check it.(只有当机器停止时,你才可以检查它。) 3.so, nor, neither表示"也"或"也不"时 The first machine has been checked, and so has the second one.(第一台机器已检查,第二台也检查过了。) He doesn't know how to solve this problem, nor do I.(他不知道如何解决这个问题,我也不知道。) 4.在as引导的让步状语从句中(表语提前) Difficult as the task is, we must complete it on time.(尽管任务艰巨,我们必须按时完成。) 5.在虚拟语气中,if条件句省略if时 Should you encounter any problem, please contact me immediately.(如果你遇到任何问题,请立即联系我。) Were I you, I would report the issue at once.(如果我是你,我会立即报告这个问题。) 倒装句与正常语序对比 情况 正常语序 倒装语序 以here开头 The new equipment comes here. Here comes the new equipment. 否定副词开头 We rarely have such opportunities. Rarely do we have such opportunities. only + 状语 We can improve efficiency only in this way. Only in this way can we improve efficiency. so表示"也" The manager will attend the meeting, and the supervisor will attend too. The manager will attend the meeting, and so will the supervisor. 三、省略句 省略句是指在不影响句子意思表达的前提下,省略句子中某些重复或已知的成分,使语言更简洁明了。在职业交流中,适当使用省略句可以使沟通更高效,尤其是在对话、指令和通知中。 (一) 简单句中的省略 1.省略主语(多见于祈使句或对话中) (You) Open the door, please.(请开门。) (I) Have finished the task.(已完成任务。) 2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分 Some workers are in the workshop, others (are) in the office.(一些工人在车间,另一些在办公室。) He will come if he (will) come.(如果他要来,他会来的。) 3.省略宾语 Have you read the report? Yes, I have (read the report).(你读报告了吗?是的,我读了。) (二) 复合句中的省略 1.状语从句中的省略(当主从句主语一致,且从句中有be动词时) While (you are) operating the machine, you must be careful.(操作机器时,你必须小心。) The equipment will be checked before (it is) used.(设备使用前将进行检查。) 2.宾语从句中的省略(省略引导词that,尤其在口语中) He said (that) he would finish the work on time.(他说他会按时完成工作。) 3.定语从句中的省略(当关系代词在从句中作宾语时) The manual (that/which) you need is on the shelf.(你需要的手册在架子上。) (三) 并列句中的省略 在并列句中,后面的分句可以省略与前面分句中相同的成分。 Some workers check the machines, and others (check) the tools.(一些工人检查机器,另一些检查工具。) We finished the first task on Monday and (finished) the second (task) on Wednesday.(我们周一完成了第一项任务,周三完成了第二项。) (四)职业场景中的省略句应用 场景 完整句 省略句 应用优势 工作指令 You should check the safety device before you start the machine. Check the safety device before starting the machine. 更简洁,适合快速传达指令 工作汇报 I have completed the first phase of the project, and I will complete the second phase next week. I have completed the first phase of the project, and the second next week. 更高效,节省汇报时间 设备检查 The first machine has been checked, and the second machine has been checked too. The first machine has been checked, and the second too. 更精炼,适合记录检查结果 四、强调、倒装与省略的注意事项 (一)强调结构的注意事项 强调结构不能用来强调谓语动词,强调谓语动词需用do/does/did 强调结构中的that不能省略,即使被强调的是人 在强调时间状语和地点状语时,只能用that,不能用when或where (二)倒装句的注意事项 并非所有以副词或介词短语开头的句子都需要倒装,只有当这些词或短语表示地点、方向等,且主语是名词时才倒装 only修饰主语时,句子不倒装:Only the manager can make this decision. 否定词修饰主语时,句子不倒装:Not all workers agree with this plan. (三)省略句的注意事项 省略必须以不影响理解为前提,不能因省略而造成歧义 在正式书面语中,省略的情况比口语中少,应适当使用完整形式 注意避免不当省略,尤其是在重要的职业文档和安全指令中 (四)职业场景中的使用原则 在安全说明和操作指令中,适当使用强调结构突出关键信息 在正式报告和文档中,可适当使用倒装句使表达更正式、严谨 在口头交流和简短通知中,可适当使用省略句提高沟通效率 无论使用哪种结构,都应以清晰、准确传达信息为首要目标 五、课标要求 了解强调、倒装与省略的基本概念和语法功能;掌握常用强调结构的构成和用法,能正确使用强调句型突出句子的不同成分;理解倒装句的基本类型和构成规则,能识别和使用常见的倒装结构;掌握省略句的基本用法,能在语境中正确理解和使用省略形式;能根据职业场景的需要,恰当运用强调、倒装与省略结构,提高语言表达的准确性和得体性;能读懂包含这些结构的职业相关英文材料,并能根据职业需求撰写包含这些结构的句子和段落。 第二节 强调、倒装与省略专项练习 一、基础巩固题 (一)将下列句子改为强调句(强调括号中的部分) 1.We need to check the equipment (before operation). _________________________________________________ 2.The technician will repair the machine tomorrow. _________________________________________________ 3.The manager discussed the new project in the meeting. _________________________________________________ 4.They completed the task by working overtime. _________________________________________________ 5.In 2023, our company introduced this new system. _________________________________________________ (二)用do/does/did强调下列句子的谓语动词 1.We need to follow the safety rules. _________________________________________________ 2.The new procedure improves our work efficiency. _________________________________________________ 3.She finished the report on time. _________________________________________________ 4.They understand the importance of quality control. _________________________________________________ 5.This machine works well after repair. _________________________________________________ (三)将下列句子改为倒装句 1.The manager came into the workshop. _________________________________________________ 2.We have never faced such a difficult situation. _________________________________________________ 3.You can solve this problem only in this way. _________________________________________________ 4.The operation manual is on the desk. _________________________________________________ 5.The first phase of the project was completed, and the second phase was completed too. _________________________________________________ (四)在下列句子中适当位置填入省略的成分 1.When ______ working with electricity, you must wear protective gloves. _________________________________________________ 2.Some workers are responsible for production, and others ______ for quality control. _________________________________________________ 3.He said ______ he would attend the meeting. _________________________________________________ 4.______ Check the machine before ______ starting it. _________________________________________________ 5.Have you read the report? Yes, I ______. _________________________________________________ 二、能力提升题 (一)选择最佳答案 ( )1.______ was in 2022 ______ our company achieved record profits. A. It, when B. It, that C. That, when D. That, which ( )2.Not until all workers left ______ the workshop. A. he closed B. he did close C. did he close D. closed he ( )3.She ______ finish the task on time, although she was very busy. A. does B. did C. has D. had ( )4.______ the safety rules, or you may get hurt. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. You follow ( )5.Only by working together ______ overcome this difficulty. A. we can B. can we C. we will D. will we ( )6.______ difficult the task may be, we must complete it on time. A. As B. Although C. However D. Despite ( )7.The first machine has been checked, and ______ the second. A. so has B. so have C. nor has D. nor have (二)判断下列句子是否正确,错误的请改正 1.It was the manager who he talked to yesterday. 2.Only when the supervisor approves, we can start the work. 3.He suggested that we should to attend the training. 4.Here comes he with the necessary tools. While operating the machine, safety precautions must be taken. (三)将下列倒装句转换为正常语序 1.Never have we received such a positive feedback from clients. _________________________________________________ 2.On the table are the documents you need. _ ________________________________________________ 3.Only after the inspection can we use the equipment. _________________________________________________ 4.So efficient is the new system that we've doubled our productivity. _________________________________________________ 5.Rarely do we encounter such dedicated workers. _________________________________________________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 第二编 句法 第二十章 强调、倒装与省略 第二节 强调、倒装与省略专项练习 答案与解析 一、基础巩固题 (一)将下列句子改为强调句(强调括号中的部分) 1. It is before operation that we need to check the equipment. 2. It is the technician that/who will repair the machine tomorrow.(强调人时可用who或that,强调物或其他成分用that) 3. It is the new project that the manager discussed in the meeting. 4. It is by working overtime that they completed the task. 5. It is in 2023 that our company introduced this new system. 【解析】强调句的基本结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分 1. 强调时间状语“before operation”,用“It is + 时间状语 + that...”结构;去掉“It is...that”后,剩余部分“We need to check the equipment before operation”为完整句子,符合强调句特征。 2. 强调主语“the technician”(人),连接词可用that或who;若强调非人称成分,连接词只能用that,此处主语为人,两种连接词均适用。 3. 强调宾语“the new project”,连接词用that;去掉强调结构后,“The manager discussed the new project in the meeting”句子完整,符合语法要求。 4. 强调方式状语“by working overtime”,连接词用that;强调句中方式状语提前时,无需改变其余部分的语序,仅通过“it is...that”突出强调对象。 5. 强调时间状语“In 2023”,连接词用that;即使时间状语明确,强调句仍需通过固定结构“it is...that”实现强调,不可用when替代that。 (二)用do/does/did强调下列句子的谓语动词 1. We do need to follow the safety rules. 2. The new procedure does improve our work efficiency. 3. She did finish the report on time. 4. They do understand the importance of quality control. 5. This machine does work well after repair. 【解析】用do/does/did强调谓语动词的规则: 1. 句子时态为一般现在时,主语“We”是第一人称复数,需用do强调,后接动词原形“need”,构成“主语 + do + 动词原形”结构,突出“确实需要遵守”的语气。 2. 句子时态为一般现在时,主语“The new procedure”是第三人称单数,需用does强调,后接动词原形“improve”,即使原谓语是第三人称单数形式“improves”,强调时也需还原为原形。 3. 句子时态为一般过去时(“finished”表过去),无论主语人称,均用did强调,后接动词原形“finish”,did仅起强调作用,无实际意义,不改变句子时态。 4. 句子时态为一般现在时,主语“They”是复数,用do强调,后接动词原形“understand”,通过do的添加,增强“确实理解”的肯定语气,适用于口语或书面语中需突出态度的场景。 5. 句子时态为一般现在时,主语“This machine”是第三人称单数,用does强调,后接动词原形“work”,原谓语“works”需还原为原形,符合“does + 动词原形”的强调结构。 (三)将下列句子改为倒装句 1. Into the workshop came the manager.(或Came the manager into the workshop,前者更常用,将地点状语提前) 2. Never have we faced such a difficult situation. 3. Only in this way can you solve this problem. 4. On the desk is the operation manual. 5. The first phase of the project was completed, and so was the second phase. 【解析】倒装句的核心是“将句子中的某一成分(如状语、表语)提前,使谓语动词或助动词位于主语之前”,常见类型及规则: 1. 地点状语“Into the workshop”位于句首,主语是名词“the manager”,需用完全倒装(谓语动词“came”置于主语前);若主语是代词(如“He came into the workshop”),则不倒装(Into the workshop he came),此处主语为名词,故用完全倒装。 2. 否定副词“Never”位于句首,需用部分倒装(助动词“have”置于主语“We”前),常见否定词还有“Not/seldom/Rarely/Hardly”等,部分倒装时需将助动词、情态动词或系动词提前,实义动词位置不变。 3. “Only + 状语(in this way)”位于句首,需用部分倒装(情态动词“can”置于主语“you”前);若“Only + 主语”位于句首(如“Only you can solve this problem”),则不倒装,此处“in this way”是状语,故需倒装。 4. 表语“On the desk”(地点状语作表语)位于句首,主语是名词“the operation manual”,用完全倒装(系动词“is”置于主语前);完全倒装中,表语提前后,系动词需紧跟提前的表语,主语置于句末。 5. “so”表示“也”时,位于句首引导倒装句,结构为“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”;前句是“was completed”(系动词+过去分词),后句主语“the second phase”是单数,故用“so was the second phase”,避免重复“completed”,使句子简洁。 (四)在下列句子中适当位置填入省略的成分 1. When you are working with electricity, you must wear protective gloves. 2. Some workers are responsible for production, and others are responsible for quality control. 3. He said that he would attend the meeting. 4. You must Check the machine before you starting it.(或简化为“Check the machine before starting it”,前半句是祈使句,省略主语“you”;后半句“before”后省略主语“you”,因逻辑主语与前半句一致) 5. Have you read the report? Yes, I have. 【解析】句子省略的核心是“避免重复,使句子简洁”,常见省略类型及规则: 1. 时间状语从句“When you are working...”中,主语“you”与主句主语一致,且从句含系动词“are”,符合“主语+系动词”省略的条件(当主从句主语一致,且从句有系动词时,可省略“主语+系动词”),补回“you are”后句子语法完整。 2. 并列句中,后半句“others...for quality control”与前半句“Some workers are responsible for production”结构一致,重复的谓语部分“are responsible”可省略,补回后句子语义不变,仅更完整。 3. 宾语从句“He said that...”中,引导词“that”可省略(口语中常用省略形式),但补回“that”后语法更严谨,尤其在书面语中,“that”可明确引导宾语从句,避免歧义。 4. 前半句是祈使句,祈使句默认主语为“you”,可省略;若需补全语气,可添加“you must”(或“you should”);后半句“before starting it”中,逻辑主语是“you”(与前半句主语一致),可省略“you”,补回“you”后,句子逻辑更清晰,避免因逻辑主语不明确导致误解。 5. 一般疑问句的简略回答中,需用助动词呼应问句的助动词(问句用“Have”,回答用“have”),省略重复的谓语部分“read the report”,既符合语法规则,又使回答简洁,避免冗余。 二、能力提升题 (一)选择最佳答案 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 【解析】 1. 本题考查强调句(强调时间状语“in 2022”)。强调句结构为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that...”,A选项中“when”不能用于强调句(仅定语从句用when),C、D选项中“That”不能引导强调句(强调句固定用It开头),故选B。 2. 本题考查“Not until”引导的倒装句。“Not until + 从句/短语”位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词置于主语前),A、B选项未倒装,D选项“closed he”是完全倒装,适用于主语为名词的情况(此处主语“he”是代词,不可完全倒装),故选C。 3. 本题考查用did强调一般过去时的谓语动词。句中“although she was very busy”提示时态为一般过去时,A选项“does”用于一般现在时第三人称单数,C选项“has”表现在完成时(不表强调),D选项“had”表过去完成时(不表强调),只有did可用于一般过去时的谓语强调,故选B。 4. 本题考查祈使句(省略主语you)。“or you may get hurt”提示前半句需表命令/建议,B选项“Following”是动名词(不能引导祈使句),C选项“To follow”是不定式(表目的,不表命令),D选项“You follow”是陈述句(与“or”连接的并列句逻辑不符,祈使句+or+陈述句是固定结构),故选A。 5. 本题考查“Only by...”引导的倒装句。“Only + 方式状语(by working together)”位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装(情态动词/助动词置于主语前),A、C选项未倒装;“can”表“能够”,“will”表“将要”,结合句意“只有通过合作,我们才能克服困难”,“can”更符合语境,故选B。 6. 本题考查让步状语从句的连接词选择。“difficult the task may be”中“difficult”是形容词,A选项“As”引导让步状语从句需“形容词/副词 + as + 主谓”(如“Difficult as the task may be”),B选项“Although”后接完整句子(如“Although the task may be difficult”),D选项“Despite”是介词(后接名词/代词,不接句子),“However + 形容词/副词 + 主谓”是正确结构,故选C。 7. 本题考查“so”引导的倒装句(表“也”)。前句“The first machine has been checked”是现在完成时(助动词has,主语单数),B选项“have”用于复数主语,C、D选项“nor”表“也不”(用于否定句,前句是肯定句,不符),“so + 助动词has + 单数主语”符合结构,故选A。 (二)判断下列句子是否正确,错误的请改正 1. 错误,改正为:It was the manager who/that he talked to yesterday.(或It was the manager to whom he talked yesterday.) 2. 错误,改正为:Only when the supervisor approves, can we start the work. 3. 错误,改正为:He suggested that we should attend the training.(或He suggested that we attend the training.) 4. 错误,改正为:Here he comes with the necessary tools. 5. 错误,改正为:While operating the machine, you must take safety precautions.(或While you are operating the machine, safety precautions must be taken.) 【解析】 1. 错误原因:强调句中连接词“who”已指代被强调的“the manager”,从句“he talked to”中“to”的宾语是“who/that”(而非额外成分),原句无语法错误,但更规范的表达是用“who/that”(that可指代人作宾语)或“to whom”(正式用语中,介词to可提前至whom前),故需调整连接词表达,使句子更严谨。 2. 错误原因:“Only + 时间状语从句(when the supervisor approves)”位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词置于主语前),原句“we can start”未倒装,违反“Only + 状语”开头的倒装规则,故需将“can”提前至“we”前。 3. 错误原因:“suggest”后接宾语从句时,需用“(should) + 动词原形”的虚拟语气,“should”可省略,但不能加“to”(“should to + 动词原形”是语法错误),故需删除“to”,使从句谓语符合虚拟语气规则。 4. 错误原因:“Here comes...”是完全倒装结构,但主语是代词(如“he”)时,不可用完全倒装(完全倒装仅适用于主语为名词的情况,如“Here comes the bus”),需改为正常语序“Here he comes”,符合“代词主语不倒装”的规则。 5. 错误原因:分词短语“While operating the machine”的逻辑主语需与主句主语一致,原句主句主语“safety precautions”(安全措施)无法“操作机器”,存在逻辑主语不一致的问题;需补充逻辑主语“you”(使主句主语能“操作机器”),或在分词短语中添加“you are”(使主从句主语一致),避免逻辑矛盾。 (三)将下列倒装句转换为正常语序 1. We have never received such a positive feedback from clients. 2. The documents you need are on the table. 3. We can use the equipment only after the inspection. 4. The new system is so efficient that we've doubled our productivity. 5. We rarely encounter such dedicated workers. 【解析】 1. 原句是“Never”(否定副词)提前的部分倒装,正常语序需将“Never”放回主语“We”之后、助动词“have”之前,还原为“主语 + 助动词 + 否定副词 + 谓语 + 其他”的结构,使句子符合“主语在前,谓语在后”的常规语序。 2. 原句是“On the table”(表语)提前的完全倒装,正常语序需将“On the table”放回主语“The documents you need”之后、系动词“is”之前,还原为“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”的主系表结构,符合常规表达逻辑。 3. 原句是“Only after the inspection”(状语)提前的部分倒装,正常语序需将“Only after the inspection”放回主句末尾(或主语之后),并将助动词“can”放回主语“We”之后,还原为“主语 + 情态动词 + 谓语 + 状语”的结构,使状语位置符合常规语法。 4. 原句是“so efficient”(表语)提前的部分倒装(“so...that...”结构的倒装),正常语序需将“so efficient”放回主语“The new system”之后、系动词“is”之前,还原为“主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + that从句”的常规“so...that...”结构,避免倒装带来的语序变化。 5. 原句是“Rarely”(否定副词)提前的部分倒装,正常语序需将“Rarely”放回主语“We”之后、谓语“encounter”之前(原句“do”是倒装时添加的助动词,正常语序中无需助动词,直接用“rarely”修饰实义动词“encounter”),还原为“主语 + 否定副词 + 谓语 + 其他”的常规语序。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第二十章 强调、倒装与省略导学案
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2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第二十章 强调、倒装与省略导学案
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2026年中职英语二轮专题新课标语法精讲精练 第二编 句法 第二十章 强调、倒装与省略导学案
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