Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit 2 Stay Healthy单元知识清单全面梳理了健康主题相关内容，涵盖重点单词、短语、句型、词汇辨析、核心语法及写作指导，搭建了从基础语言积累到语法应用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过表格对比（如healthy与fit、ill与sick等词汇辨析）、语法规则分点讲解（情态动词should/must用法）、写作结构模板（开头-主体-结尾）呈现知识体系，体现完整性和条理性。例如“advice与suggestion的可数与不可数辨析表格”，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“易错易混词汇对比”“语法句式结构示例”，帮助不同学生高效学习，辅助教师精准设计教学活动。

人教版八年级下册 Unit 2 Stay Healthy单元知识点梳理 基础知识清单 一、重点单词 1. healthy /ˈhelθi/ adj. 健康的（比较级：healthier；最高级：healthiest；名词：health 健康；反义词：unhealthy 不健康的） 2. illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病；病（形容词：ill 生病的；短语：suffer from an illness 患病） 3. symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ n. 症状（复数：symptoms；短语：have symptoms of 有……的症状） 4. headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n. 头痛（短语：have a headache 头痛；get a headache 头痛） 5. stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n. 胃痛；腹痛（短语：have a stomachache 胃痛；cause a stomachache 引发胃痛） 6. toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ n. 牙痛（短语：have a toothache 牙痛；relieve a toothache 缓解牙痛） 7. fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ n. 发烧；发热（短语：have a fever 发烧；run a fever 发烧；high fever 高烧） 8. cough /kɒf/ v.&n. 咳嗽（短语：have a cough 咳嗽；dry cough 干咳；cough badly 剧烈咳嗽） 9. cold /kəʊld/ n. 感冒；adj. 冷的（短语：have a cold 感冒；catch a cold 感冒；bad cold 重感冒） 10. diet /ˈdaɪət/ n. 饮食；v. 节食（短语：a balanced diet 均衡饮食；go on a diet 节食；diet habits 饮食习惯） 11. exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ v.&n. 锻炼；运动（短语：do exercise 做运动；take exercise 锻炼；regular exercise 规律锻炼） 12. sleep /sliːp/ v.&n. 睡觉；睡眠（短语：go to sleep 入睡；have a good sleep 睡个好觉；lack of sleep 睡眠不足） 13. energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能量；精力（形容词：energetic 精力充沛的；短语：full of energy 精力充沛） 14. doctor /ˈdɒktə(r)/ n. 医生（短语：see a doctor 看医生；go to the doctor 看医生；family doctor 家庭医生） 15. dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙医（短语：see a dentist 看牙医；dentist’s office 牙医诊所） 16. medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药；药物（短语：take medicine 吃药；some medicine 一些药；traditional medicine 中药） 17. advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n. 建议；忠告（不可数名词；短语：give advice 提建议；take advice 接受建议；follow advice 听从建议） 18. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n. 建议；提议（可数名词；复数：suggestions；短语：offer a suggestion 提出建议） 19. should /ʃʊd/ modal v. 应该；应当（否定式：shouldn’t 不应该；过去式：should have done 本应该做） 20. must /mʌst/ modal v. 必须；一定（否定式：mustn’t 禁止；过去式：had to 不得不） 21. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免；避开（短语：avoid doing sth. 避免做某事；avoid mistakes 避免错误） 22. prevent /prɪˈvent/ v. 预防；阻止（短语：prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；prevent illness 预防疾病） 23. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 保护（短语：protect...from... 保护……免受……；protect health 保护健康） 24. strong /strɒŋ/ adj. 强壮的；坚固的（副词：strongly 强烈地；名词：strength 力量；反义词：weak 虚弱的） 25. active /ˈæktɪv/ adj. 活跃的；积极的（副词：actively 积极地；名词：activity 活动；短语：be active in 积极参与） 二、重点短语 1. stay healthy 保持健康 2. a balanced diet 均衡饮食 3. do exercise / take exercise 做运动；锻炼 4. regular exercise 规律锻炼 5. have a headache 头痛 6. have a stomachache 胃痛 7. have a toothache 牙痛 8. have a fever 发烧 9. have a cough 咳嗽 10. have a cold 感冒 11. catch a cold 感冒 12. see a doctor 看医生 13. see a dentist 看牙医 14. take medicine 吃药 15. get enough sleep 获得充足睡眠 16. go to bed early 早睡 17. stay up late 熬夜 18. avoid eating junk food 避免吃垃圾食品 19. drink plenty of water 喝大量的水 20. keep a good mood 保持好心情 21. prevent illness 预防疾病 22. protect...from... 保护……免受…… 23. give advice on 就……提建议 24. follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议 25. be bad for 对……有害 26. be good for 对……有益 27. suffer from 遭受；患病 28. take a rest 休息 29. keep away from 远离 30. live a healthy life 过健康的生活 三、重点句型 1. —What’s wrong with you? / What’s the matter with you? —I have a bad headache and a fever.（—你怎么了？—我头痛得厉害还发烧。） 2. —How long have you been like this? —For two days.（—你这样多久了？—两天了。） 3. You should drink more hot water and have a good rest.（你应该多喝热水，好好休息。） 4. You shouldn’t eat cold food or stay up late when you’re ill.（生病时你不应该吃冷食或熬夜。） 5. It’s important to have a balanced diet and do regular exercise to stay healthy.（保持均衡饮食和规律锻炼对保持健康很重要。） 6. If you have a toothache, you’d better see a dentist as soon as possible.（如果你牙痛，最好尽快去看牙医。） 7. How about going for a walk after dinner? It’s good for your health.（晚饭后散步怎么样？对你的健康有好处。） 8. My doctor advised me to eat more vegetables and avoid eating too much meat.（我的医生建议我多吃蔬菜，避免吃太多肉。） 9. —Must I take this medicine three times a day? —Yes, you must. It can help you get better soon.（—我必须每天吃三次这种药吗？—是的，必须。它能帮你尽快康复。） 10. Staying healthy is not difficult if we stick to good living habits.（如果我们坚持良好的生活习惯，保持健康并不难。） 易错易混 四、重点词汇辨析 1. healthy & fit 词汇 含义与用法 例句 healthy 侧重“身体健康、无疾病”，可修饰人、饮食、生活方式等，应用范围广 Eating fresh vegetables every day is good for a healthy body.（每天吃新鲜蔬菜对健康的身体有益。） fit 侧重“身体强健、适合运动”，强调通过锻炼达到的良好状态，常用搭配“keep fit” She goes to the gym every week to keep fit.（她每周去健身房保持身体健康。） 2. ill & sick 词汇 含义与用法 例句 ill 表“生病的”时通常作表语，不修饰名词；还可表“不良的、邪恶的” He has been ill for a week and can’t go to school.（他病了一周，不能去上学。）/ It’s an ill decision.（这是个错误的决定。） sick 表“生病的”时可作表语或定语；还可表“恶心的、厌倦的” The sick boy was taken to the hospital by his parents.（那个生病的男孩被父母带去了医院。）/ I feel sick when I take this medicine.（我吃这种药时会感到恶心。） 3. advice & suggestion 词汇 含义与用法 例句 advice 不可数名词，表“笼统的建议、忠告”，常用搭配“give advice、take advice” Can you give me some advice on how to stay healthy?（你能给我一些关于如何保持健康的建议吗？） suggestion 可数名词，表“具体的一条或多条建议”，复数形式为suggestions She offered two practical suggestions: drink more water and exercise regularly.（她提出了两条实用建议：多喝水和规律锻炼。） 4. should & must 词汇 含义与用法 例句 should 表“应该”，语气较委婉，强调合理建议或责任义务，否定式为shouldn’t You should wash your hands before meals to prevent illness.（饭前你应该洗手预防疾病。） must 表“必须”，语气强烈，强调必要性或强制要求，否定式mustn’t表“禁止” We must wear masks in public places to protect ourselves.（我们在公共场所必须戴口罩保护自己。） 5. take medicine & have medicine 词汇短语 含义与用法 例句 take medicine 最常用表达，“吃药、服药”，泛指服用各类药物 You need to take medicine after meals.（你需要饭后吃药。） have medicine 语气更口语化，多用于英式英语，含义与take medicine基本一致 My grandma has medicine every morning to control her blood pressure.（我奶奶每天早上吃药控制血压。） 重难点 五、重点语法 1. 情态动词 should/shouldn’t/must/mustn’t 的用法 - 含义：should/shouldn’t 表“应该/不应该”，用于提出健康相关的建议；must/mustn’t 表“必须/禁止”，强调健康方面的必要性或禁忌。 - 句式结构： ① 肯定句：主语 + should/must + 动词原形 + 其他 例：We must keep our hands clean to avoid getting sick.（我们必须保持双手清洁以防生病。） ② 否定句：主语 + shouldn’t/mustn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 例：You mustn’t smoke—it’s bad for your lungs.（你禁止吸烟，这对你的肺有害。） ③ 一般疑问句：Should/Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + should/must.；否定回答：No, 主语 + shouldn’t./No, 主语 + needn’t.（must的否定回答用needn’t表“不必”）） 例：—Must I stay in bed all day? —No, you needn’t. You can go for a short walk.（—我必须整天卧床吗？—不，不必。你可以短途散步。） 2. 询问健康状况及持续时间的特殊疑问句 - 常用疑问词：what（询问症状）、how long（询问持续时间）、how（询问感受） - 典型句式： ① What’s wrong with you? / What’s the matter with you?（你怎么了？） ② How long have you had a cough?（你咳嗽多久了？） ③ How are you feeling now?（你现在感觉怎么样？） ④ What symptoms do you have?（你有什么症状？） 3. 祈使句（表健康建议、警示） - 含义：用于直接提出健康相关的建议、劝告或警示，主语常省略，语气亲切或坚定。 - 句式结构： ① 肯定句：动词原形 + 其他（表“建议做某事”） 例：Eat more fruit and vegetables.（多吃水果和蔬菜。）/ Drink plenty of warm water.（多喝温水。） ② 否定句：Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他（表“禁止/建议不要做某事”） 例：Don’t eat too much junk food.（不要吃太多垃圾食品。）/ Don’t run after eating.（饭后不要跑。） ③ 委婉式：Let’s + 动词原形 + 其他（表“一起做某事”，增强号召力） 例：Let’s do morning exercises together every day.（我们每天一起做早操吧。） 六、写作指导（介绍健康生活方式/给他人提健康建议） 1. 写作结构 部分 内容要点 常用表达 开头 点明健康的重要性，引出主题（如健康生活方式的意义、给他人的健康建议） Health is the foundation of a happy life. A healthy lifestyle can help us stay away from illness and live better. 主体 分点阐述健康生活方式的具体方面（饮食、运动、睡眠、卫生、心态等）或具体建议 First of all, we should keep a balanced diet. Second, regular exercise is necessary for our health. Third, getting enough sleep is crucial. Besides, we need to pay attention to personal hygiene. 结尾 总结健康生活的好处，呼吁大家坚持良好的生活习惯 In short, a healthy lifestyle is not hard to achieve. Let’s take action now and stick to good habits to stay healthy! 2. 范文示例 How to Stay Healthy As the saying goes, “Health is wealth.” Staying healthy is essential for us to study well and enjoy life. Here are some practical ways to keep healthy. First, a balanced diet is the key to good health. We should eat a variety of foods, such as fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains and lean protein. These foods provide us with necessary vitamins and energy. At the same time, we must avoid eating too much junk food and drinking soft drinks, as they are high in sugar and fat and bad for our bodies. Second, regular exercise can make us strong. We can choose sports we like, such as running, swimming, playing basketball or cycling. Doing exercise for 30 minutes every day not only strengthens our bodies but also relieves stress. Third, getting enough sleep is very important. We should go to bed early and wake up early, and try to sleep at least 8 hours a night. Enough sleep helps our bodies and brains rest and recover, so we can be energetic the next day. Besides, we need to pay attention to personal hygiene. Washing hands frequently, especially before meals and after using the toilet, can prevent the spread of germs. Also, keeping a good mood is good for our mental health. When we feel stressed, we can talk to our friends or listen to music to relax. In conclusion, a balanced diet, regular exercise, enough sleep, good hygiene and a positive mood are all important for staying healthy. Let’s start from now and develop good living habits to keep ourselves healthy and happy! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $