Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Grammar 现在完成进行时单元语法练习-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 现在完成进行时 一、单句语法填空 1．The number of private cars in major cities (increase) at an alarming rate, which has led to severe traffic congestion and air pollution. 【答案】has been increasing 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：大城市里私家车的数量正以惊人的速度增长，这已经造成了严重的交通拥堵和空气污染。increase(增长)是主句谓语动词，与主语The number of private cars之间是主动关系，根据which has led to severe traffic congestion and air pollution可知，私家车数量增长的动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去，这种情况要用现在完成进行时，“The number of +名词”作主语，主动词用has。故填has been increasing。 2．The lead researcher, in addition to her entire lab team, (work) tirelessly on this vaccine formula for the past eighteen months. 【答案】has worked/has been working 【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：首席研究员连同她的整个实验室团队，在过去的十八个月里一直在孜孜不倦地研究这种疫苗配方。in addition to连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致，本句中主语为The lead researcher，是单数，故谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语for the past eighteen months表示从过去持续到现在的动作，既可用现在完成时表示动作已完成且对现在有影响，也可用现在完成进行时强调动作从过去开始一直持续到现在且可能仍在进行，work的过去分词为worked，现在分词为working。故填has worked/has been working。 3．My brother (study) in this university for three years, and he will graduate next summer. 【答案】has studied//has been studying 【详解】考查时态。句意：我哥哥已经在这所大学学习了三年，他将于明年夏天毕业。根据句意，此处需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在，并与for three years的时间状语搭配；主语my brother为第三人称单数，助动词用has，study的过去分词是studied，现在分词是studying，故填has studied/has been studying。 4．The doctors and nurses (make) great efforts to save the patients infected with COVID-19 since last year. 【答案】have been making 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：自去年以来，医生和护士们一直在努力拯救感染新冠病毒的患者。时间标志词 since last year，结合句意，强调“努力救人”的动作从过去持续到现在，且可能仍在进行。用现在完成进行时。主语 The doctors and nurses是复数，用 have。故填have been making。 5．The famous writer’s new novel (sell) well since it came out last week. 【答案】has been selling 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这位著名作家的新小说自上周出版以来一直很畅销。sell表示“畅销”时，常用主动形式表示被动含义；根据时间状语since it came out last week以及句意可知，此处表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，所以使用现在完成进行时，主语the famous writer’s new novel为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been selling。 6．She (write) emails to her foreign friends all afternoon, and she still has two more to finish. 【答案】has been writing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她整个下午都在给外国朋友写邮件，还有两封没写完。时间状语all afternoon结合后半句“还有两封没写完”，表明动作从过去开始持续到现在，且仍在进行，要用现在完成进行时，结构为“have/has been+现在分词”，主语she为单数，助动词用has，write的现在分词为writing。故填has been writing。 7．The boys (play) basketball on the playground for two hours, but they don’t want to stop. 【答案】have been playing 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：男孩们在操场上打篮球已经两个小时了，但他们不想停下来。由for two hours, but they don’t want to stop可知，句子用现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去持续到现在，且有可能继续下去，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been playing。 8．Mr. Green (teach) English in this school for 15 years, and he loves every student here. 【答案】has taught/has been teaching 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：格林先生在这所学校教英语已经15年了，他爱这里的每一个学生。由for 15 years可知，句子时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语Mr. Green是单数，因此空格处是has taught/has been teaching。故填has taught/has been teaching。 9．— Why are your clothes so wet? — I (water) the flowers in the garden all the morning. 【答案】have been watering 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你的衣服怎么这么湿？——我一整个早上都在花园里浇花。根据答句中时间状语“all the morning”可知，动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在刚刚结束，且强调动作的持续性，并对现在（衣服湿了）造成影响，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been watering。 10．These years, scientists (test) special gardens on Earth to see what can grow on Earth’s neighboring planet, Mars. 【答案】have been testing 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些年来，科学家们一直在地球上测试特殊的花园，看看在地球的邻近星球火星上能种植什么。根据“These years”可知，此处强调从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，且可能还会继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，其结构为“have/has been doing”，主语scientists为复数，助动词用have。故填have been testing。 11．The disabled (struggle) for decades against hiring biases and workplace inequities. 【答案】have struggled/have been struggling 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：残疾人几十年来一直在与招聘偏见和职场不公作斗争。根据时间状语“for decades”可知，本句既可以用现在完成时“have/has done”强调动作从过去持续到现在并已完成以及对现在的影响，也可以用现在完成进行时“have/has been doing”强调动作从过去持续到现在且可能仍在进行，侧重于动作的持续性；主语“the disabled”为“the + 形容词”表示一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故助动词用have，struggle的过去分词为struggled，现在分词为struggling。故填have struggled/have been struggling。 12．I (think) about what you said...and I think you are probably right. 【答案】have been thinking 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：我一直在思考你说的话……我觉得你可能是对的。现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且该动作可能还会继续下去。此句表达从过去到现在一直在思考对方说的话，主语I是第一人称，现在完成进行时结构为“have/has been +现在分词”，think的现在分词是thinking，所以用have been thinking，在句中作谓语。故填have been thinking。 13．Tokyo (prepare) for the 2020 Olympic Games in the past few years, which has been postponed to 2021. 【答案】has been preparing 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：在过去几年里，东京一直在为2020年奥运会做准备，该届奥运会已被推迟到2021年。结合时间状语in the past few years可知，句子强调从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且该动作可能还会继续下去，且此处强调prepare这一动作在这段时间是一直正在进行的，使用现在完成进行时，结构为“has/have been + 现在分词”，Tokyo是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式has been preparing。故填has been preparing。 14．What is the matter with the guy, who (wander) for two hours by now? 【答案】has been wandering 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这个已经徘徊了两个小时的家伙怎么了？根据后文by now可知应用现在完成时，且主语为who指代先行词the guy，助动词用has，且根据句意以及for two hours可知，此处表示“一直在徘徊”应用现在完成进行时，故填has been wandering。 15．He (read) since he came to the library. 【答案】has been reading 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从他来到图书馆，他就一直在读书。根据时间状语“since he came to the library”可知，read“读”这一动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去，时态应用现在完成进行时，主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been reading。 16．For the past three years they (lead) totally separate lives. 【答案】have been leading 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：三年来，他们完全是各过各的生活。空处为句子的谓语动词，结合语境和时间状语For the past three years，此处强调动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能仍在进行，主语they和动词lead之间是主谓关系，需用现在完成进行时的主动语态，其结构为“have/has been +现在分词”，主语为they，是复数形式，助动词需用have。故填 have been leading。 17．The train (race) along steadily since it left Xining. 【答案】has been racing 【详解】考查时态。句意：火车从西宁出发后一直平稳地行驶着。根据后文since it left Xining可知， 表示动作从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在，并可能延续下去，应用现在完成进行；主语为train，助动词用has。故填has been racing。 18．The journey (fly) by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. 【答案】has been flying 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：旅程飞逝而过，不知不觉中，我们已经到达了唐古拉站。根据句意，本句描述一个从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去的动作，此时，时态需用现在完成进行时，结构为have/has been+现在分词。句子主语为The journey，为单数主语，助动词需用has。故填has been flying。 19．My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He (live) there ever since. 【答案】has been living 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我叔叔1951年去了西藏，从那时起就一直住在那里。根据时间状语ever since及句意可知，句子应用现在完成进行时，强调动作一直在进行时。因为主语是He，用has been living。故填has been living。 20．Questions (arise) concerning the company’s financial records since last year. 【答案】 have been arising 【详解】考查时态。句意：从去年以来，有关该公司财务记录的问题不断出现。分析句子，根据时间状语since last year可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能还会继续下去。主语“Questions”是复数，故填 have been arising。 21．The washing machine (run) all morning. What on earth are you washing? 【答案】has been running 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：洗衣机已经运转一上午了。你到底在洗什么？根据时间状语all morning可知，此处表示动作一直在持续，后句用的是现在进行时，说明在说话的时候，“洗衣机运行”这个动作还在进行，且这个动作可能仍会继续进行，所以应用现在完成进行时，主语是单数，助动词使用has。故填has been running。 22．It (grow) well for the past three months. 【答案】has been growing 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，它一直长势良好。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“for the past three months”和句意可知，应用现在完成进行时，表示在过去的三个月期间一直持续的动作，并有可能继续持续下去；主语是“It”，谓语应为单数。故填has been growing。 23．The young man (use) the computer since he was a kid. 【答案】has been using/has used 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个年轻人从小就一直在用电脑。根据时间状语“since he was a kid”可知，此处可用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去；也可用现在完成时；主语man是名词单数，助动词用has，故填has been using/has used。 24．Ι (wrestle) with this physics problem for a whole morning, but I haven’t worked it out. 【答案】have been wrestling 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我整个上午都在努力解决这个物理问题，但还没有算出来。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语“for a whole morning”可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示该动作从过去开始一直持续整个上午，可能还要持续下去，wrestle与句子主语I之间为主动关系。故填have been wrestling。 25．They (investigate) the murder for three weeks, and have already found some valuable clues. 【答案】have been investigating 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：他们已经对这起谋杀案进行了三个星期的调查，并且已经发现了一些有价值的线索。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中时间状语for three weeks以及句意可知，此处应用现在完成进行时态，表示调查从过去开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。故填have been investigating。 26．“Your child (look) for an opportunity to climb out of the window all day long,” the man said as he gave the child back to her. 【答案】has been looking 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：“你的孩子一整天都在找机会从窗户爬出去” 那个男人说着把孩子还给了她。设空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语all day long，可知，表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作，句子的时态为现在完成进行时，主语为Your child，结合主谓一致。故填has been doing。 27．Over the past several years, he (devote) himself to protecting the environment. 【答案】has been devoting 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，他一直致力于保护环境。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语Over the past several years，应用现在完成进行时，主语he，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has been devoting。 28．The telephone (ring) for almost a minute.Why doesn’t someone answer it? 【答案】has been ringing 【详解】考查时态。句意：电话响了快一分钟了。为什么没人接电话？根据后文for almost a minute可知表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续不间断，应用现在完成进行时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been ringing。 29．It seems that climate all over the world (change) greatly in recent years. 【答案】has been changing 【详解】考查动词。句意：近年来，世界各地的气候似乎发生了很大的变化。句中in recent years表示动作从过去持续发生到现在，也有可能持续到将来，故使用现在完成进行时。故填has been changing。 30．He (cycle) to work for the last three weeks. 【答案】has been cycling 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：过去的三个星期他一直骑自行车上班。cycle是句中谓语动词，与主语He之间是主动关系，结合句意和时间状语for the last three weeks可知，强调一直在做并将继续下去的事情，可用现在完成进行时态，主语是单数代词，助动词用has。故填has been cycling。 二、完成句子 31．Betty this novel. Betty一直在读这本小说。 【答案】 has been reading 【详解】考查时态。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“一直在读”，在句中作谓语。根据句意及提示可知，此处应用现在完成进行时（have/has been+现在分词）表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，主语Betty为第三人称单数，助动词应用has，“读”应用动词read，其现在分词形式为reading。故填has been reading。 32．I at the station for two hours. 我在车站等了两个小时。（等得很辛苦） 【答案】 have been waiting 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。对比中英文可知，空处表示“等了”，可用动词wait，结合“for two hours”和提示“等得很辛苦”可知，时态应用现在完成进行时，侧重动作的持续性，主语为I，助动词应用have。故填have been waiting。 33．Linda to hold a party. Linda一直想举办一个聚会。 【答案】 has been wanting 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。对比中英文可知，空处表示“一直想”，“想”可用动词want，时态宜用现在完成进行时，表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行，主语为Linda，助动词用has。故填has been wanting。 34．Bob to China once a year. Bob一年去一次中国。 【答案】 has been going 【详解】考查时态。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“去”，在句中作谓语。根据时间状语once a year及句意可知，“一年去一次中国”不是单次动作，而是从过去开始持续到现在的重复习惯，因此应用现在完成进行时（have/has been+现在分词），主语Bob为第三人称单数，助动词应用has，“去”应用动词go，其现在分词为going。故填has been going。 35．Mary Chinese since she was young. Mary从小就开始学习中文。 【答案】 has been studying 【详解】考查动词时态与主谓一致。“学习”作主句谓语，用动词study，结合时间状语“since she was young ”可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在仍在发生的动作，应用现在完成进行时态，主语“Mary”为第三人称单数形式，谓语用单数形式has been studying。故填①has；②been；③studying。 36．他从早上到现在一直在清理窗户。 He the windows from this morning till now. 【答案】has been cleaning 【详解】考查时态。表示“清理”用clean，根据时间状语from this morning till now可知，句子时态为现在完成进行时，其结构为“have/has been doing”，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。主语为He，助动词用has。故填has been cleaning。 37．自六月以来，玛丽每天晚上都去上写作课，这门课将于本周结束。 Mary to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this week. 【答案】has been going 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。“since June（自六月以来）”是表示从过去持续到现在的时间状语，“每天晚上都去”强调动作从过去开始一直持续到现在且还在进行，符合现在完成进行时“have/has been +现在分词”的用法。主语“Mary”是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been going。 38．我一直期待着去英国旅行，我的梦想将在下个月实现。 I to travel to the UK, and my dream will come true next month. 【答案】have been expecting 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。“一直期待”强调从过去开始一直持续到现在且有可能继续下去的动作，用现在完成进行时：have/has been +现在分词 。主语是“I”，助动词用have ，“期待”是expect，现在分词为expecting。故填have been expecting。 39．This scientist is known to have been . 人们知道，这位科学家研究这一问题已达十年之久。 【答案】working on this problem for about ten years 【详解】考查现在完成进行时与固定短语。根据中英文句子可知，空处缺少“研究这一问题已达十年之久”的英文表达。“研究（问题）”用动词固定短语“work on”，这一问题”用“this problem”作“work on”的宾语，“十年之久”用“for about ten years”作时间状语；根据空前的“have been”和语境可知，“已达十年之久”表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，work用working。故填working on this problem for about ten years。 40． the couple recently? 你最近和那对夫妇见面吗? 【答案】Have you been meeting 【详解】考查时态和动词。根据句意和“recently”可知，句中动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，句子为一般疑问句，“couple”与“have”连用，“have”提前，句首单词首字母大写，“meet”表示“见面”，现在分词为“meeting”，空格处应用“Have you been meeting”。故填Have you been meeting。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 现在完成进行时 一、单句语法填空 1．The number of private cars in major cities (increase) at an alarming rate, which has led to severe traffic congestion and air pollution. 2．The lead researcher, in addition to her entire lab team, (work) tirelessly on this vaccine formula for the past eighteen months. 3．My brother (study) in this university for three years, and he will graduate next summer. 4．The doctors and nurses (make) great efforts to save the patients infected with COVID-19 since last year. 5．The famous writer’s new novel (sell) well since it came out last week. 6．She (write) emails to her foreign friends all afternoon, and she still has two more to finish. 7．The boys (play) basketball on the playground for two hours, but they don’t want to stop. 8．Mr. Green (teach) English in this school for 15 years, and he loves every student here. 9．— Why are your clothes so wet? — I (water) the flowers in the garden all the morning. 10．These years, scientists (test) special gardens on Earth to see what can grow on Earth’s neighboring planet, Mars. 11．The disabled (struggle) for decades against hiring biases and workplace inequities. 12．I (think) about what you said...and I think you are probably right. 13．Tokyo (prepare) for the 2020 Olympic Games in the past few years, which has been postponed to 2021. 14．What is the matter with the guy, who (wander) for two hours by now? 15．He (read) since he came to the library. 16．For the past three years they (lead) totally separate lives. 17．The train (race) along steadily since it left Xining. 18．The journey (fly) by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. 19．My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He (live) there ever since. 20．Questions (arise) concerning the company’s financial records since last year. 21．The washing machine (run) all morning. What on earth are you washing? 22．It (grow) well for the past three months. 23．The young man (use) the computer since he was a kid. 24．Ι (wrestle) with this physics problem for a whole morning, but I haven’t worked it out. 25．They (investigate) the murder for three weeks, and have already found some valuable clues. 26．“Your child (look) for an opportunity to climb out of the window all day long,” the man said as he gave the child back to her. 27．Over the past several years, he (devote) himself to protecting the environment. 28．The telephone (ring) for almost a minute.Why doesn’t someone answer it? 29．It seems that climate all over the world (change) greatly in recent years. 30．He (cycle) to work for the last three weeks. 二、完成句子 31．Betty this novel. Betty一直在读这本小说。 32．I at the station for two hours. 我在车站等了两个小时。（等得很辛苦） 33．Linda to hold a party. Linda一直想举办一个聚会。 34．Bob to China once a year. Bob一年去一次中国。 35．Mary Chinese since she was young. Mary从小就开始学习中文。 36．他从早上到现在一直在清理窗户。 He the windows from this morning till now. 37．自六月以来，玛丽每天晚上都去上写作课，这门课将于本周结束。 Mary to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this week. 38．我一直期待着去英国旅行，我的梦想将在下个月实现。 I to travel to the UK, and my dream will come true next month. 39．This scientist is known to have been . 人们知道，这位科学家研究这一问题已达十年之久。 40． the couple recently? 你最近和那对夫妇见面吗? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $