Unit 4 Then and now（易错题专项训练·语法提升）英语人教PEP版六年级下册

Unit 4 Then and now 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 · 内容导航 · 1.there be句型 2.一般过去时与一般现在时的对比 3.感叹句 4.情态动词could的用法 5.综合训练 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 there be句型高频易错点01 一、概念 there be句型是英语中的一种常用句型，表示“某地存在某物或在某时发生某事”。be动词要根据时态及主语的变化而变化。 二、there be 句型的句式结构 1.肯定陈述句: There be+名词+地点/时间状语. 2.否定陈述句: There be+ not/ no+名词+地点/时间状语. 例：There wasn't any food in the kitchen.厨房里没有食物。 There were no books on the desk.书桌上没有书。 注意：陈述句中如果出现 some，变否定句时，some要变成 any。 3.一般疑问句：Be动词+there+名词+地点/时间状语? 例：Is there a dictionary on the desk?书桌上有一本词典吗? Are there any elephants in the zoo?动物园里有大象吗? 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(+名词)+be动词+there+地点/时间状语? 例：How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少名学生? 易错点提示 易错点：there be句型的就近原则 如果there be后面是几个并列名词作主语时，be动词的形式应与跟它最近的那个名词保持单复数的一致。例：There is a book and some pens on the desk. 分析：本句中有“a book”和“some pens”两个主语, be动词离a book近,故用 is。 There are some pens and a book on the desk. 分析：本句中有“a book”和“some pens”两个主语, be动词离 some pens近,故用 are。 小练笔 01 一、单项选择。 ( )1. There ________ a garden in our school five years ago. A. is B. was C. were ( )2. There aren't ________ tall buildings in my village. A. a B. some C. any ( )3. There ________ nothing we could do about it. A. is B. was C. were ( ) 4. There ________ some water in the bottle just now. A. are B. was C. has ( )5. Jim ________ twenty books. A. there is B. have C. has ( ) 6. There's going to ________ something new in tomorrow's newspapers. A. has B. having C. be ( )7.—Do you ________ any apples? —Yes,________ some in the basket. A. there are; have B. have; there are C. have; there is ( )8. There ________ a cat and three dogs in the picture. A. is B. be C. are 二、按要求完成句子。 1. There were some ducks on the river.( 改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2. There were some beautiful flowers in the garden two months ago.(改为否定句) ________________________________________________________ 3. There are thirty-eight students in the classroom.(对画线部分提问) ________________________________________________________ 4. There is a horse near the house.(改为复数句) ________________________________________________________ 5. There were many cinemas in my city.(改为单数句) ________________________________________________________ 6. Is there a path in the forest?(作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 一般过去时与一般现在时的对比高频易错点02 Before, I was quiet. Now, I’m very active in class.（P35） I didn’t like winter before. Now I love to ice-skate, so I like winter.（P36） 易错点提示 · 一般现在时 1. 定义：指经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 若指经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用行为动词； 若指经常性、习惯性的状态，谓语动词用be动词。 动词原形/三单 2. 谓语动词 am/is/are 3. 标志词：every day, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom(很少), never(从不) 4. 动词三单变化规则： (1) 一般在动词尾加s，如：look--looks, read--reads; (2) 以s, x, sh, ch以及o结尾的动词加es，如：catch--catches, go--goes, do--does; (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es, 如：fly--flies; (4) 特例：have--has 注：当主语是he, she, it以及单数，不可数名词时用三单。 5. 句型转化 肯定句： I am at home. I like cats. He likes lions. 否定句： I am at home. I don’t like cats. He doesn’t like lions. 一般疑问句： -Are you at home? -Do you like cats? -Does he like lions? -Yes, I am./No, I’m not. -Yes, I do./No, I don’t. -Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 特殊疑问句： Where are you? What do you like? He likes lions. · 一般过去时 1. 定义：指发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。 指发生在过去的动作或事情，谓语动词用行为动词的过去式； 指过去存在的状态，谓语动词用be动词的过去式was, were。 规则的动词加ed，不规则的特殊记 2. 谓语动词 was/were 3. 标志词：yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening last week/month/year/term上一周/日/去年/上个学期 this morning/afternoon/evening just now(刚才)；a week ago(一周前); long long ago(很久以前) one day(一天); the day before yesterday(前天) 4. 动词过去时式的变化规则★★★★★ (1) 一般直接在词尾加-ed。 (2) 以不发音的e结尾的动词在词尾加-d。 (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。 (4) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。 (5) 不规则动词过去式的变化,需要同学们逐个记忆。 例：watch—watched like—liked study—studied stop—stopped are—were go--went have--had read--read 5. 一般过去时的三种句型结构： 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+行为动词的过去式（+其他） I did homework yesterday. 主语+was/were+其他 I was very happy yesterday. 否定句 主语+didn't+行为动词原形（+其他） I didn't do homework yesterday. 主语+was/were+not+其他 I wasn't happy yesterday. 一般疑问句 Did+主语+行为动词原形（+其他）？ Did you do homework yesterday？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No+主语+didn't. Yes, I did. 是的，我写了。 No, I didn’t. 不，我没写。 Was/Were+主语+其他？ Were you happy yesterday？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答：No，主语+was/were+not. Yes, I was.是的，我很开心。 No, I was not.不，我不开心。 小练笔 02 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. Before, Mike ______ quiet. Now he ______ very active. A. was; is B. is; was C. was; was ( ) 2. —______ you like winter before? —No, I didn’t. Now I love it. A. Do B. Did C. Are ( ) 3. John ______ short before, so he ______ ride his bike well. A. is; couldn’t B. was; can’t C. was; couldn’t ( ) 4. Now she ______ ice-skate very well. She ______ couldn’t do it last year. A. can; can B. can; could C. can; could ( ) 5. My school ______ small five years ago. Now it ______ big. A. was; is B. is; was C. was; was 二、用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 1.Before, I __________ (be) short. Now I __________ (be) tall. 2.He __________ (not like) PE class before. Now he __________ (like) it very much. 3.Sarah __________ (can) not ice-skate last winter. Now she __________ (can) do it well. 4.They __________ (go) to school on foot before. Now they __________ (go) by bus every day. 5.My brother __________ (wear) glasses now. He __________ (not wear) them two years ago. 感叹句高频易错点03 1. What引导的感叹句（修饰名词）： (1) 单数可数名词：What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词单数！ 例句：What a small building it was!那时候的建筑真小啊！ 例句：What a beautiful gym it is now!现在的体育馆真漂亮啊！ (2) 复数 / 不可数名词：What + 形容词 + 名词复数 / 不可数名词！ 例句：What clean rivers there were before!以前的河流真干净啊！ 例句：What tall trees they are now!现在的树真高啊！ 2. How引导的感叹句（修饰形容词 / 副词 / 句子）： (1) 修饰形容词：How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 例句：How quiet Mike was before!迈克以前真安静啊！ 例句：How active he is now!他现在真活跃啊！ (2) 修饰副词：How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ 例句：How fast he runs now!他现在跑得真快啊！ 易错点提示 · What 后接 “形容词 + 名词”，How 后接 “形容词 / 副词”，不可混淆； · 单数可数名词前必须加 a/an（形容词以元音音素开头用 an，辅音音素开头用 a）； · 句末必须加感叹号，不可用句号。 小练笔 03 一、单项选择。 ( )1. ______ quiet Mike was before! Now he is so active. A. What B. How C. What a ( )2. ______ small building it was in Grandpa’s school! A. What B. How C. What a ( )3. ______ beautiful grass there is in the playground now! A. What B. How C. What a ( )4. ______ fast he runs now! He couldn’t run fast before. A. What B. How C. What a ( )5. ______ clean rivers there were in the past! A. What B. How C. What a 二、用 What/How 填空。 1.____________ a big gym it is now! There was no gym twenty years ago. 2.____________ quiet John was before! Now he talks a lot. 3.____________ tall trees they are now! There were only small trees before. 4.____________ delicious the food is now! People couldn’t cook well in the past. 5.____________ a small village it was! Now it’s a big town. 情态动词could的用法高频易错点04 could是情态动词，用于描述“过去具备/不具备的能力”，需掌握其肯定、否定形式及与can的区别： 肯定式：主语 + could +动词原形+其他. 例句：I could run fast at school.我在学校能跑得快。 否定式：主语 + couldn’t（could not）+ 动词原形 + 其他. 例句：I couldn’t run fast or play basketball well.我跑不快，篮球也打得不好。 例句：I couldn’t go cycling before.我以前不能骑自行车。 一般疑问句：Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例句：Could you see stars at night?你晚上能看到星星吗？ 易错点提示 could 是 can 的过去式，表过去的能力；后接动词原形，无三单变化； 否定形式为couldn’t。 小练笔 04 单项选择 ( ) 1. —Could you ______ stars at night when you were a child? —Yes, I could. A. see B. saw C. sees ( ) 2. Before, John ______ short, so he ______ ride his bike well. A. was; couldn’t B. is; can’t C. was; can’t ( ) 3. Now I can ice-skate, but I ______ do it last year. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. could ( ) 4. —Could she play badminton before? —______ Now she plays it very well. A. Yes, she could. B. No, she couldn’t. C. No, she can’t. ( ) 5. He ______ run fast before, but now he ______ run like a cheetah. A. couldn’t; can B. can’t; could C. could; can’t 综合训练 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1．Grandpa (can’t) use computers when he was at school. 2．I have a dream (梦想). I will (visit) the moon one day. 3．There (be) two computer rooms in my school now. 4．Tom up very late yesterday, because his mother didn’t him up. (wake) 5．My grandpa often badminton in summer before. Now he is old but he still it well. (play) 6．There (be) no computers or Internet in Tang Dynasty. 二、单项选择。 ( )7．People ______ travel by plane a few years ago. A．doesn’t B．don’t C．didn’t ( )8．There were ______ buses ______ taxis in the Tang dynasty. A．not; and B．no; or C．no; and ( )9．There ________a bed and a desk in the room. A．is B．are C．be ( )10．There __________ no library in my old school ten years age. A．are B．were C．was ( )11．My pen _____ on my desk just now, but it _____ there now. A．was; isn’t B．was; wasn’t C．is; isn’t ( )12．I _____ short before, but now I _____ tall. A．am; was B．was; was C．was; am ( )13．—_________ you ride a bike two years ago? —No, I _________. A．Can; can’t B．Could; could C．Could; couldn’t ( )14．There weren’t _______ gyms in my time. A．not B．some C．any ( )15．Before, I ____________ ride my bike. Now, I ____________ every day. A．can’t; go cycling B．couldn’t; went cycling C．couldn’t; go cycling ( )16．I ______ on the Internet. A．looked up it B．looked it up C．looked it at 三、选词填空，补全句子。(不重复选择) is    was    weren’t    isn’t    are 17．There a river in the nature park now. 18．There any computers in the Tang dynasty. 19．There many parks in our city now. 20．There a big tree in front of my house ten years ago. 21．There any water in the cup now. 四、问答匹配。A．Yes, he was. B．There was only one small building on the hill. C．I looked it up on the Internet. D．He didn’t wear glasses before. Now, he wears glasses. E. Yes, I liked the stars. ( )22．How did you know that? ( )23．How did he change? ( )24．Was he quiet before? ( )25．Could you see stars at night? ( )26．What was grandpa’s school life? 五、选择正确的选项补全对话。 Sarah: Dad, whose photos are these? Dad: They are mine. 27 Sarah: Let’s have a look. Where was the library?A．We didn’t have a library at all. B．Yes. I sat here in a blue T-shirt. C．English class. D．They’re the photos of my old school. E．Now we have a big one. Dad: 28 Sarah: How about now? Dad: 29 Sarah: Look! Was this your classroom? Dad: 30 Sarah: What class did you have at that time? Dad: 31 Sarah: You weren’t very big then. 六、句型转换。 32．There were some desks and chairs in my classroom. (改为一般疑问句) there desks and chairs in my classroom? 33．There was no library in my old school. (同义句转换) There library in my old school. 34．There was a library in my old school. (改为否定句) There a library in my old school. 35．I went to Xinjiang by plane. (就划线部分提问) you to Xinjiang? 36．I’ll be back home tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句) be back home tomorrow? 七、阅读下面图表，选择正确的选项。 ( )37．We use _______ in 1G. A． B． C． ( )38．“Sending messages” means _______ in Chinese. A．发送信息 B．发送图片 C．发送视频 ( )39．We can _______ on the phone in 3G? A．listen to music B．watch films C．have classes ( )40．We can pay(支付) money on the phone in_______. A．2G B．3G C．4G ( )41．We can turn on the lights on the smart phone in_______. A．2000s B．2010s C．2020s 八、阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。 I’m Linda. This is my school. It’s big and beautiful. But it is different from before. Twenty years ago, my school was small and empty. There was only a small building in it. There were no music rooms or art rooms. The students drew pictures in the old and small classrooms. Now there are many tall buildings here. We have art class in the art rooms. Besides, there was no gym before. If it rains or snows, the students couldn’t play sports outside. Now we have a big gym. We can play sports happily there. What great changes! I like my school. ( )42．Linda’s school was big and beautiful twenty years ago. ( )43．There were no music rooms or gym before. ( )44．The students can draw pictures in art rooms now. ( )45．Before, the students could play sports outside on a rainy day. ( )46．Linda’s school has a lot of changes. 参考答案 小练笔 01 一、1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 二、1.—Were there any ducks on the river? —Yes, there were. 2. There weren't any beautiful flowers in the garden two months ago. 3. How many students are there in the classroom? 4. There are some horses near the house. 5. There was a cinema in my city. 6. No, there isn't. 小练笔 02 一、1~5 ABCCA 二、1.was; am 2.didn’t like; likes 3.could; can 4.went; go 5.wears; didn’t wear 小练笔 03 一、1~5 BCABA 二、1.What 2.How 3.What 4.How 5.What 小练笔 04 1~5 AABBA 综合训练 1．couldn’t 2．visit 3．are 4．woke wake 5．played plays 6．were 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．C 15．C 16．B 17．is 18．weren’t 19．are 20．was 21．isn’t 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．E 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．E 30．B 31．C 32．Were any 33．wasn’t a 34．was not 35．How did go 36．Will you 37．B 38．A 39．A 40．C 41．C 42．F 43．T 44．T 45．F 46．T 第 1 页 共 18 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $