Unit 8 知识梳理+配套题目 -2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

8B U8 Welcome 一、词汇： 单词 词性 词义 文中短语 语言点 soil n. 土壤 soil pollution 不可数名词 chemical adj.&n. adj.化学品的；化学的 n. 化学制品 chemical waste 做名词时为可数名词，注意复数 词性转换：chemistry n. 化学 truck n. 卡车；载重汽车 noise from trucks 注意复数 unclean adj. 不洁净的 burning of unclean fuels clean的反义词 fuel n. 燃料 注意复数 其他词性：vt. 给…提供燃料；加强 pour vt.&vi. 倾倒，倒出；倾泻 chemicals poured into rivers and lakes pour...into... 把……倒进 air conditioning n. 空调调节 系统 We can plant more trees or use less air conditioning. 词形转换：air conditioner n. 空调 eco-friendly adj. 环保的 use more eco-friendly cleaning products eco前缀往往与生态有关，如： ecosystem n. 生态系统 二、句型： 1. Noise from building work 建筑施工产生的噪音 短语：building work 建筑施工 2. What can we do to reduce air pollution? 我们能够做什么来减少空气污染？ to reduce在这里做目的状语，表示为了…… 3. It's a good idea to share a ride to school with others or take the bus. 和别人拼车或坐公交车去学校是个好主意。 短语：share a ride to sp. with sb. 和某人拼车去某地 4. We can also ride a bike if we live close. 如果我们住得近，也可以骑自行车。 短语：live close 住得近 close adj. 近的，亲密的 adv. 近地 closely adv. 密切地 Reading 一、词汇： 单词 词性 词义 文中短语 语言点 separate vt.&vi. (使)分开；区分 Plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. separate...into 把……分成 句型：be separated into.. 被分成…… separate A from B 把A与B区分开来 recycle vt. 回收利用 词性转换：recycling n. 循环 level n. 标准，水平 one of the highest levels 注意复数 successfully adv. 有成效地 It successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste. 词性转换：success n. 成功 successful adj. 成功的 succeed vi. 成功 total adj. 总的 50% of its total waste 词性转换：totally adv. 总得 strict adj. 严格的 strict rules 短语：be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in sth. 在……事情方面要求严格 注意副词：strictly 比较级：stricter 这两个形式为常考变形 control vt.&n. 控制 control air and water pollution control-controlled-controlled 现在分词：controlling 其他词性：n. 控制 Sth. be under control 在控制中 Sth. be out of control 失控 break vt.&vi. 违背；(使)破损 When people break these rules, they will be punished. break-broke-broken 词性转换： broken adj. 坏了的，破了的 punish vt.&vi. 惩罚 词性转换：punishment n. 惩罚 fine vt. 对……处以罚款 We will be fined by the police. 短语：fine sb. 钱 for... 因……罚款某人多少钱 resource n. 资源 We depend on its rich resources to live. 注意复数 wisely adv. 明智地 protect it wisely 词性转换：wise adj. 明智的 unwise adj. 不明智的 wisdom n. 智慧 run out 用完，耗尽 These new types of energy will never run out. 无被动 物 run out.... 其他用光的短语： 人 run out of/use up 物， run out of/use up有被动 make a difference 有作用，有影响 do something to make a difference 句型：make a difference to ... 对……有作用 注意：有很大影响为 make a great difference=make much difference management n. 管理 about waste management 不可数名词 词性转换： manage vt. 管理；设法做到 二、句型： 1. It is beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way. 它很美丽，我们应该努力保持它原样。 短语：keep it that way 保持原样 2. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 在瑞士，玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品会被分类回收。 glass un. 玻璃 glass cn. 玻璃杯 glasses pl. 眼镜 短语：be separated into.... 被分成…… and连接两个被动语态时，第二个be动词可省略，即为：be done and done 3. In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world. 事实上，瑞士是世界上废物回收水平最高的国家之一。 短语：最高水平的…… the highest level of...... 废品回收 waste recycling 4. I learnt about an organization for recycling clothes. 我了解到了一个衣物回收组织。 短语：一个做……的组织 an organization for doing 5. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to people in need, and others are sent to factories for recycling. 部分衣物在慈善商店出售，部分捐赠给有需要的人，其余的则送往工厂进行回收。 句型：some....., some...., and others..... 有的……，有的……，还有的…… 双宾语结构的被动：sth. be given/sent to sb.=sb. be given/sent sth. 6. There are strict rules about how many trees people are allowed to cut down as well as laws to control air and water pollution. 关于允许人们砍伐的树木数量有严格的规定，同时也有法律来控制空气和水污染。 结构：as well as连接rules和laws; rules about后跟了一个宾语从句，到cut down结束，注意宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 7. For example, if we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. 例如，如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾，将会被警察罚款。 短语：在公共场所 in a public place=in public 8. We depend on its rich resources to live. 我们依靠其丰富的资源来维持生活。 短语：depend on sth. to do 依靠……来做…… 9. Apart from glass, plastic and paper, what else is recycled in Switzerland? 除了玻璃、塑料和纸张，瑞士还回收哪些物品？ 短语：apart from..... 除了（既可以表示包含在内，也可以表示排除在外） 10. The city has also built many bicycle paths to encourage travelling by bicycle, and the number of cars on the road is controlled by the local traffic rules. 该市还修建了许多自行车道以鼓励骑自行车出行，并且根据当地交通规则，道路上的汽车数量有所减少。 短语：自行车道 bicycle paths 鼓励做某事 encourage doing 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do 11. At the same time, the city won't have to worry about running out of energy. 同时，这座城市也不必担心能源耗尽的问题。 短语：at the same time 与此同时 run out of.... （人）用光（物），有宾语，有被动 12. The citizens of Greenville live happy and healthy lives. 格林维尔的市民们过着幸福健康的生活。 短语：过着……的生活 live a...life或live...lives 【巩固练习】 1. ---What will you do with the waste paper? ---The waste paper with the used books __________ to the recycling organization. A. is going to send. B. are going to send C. are going to be sent D. is going to be sent 2. ---Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? ---It __________ the weather. We'll have to give up the plan if it rains. A. feels like B. thinks about C. depends on D. looks on 3. --- __________ big difference Zhong Nanshan has made to modern medicine! ---Yes. He says he will __________ his study. A. What; carry on B. What a; carry on with C. How; carry on with D. What a; carry on 4. --- May we leave the classroom now? --- No, you . You to leave until the bell rings. A. can't; aren't allowed B. mustn't; are allowed C. needn't; are allowed D. needn't; aren't allowed 5. Hard work brings us ________, but if we are lazy, we won’t be _________. A. success; success B. successful; success C. success; successful D. successful; successful 6. My parents are so strict in my schoolwork __________me that I often feel ________. A. with; stressed B. to, stressed C. with, stress D. to, stress 7. Everyone will be ___________ (惩罚) if he breaks the law. 8. Look! The rain is ___________ (倾倒) down. What a day! 9. My diaries have a ________ (总计的) of 10,000 words. 10. __________ (严格) speaking, this kind of behavior is against the law. 11. We came late only because our car _________(出故障) down on the way. 12. People with more confidence are likely to make themselves _____________(success) solve the problem. 13. It's necessary for us to learn to spend money _________ (wise) at a young age. 14. The government always spends as much time as they can _______(recycle) waste. 15. With the rapid development of AI technology, some scientists wonder if our world _____________ (control) by robots one day. 16. The firemen had difficulty ____________ (control) the fire in the forest because of the strong wind. 17. 上周，不允许游客在博物馆拍照。 The tourists __________________________________________________ in the museum last week. 18. 水污染将对地球生产影响。 ______________________________ will_____________________________________________. 19. 我们应该将垃圾分类，以便它可以回收。 We should _________________________________________________________________________. 20. 购物时带上我们自己的袋子而不是塑料袋，会对环境有影响吗？ Does taking __________________________ when going shopping ____________________________. 21. 土地污染对很多生物有害。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 22. 应该做什么来过更环保的生活？ What ________________________________________________________________________________? 23. 人类过分依赖于自然资源生存。 Humans _______________________________________________________________________________. 24. 这家餐馆有必要提高它的服务水平。 It's necessary for this ______________________________________________________________________. 25. Mike 别无选择只能对自己更加严格。 Mike ___________________________________________________________________________ himself. 26. 他对自己的工作多么严格啊！ How ___________________________________________________________________________________! 答案： 1-5 DCBAC 6. A 7. punished; 8. pouring; 9. total; 10. Strictly; 11. broke; 12. successfully; 13. wisely; 14. recycling; 15. will be controlled; 16. controlling 17. weren’t allowed to take photos 18. Water pollution; make a difference to the earth 19. separate rubbish into different groups so that it can be recycled 20. our own bags instead of plastic bags; make a difference to the environment 21.Soil pollution is harmful to/does harm to/harms a lot of living things 22. should be done to live a greener life 23. depend too much on natural resources to live 24. restaurant to improve its level of service. 25. had no choice but to be stricter with 26. strict he is in his work Grammar 一、词汇： 单词 词性 词义 文中短语 语言点 poster n. 海报 Posters will be designed for the activities. 注意复数 其他词义： n. (在网络留言板上)发布消息的人，张贴信息的人 pollute vt. 污染 Many of them are polluted. 词性转换: pollution n. 污染 polluted adj. 受污染的 affect vt. 影响 People’s health is affected by air pollution. 词性转换：effect n. 影响 gas n. 气体；汽油；天然气 harmful gases 表示气体可数；表汽油或气态燃料时不可数 seabird n. 海鸟 one million seabirds 注意复数和所有格 二、重点句子： 1. I hope everyone will take an active part in at least one activity. 我希望每个人都能至少参加一项活动。 短语：take an active part in 积极参加 2. A lot of activities are going to be organized during the Environment Week. 环境周期间将组织许多活动。 短语：环境周 the Environment Week 注意大写 3. The playground will be decorated with green grass and flowers. 操场将被绿草和鲜花装点。 短语：be decorated with.... 用……装饰 4. There's going to be a show on environmental protection here. 这里将有一场关于环境保护的展览。 短语：一场关于……的展览 a show on... 5. Videos about the changes in the environment of Sunshine Town will be shown at the show. 展会上将播放有关阳光小镇环境变化的视频。 短语：……方面的变化 the changes in.... 6. If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution. 如果我们不采取行动来改善环境，就会有更多的生物因污染而死亡。 短语：act to do=take action to do 采取行动做某事 7. Ways of how to protect the environment will be shown. 将展示如何保护环境的方法。 短语：ways of how to do..... 如何做某事的方法 8. Everyone can share ideas on how to make the world a better place. 每个人都可以分享如何让世界变得更美好的想法。 短语：分享……的想法 share ideas on..... 三、语法： 【巩固练习】 1. All the __________ things need air and water. Without air or water, nothing could stay __________. A. living; living B. living; alive C. alive; alive D. alive; living 2. In many places in China, old people __________ not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care 3. This kind of fruit __________ bad. How can it __________ so well? A. is tasted; be sold B. tastes; sell C. tastes; be sold D. is tasted; sell 4. The 20th World Cup __________ in Brazil last summer, right? A. held B. was held C. holds D. is holding 5. It seems hopeless because we only have five minutes __________. A. leaving B. left C. to leave D. leaves 6. ---Have you finished your project? ---I will finish it if I __________ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given 7. --- Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting? --- No decision yet. I think it ___________ after discussing it with Mr. Zhao. A. was decided B. will be decided C. will decide D. is decided 8. A lot of new roads ___________ in order to develop the villages in the next five years, aren't they? A. are going to build B. are built C. will be built D. are going to be built 9. ---Why didn't you answer my call? ---I ___________ (take) a shower. But I called you back as soon as I got out. 10. The sunlight ___________ (include) seven different colors. 11. Would you mind me ___________ (check) your work? 12. 80% of the warm clothes ___________ (offer) to the homeless in a week. 13. The workers are made ___________ (work) ten hours a day in Western countries. 14. People are used to ___________ (separate) waste into different groups. 15. It is ten years since the school ___________ (build). 16. A lot of patients ___________ (operate) on by the doctors every day. 17. How lucky he is _______(find) his smart phone which he lost list week! 18. Jimmy _______(dig) a hole in the garden when I went to see him. 19. If no paper _______(use) in business, at least one million tons of paper _______(save). 20. ---What _______(happen) to the girl just now? ---She was seen _______(fall) off the bike. 21. ---When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports center? ---Not until the tasks _______(finish) tomorrow. 22. Look! The storm clouds _______(form) in the sky. It’s going to rain soon. 23. The book published last week _______(include) several interesting topics, but he _______(not read) it as he can say nothing about it. 24. Your pet dog should _______(not leave) at home alone. 25. ---Tom, go and get some paint. It _______(run) out of. By the way, time _______(run) out, so be quick. ---OK, I will. 26. 上周，不允许游客在博物馆拍照。 The tourists __________________________________________________ in the museum last week. 27. 在希望工程的帮助下，全国数百万的贫困儿童被给予了基础教育。 _____________________________________ children ____________________________________. 28. 如果再给他一次机会，他会更好地完成这项任务的。 If he ______________________, ______________________________________________________. 29. 他的大多数零花钱都用在看病了。 Most _____________________________________________________________________________. 30. 他每个月都会用光自己的零花钱，所以他不得不依赖他的父母而活。 His pocket money________________________________________________________. 31. 昨天他因为在公共场所乱扔垃圾而被警察罚款50元。 He_______________________________________________________________________. 32. 政府将会惩罚那些工厂，因为他们产生了太多的污染。 Those ____________________________________________________________________. 33. 为节约能源，在电脑不在使用中时，我们应该及时关掉电源。 To_________________________________________________________________________. 34. 每年人们种植更多的树来减少尘土和固土。 More trees ___________________________________________________________. 35. 时间将要耗尽，我们要尽快把这些旧衣服分成三类。 Time_________________________________________________________________________. 答案： 1-5 BBBBB 6-8 BBD 9. was taking; 10. includes; 11. checking; 12. will be offered; 13. to work; 14. separating; 15. was built; 16. are operated; 17. to find; 18. was digging; 19. is used; will be saved; 20. happened; to fall; 21. are finished; 22. are forming; 23. includes; hasn’t read; 24. not be left; 25. has been run; will run 26. weren’t allowed to take photos 27. The program can be carried on with enough money on board. 28. Are people in the mountains able to afford such expensive flat? 29. Those Indian people will make up their minds to train as nurses after the charity is set up next year. 30. His pocket money is run out of every month by him, so he has to live depend on his parents. 31. He was fine 50 yuan because he dropped litter in public yesterday. 32. Those factories will be punished for producing too much pollution by the government. 33. To save energy, we should turn off the power in time when the computer is not in use. 34. More trees are planted to reduce dust and keep soil in place every year by people. 35. Time will be used up. We should separate these these old clothes into three groups as soon as possible. Integration 一、词汇： 单词 词性 词义 文中短语 语言点 desertification n. 沙漠化 Desertification has been a problem across almost 30% of the earth's land. 不可数名词 hardly adv. 几乎不，几乎没有 It hardly had any trees. 表示否定义。 区分hard adj. 困难的，辛苦的 adv. 努力地，用力地 single-use adj. 供一次使用的 provide single-use plastics 放在名词前做定语 second-hand adj. 二手的 in second-hand stores 放在名词前做定语 battery n. 电池 collect batteries and electronic products 注意复数：batteries electronic adj. 电子的 区分：electric adj. 电的，电动的，用电的 electrical adj. 与电有关的 electricity n. 电，电能 save electricity 不可数名词 二、句型： 1. According to the United Nations, in the last 40 years, desertification has been a problem across almost 30% of the earth's land. 据联合国统计，在过去40年里，地球上近30%的土地都存在荒漠化问题。 短语：according to 根据 across prep. 遍及，整个 2. In 1997, China joined the UNCCD, an international agreement to fight desertification. 1997年，中国加入了《联合国防治荒漠化公约》，这是一项旨在防治荒漠化的国际协议。 agreement cn. 协议 un. 同意，一致 3. Since then, China has reduced its desert area by nearly 2,000 square kilometres each year. 自那以后，中国每年减少的沙漠面积近2000平方公里。 注意介词：减少幅度介词用by reduce ... by.... 4. China has made a great start in dealing with the problem of desertification. 中国在应对荒漠化问题方面取得了良好的开端。 短语：make a great start in.... 在……方面取得良好的开端 5. Qizi Bay: desert turned into a land of hope 七子湾：沙漠变希望之地 短语：turn into.... 变成…… 6. Who made great efforts to improve Qizi Bay? 谁为改善七子湾付出了巨大努力？ 短语：make great efforts to do 努力做某事 7. By 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. 到2050年，海洋中的塑料将比鱼还多。 短语：by+时间点 到……为止 8. Canada does not allow the use of plastic in personal care and cleaning products. 加拿大不允许在个人护理和清洁产品中使用塑料。 短语：允许……的使用 allow the use of.... 个人护理和清洁产品 personal care and cleaning products 9. There are lots of problems to be solved. 有很多问题需要解决。 句型：there be sth. to be done 有某物要被…… 10. The air was filled with sand. 空气中满是沙子。 短语：be filled with...=be full of... 充满 11. But after many years of hard work, they finally succeeded, and there are now millions of trees in Qizi Bay. 但经过多年的辛勤劳动，他们终于成功了，如今七子湾已有数百万棵树。 短语：多年的辛勤劳动 many years of hard work 12. All these efforts give us hope for a greener planet. 所有这些努力都让我们对一个更加绿色的星球充满了希望。 短语：give sb. hope for... 给予某人……的希望 13. Our town is green in many ways these days. 如今，我们的小镇在很多方面都变得更为环保。 短语：in many ways 在很多方面 in some ways 在某些方面 其他way短语：on the way 在路上 in this way 用这种方法 in one’s way 挡了某人的路 14. For example, we all have to separate our rubbish now so that more of it can be recycled. 例如，我们现在都必须对垃圾进行分类，以便更多垃圾能够被回收利用。 句型：so that.... 以便于……，引导结果状语从句 more of the rubbish 更多垃圾 15. And more clean energy like solar power is used. 并且使用了更多的清洁能源，如太阳能。 短语： solar power 太阳能 16. Firstly, let's focus on reducing waste and pollution. 首先，让我们聚焦于减少浪费和污染。 过渡词： firstly adv. 首先 其他表示首先的短语：first of all to begin with等等 17. In addition, we can reduce pollution by saying no to single-use plastic bags and bottles. 此外，我们可以通过拒绝使用一次性塑料袋和塑料瓶来减少污染。 过渡词：in addition 另外 其他表示另外的词组：moreover what’s more besides等等 短语：对……说不 say no to... 18. Finally, recycle. 最后，回收利用。 过渡词：finally 最后 其他表示最后的词组：last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 19. If we all follow these simple steps, we can make a big difference and enjoy a greener world! 只要我们遵循这些简单步骤，就能产生巨大影响，共同享受一个更加绿色的世界！ 短语：follow these simple steps 遵循这些简单步骤 【巩固练习】 1. It is raining so _______ that the driver can ________ see anything 10 meters away. A. hardly; hard B. hard; hardly C. hard; hard D. hardly; hardly 2. __________ the way, Changzhou is quite different from what it __________ years ago __________ some ways. A. On; has been; by B. By; was; in C. On; was; in D. By; has been; on 3. We need two more __________ (电池) to run the machine. 4. The government has taken some _______ (步骤) to prevent water from being polluted. 5. Have China and the USA reach an ____________(agree) on this issue ? 6. 人们已经采取措施把这个农场变成了公园。 People have ______________________________________________________________________. 7. 在很多方面，从去年起污染已经变得越来越糟糕了。 __________________________, _________________________________________ since last year. 8. 通过遵循这些简单的步骤，我们每个人都能对地球产生很大的影响。 Each_____________________________________________________________________. 答案： 1-2 BB 3. batteries; 4. steps; 5. agreement 6. taken action to turn this farm into a park 7. In many ways, the pollution has become more and more terrible 8. Each of us can make a big difference to the Earth by following these simple steps. 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $