Unit1 time to relax 语法导学案-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 1 Time to Relax 语法专项学案 一、学案基本内容： 1. 语法主题：本单元动词不定式（to do）核心用法 2. 学习目标： （1）掌握动词不定式作目的状语的结构、含义与用法 （2）掌握动词不定式作宾语的常用动词搭配 （3）掌握动词不定式作宾语补足语的肯定、否定结构 （4）区分不定式不同功能，完成句型转换、填空、改错类题目 （5）结合本单元话题，正确运用不定式描述爱好、目的与建议 二、核心语法知识梳理 （一）动词不定式作目的状语 1. 基本结构：to + 动词原形，置于句首或句末，用来表示做某事的目的、意图，可翻译为 “为了……” 2. 本单元经典例句（翻译不定式） I play the flute to relax. 我吹长笛是 。 She started swimming to get over her fear. 她开始游泳是 恐惧。 Luca developed the app to help people learn Italian. 卢卡开发这款应用是 人们学习意大利语。 ✬同义替换：in order to + 动词原形（语气更正式，可置于句首）例：I went to the sports centre to try ice skating.= In order to try ice skating, I went to the sports centre. （二）动词不定式作宾语 1. 用法：放在及物动词后，作动词的宾语，表达 “想要 / 决定 / 计划做某事”。 2. 本单元高频接不定式作宾语的动词decide to do 决定做某事 、want to do 想要做某事 、hope to do 希望做某事plan to do 计划做某事 、learn to do 学习做某事 、try to do 尽力 / 尝试做某事。 3. 本单元例句（翻译不定式） I decided to give it a go. 我决定 。 They wanted us to spend more time together. 他们想让我们 。 （三）动词不定式作宾语补足语 1.基本结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + to do sth.，补充说明宾语的动作 2.本单元高频动词搭配encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. 要求 / 邀请某人做某事teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 否定结构：tell/ask/encourage sb. not to do sth. 告诉 / 要求 / 鼓励某人不要做某事 3.本单元例句（翻译不定式） The instructor told me not to give up so easily. 教练告诉我 。 My parents encouraged me to try new hobbies. 父母鼓励我 。 （四）特殊固定结构：find it + 形容词 + to do sth. 1. 结构含义：发现做某事是…的，it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 2. 本单元例句（翻译不定式） I find it fun to paint. 我发现 很有趣。 She finds it relaxing to do calligraphy. 她发现 很放松。 三、典例精析 例 1 I go hiking ______ exercise and enjoy nature. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 解析：此处表示远足的目的是锻炼身体，用不定式作目的状语，选B。 例 2 My teacher encouraged me ______ shy when I perform. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not 解析：encourage sb. not to do sth. 为固定否定结构，不定式否定词 not 置于 to 之前，选B。 例 3 She decided ______ up a new hobby after the exam. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 解析：decide 后接不定式作宾语，decide to do sth. 决定做某事，选B。 例 4 Many students find it difficult ______ new skills in a short time. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 解析：find it + adj. + to do sth. 固定结构，真正宾语为不定式，选B。 四、基础巩固练习 （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. I play the flute ______ (relax) after school. 2. He decided ______ (try) ice skating last weekend. 3. My instructor told me ______ (not give) up so easily. 4. We go to the park ______ (hike) every Sunday. 5. I find it fun ______ (paint) pictures in my free time. 6. They encouraged me ______ (perform) in front of the class. 7. She likes ______ (do) calligraphy ______ (reduce) stress. 8. He wants ______ (make) an app to help people learn languages. 9. My parents told me ______ (not push) myself too hard. 10. We meet ______ (play) football after class every day. 11. She decided ______ (not come) to the sports meeting because of illness. 12. I find it relaxing ______ (read) books in the library. 13. The teacher asked us ______ (finish) our homework on time. 14. He started swimming ______ (get over) his fear of water. 15. It’s important ______ (relax) once in a while. 16. My grandpa taught me ______ (ride) a horse when I was young. 17. She hopes ______ (travel) to foreign countries in the future. 18. They plan ______ (go) skiing this winter holiday. 19. I learn ______ (play) the guitar to express my feelings. 20. We want ______ (have) a family outing next Sunday. （二）句型转换 1. I play the guitar to relax.（对划线部分提问）______ ______ you play the guitar? 2. She got up early to catch the bus.（同义句转换） ______ ______ ______ catch the bus, she got up early. 3. The teacher told me to read English every morning.（改为否定句） The teacher told me ______ ______ ______ English every morning. 4. She used to be scared to swim.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ she use to be scared to do? 5. I find it interesting to collect postcards.（翻译句子） 五、能力提升练习 （一）单项选择 6. — Why do you like horse riding?— It’s a great way ____ fit and enjoy nature. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept 7. My best friend encouraged me ______ painting as a hobby. A. take up B. to take up C. taking up D. took up 8. The boy is trying ______ a picture of the beautiful landscape. A. draw B. to draw C. drawing D. drew 9. Our parents hope ______ more time with us on weekends. A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent 10. It’s necessary for us ______ a break when we feel tired. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 11. Don’t ask him ______ so many difficult things in one day. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 12. She decided ______ up skating because she fell in love with it. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 13. I find it boring ______ the same thing every day. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 14. He went to the library ______ some books about programming. A. borrow B. to borrow C. borrowing D. borrowed 15. The teacher told us ______ late for school again. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not 16. — What does he like to do in his free time? — He likes ______ postcards from different countries. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 17. We plan ______ skiing with our classmates next month. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 18. She learns ______ the flute from her music teacher. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 19. It’s important ______ healthy food every day. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate 20. My dad taught me ______ a bike when I was seven years old. A. ride B. to ride C. riding D. rode 21. They encouraged the little girl ______ up her dream. A. not give B. not to give C. to not give D. give 22. I want ______ an app to help students relax after study. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 23. She finds it relaxing ______ in the park every morning. A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked 24. He practices calligraphy every day ______ his writing skills. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved 25. Don’t forget ______ your homework before you go to bed. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished （二）单句改错（找出错误并改正） 1. I go to the sports centre learn ice skating.（改为） 2. She decided not give up skating.（改为） 3. The teacher told us to not be late.（改为） 4. I find it interested to collect postcards.（改为） 5. He plays the flute for relax.（改为） 6. They want go hiking at the weekend.（改为） 7. It’s important relax every day.（改为） 8. My mom encouraged me try painting.（改为） 9. She likes do calligraphy after school.（改为） 10. He started swimming get over his fear.（改为） （三）短文填空（用所给词的正确形式填空） A I have many hobbies in my free time. I like 1.______ (do) calligraphy 2.______ (relax) myself after a long day of study. I also enjoy 3.______ (hike) with my best friends. Last month, I decided 4.______ (take) up ice skating. At first, I found it hard 5.______ (skate) well and I wanted 6.______ (give) up. My instructor told me 7.______ (not give) up easily. He encouraged me 8.______ (practise) every day. Now I find it fun 9.______ (skate) and I can do it much better. I plan 10.______ (join) the skating club next term. B Many students have different hobbies. Some like sports, such as skiing and hiking. They do sports 1.______ (get) exercise and keep fit. Others like creative activities, like painting and programming. They use these activities 2.______ (express) their feelings. Luca started 3.______ (make) apps at the age of 10. He wants 4.______ (help) people around the world. Maya likes 5.______ (collect) postcards 6.______ (learn) about different places. Their teachers often encourage them 7.______ (keep) their hobbies. It’s important 8.______ (relax) in free time. Everyone should find something fun 9.______ (do) and never 10.______ (give) up their hobbies. C Shuyin loves horse riding. She started 1.______ (ride) a horse when she was six. She goes to her grandpa’s farm every weekend 2.______ (stay) with her horse Nini. She likes horse riding because it helps her 3.______ (stay) fit and enjoy nature. Her grandpa taught her 4.______ (look) after the horse carefully. She finds it happy 5.______ (spend) time with Nini. She never wants 6.______ (stop) this hobby. She hopes 7.______ (take) part in a horse riding show next year. Her parents told her 8.______ (not worry) about study and hobby. They encourage her 9.______ (balance) them well. It’s a good way 10.______ (make) her life more colorful. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $