Unit 1 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语外研版必修第三册

外研版必修第三册Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（导学案） 1. 掌握本课核心词汇、短语和习语，并能在具体语境中正确理解和运用。 √ 词汇：embarrassed, conflict, apologize, resolve √ 短语：let down, let off steam, pull one’s weight √ 习语：Loose lips sink ships 2. 能通过略读、精读获取书信文本的主旨和关键信息，梳理 Ben 困境的成因及解决思路。 3. 能理解并概括 Agony Aunt 的建议逻辑，掌握表达建议与反思的基本句式。 4. 能结合自身经验，反思人际交往中的不当言行，认识理性沟通与信任维护的重要性。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1. /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的；难堪的 2. /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 矛盾；冲突 3. /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v. 道歉 4. /rɪˈzɒlv/ v. 解决 5. /trʌst/ n. 信任 二、词块记忆 1.让……失望 ___________ 2.发泄情绪 ___________ 3.解决矛盾 ___________ 4.造成麻烦 ___________ 5. 承担应有的责任 ___________ Part 1 Starting out 【思考导入】 在日常生活中，不恰当的言行可能会引发哪些人际问题？ 情境感知：不当言行与人际冲突 观察课本中的生活情境（打断他人、态度粗鲁、追问隐私等），思考以下问题： 1. What problems do these situations have in common? 2. How might the people being spoken to feel? 【思考提示】 These situations all show careless words or rude behavior, which may make others feel uncomfortable, annoyed or embarrassed. 【小结】 不恰当的言行往往是人际矛盾的起点，“说什么”和“怎么说”同样重要。 Part 2 Understanding ideas 【知识梳理1】Loose lips sink ships（主题句理解）Loose lips sink ships. 【语境理解】 This saying means that speaking carelessly, especially about private matters, can cause serious trouble. 【文本定位】 该习语点明全文主题，为后文 Ben 的经历和 Agony Aunt 的建议奠定基调。 【即学即练】 What does “Loose lips sink ships” mean? A. Ships are easily damaged. B. Speaking too much is dangerous only in war. C. Speaking carelessly can cause serious problems. D. Silence is always the best solution. 【知识梳理2】Ben 的困境分析（起因—发展—结果） 阅读 Ben 的来信，完成信息梳理。 要素 具体内容 起因 Ben 对队友的表现感到失望 行为 向朋友发泄情绪 转折 朋友泄露了他的抱怨 结果 尴尬、愧疚、团队关系紧张 【关键表达】 feel let down let off steam feel embarrassed 【即学即练】 1. Ben complained about his teammate mainly because he felt ________. 2. He talked to his friend just to ________. 3. When his words were shared, he felt extremely ________. 【知识梳理3】 Agony Aunt 的态度与观点 True or False： The Agony Aunt believes Ben is completely innocent and should not take responsibility. 【文本依据】 “But I have to say that it’s partly your fault.” 【理解提升】 Agony Aunt 并未简单“站队”，而是引导 Ben 进行自我反思，体现理性沟通的价值。 【知识梳理4】解决问题的三步策略（重点） Agony Aunt 给出了清晰的三步建议： Apologize to his teammate Communicate clearly and resolve conflicts Think first, speak later 【逻辑梳理】 Step Strategy Purpose First 道歉 修复关系 Second 沟通 化解误会 Third 反思 避免重犯 【即学即练】 According to the text, what should Ben do first? Why is communication important in resolving conflicts? 【知识梳理5】重点词块与语用理解 1. pull one’s weight承担应有的责任；尽力而为 【即学即练】 In Paragraph 6, “isn’t pulling their weight” most likely means ________. A. not strong enough B. not doing their fair share of work C. losing weight D. pulling something heavy 【整体主旨理解】 What is the overall message of Agony Aunt’s reply? A. Avoid expressing anger at all costs. B. Effective communication and self-reflection help resolve conflicts. C. Friends should never complain about each other. D. Teammates should always apologize first. 【课堂小结】 通过 Ben 的故事可以发现： 情绪发泄 ≠ 有效沟通 言语失当可能破坏信任 理性表达 + 自我反思 是解决人际矛盾的关键 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. In the morning, I open the window wide and ______________ (breath) in deeply. 2. The policeman signaled the driver ________ (cross) the road. 3. The whole society should be ______________ (concern) about the health and sound growth of children. 4. She spoke with us____________ the help of an interpreter. 5. I can’t help ___________(wonder) what happened to that little girl.(所给词的适当形式填空) 6. The bell rang, ________ (signal) that school was over. 7. After being told her son was lost, a ________(concern) look appeared on her face.  8. She found the film extremely ___________ (frighten). 9. Admitting you’ve made a mistake is a sign of___________ (strong), not weakness. 10. He ___________ (narrow) missed winning the race. 二、语法填空 Ben, 17, is a member of their school basketball team. He is crazy      1     basketball and pretty good at it, but they      2     (lose) their last match. In Ben’s opinion, their point guard was      3     (blame).      4     (disappoint) by his behaviour, Ben told this to his best friend. However, his best friend told everyone else      5     he’d said. Ben didn’t know what to do, so he asked Agony Aunt for help. As far as Agony Aunt     6     (concern), it is mainly his friend’s loose lips that make the situation worse. But it’s      7     (part) Ben’s fault. She suggests that Ben should apologise to his teammate. Secondly, Ben should talk to his friend that he is angry with him for      8     (repeat) what he said and making the situation worse,      9     that he wants to move on. Thirdly, Ben should think about his own behaviour and always remember: think first, speak later. If he feels one of his teammates isn’t pulling their     10     (weigh), then raise his concerns in a professional way with his team coach. 三、阅读理解 Many of us feel uneasy when someone stands too close to us, talks to us too loudly or makes eye contact (接触) with us for too long. But have you ever wondered why those things make you uncomfortable? It’s all about personal space, which means not only an imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the senses. People feel that their space is being violated (侵犯) when they meet with an unwelcome sound, smell or look. This is probably why a man on a crowded bus shouting into his mobile phone or a woman next to you putting on strong perfume (香水) makes you feel angry. Whether people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire (渴望) to have space to themselves. In a survey (调查) by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they had to pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food. Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers in front of their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers. Go and watch a library table. You will notice that one of the corner seats will usually be taken first, because they are the farthest way. What if someone sits opposite to you? Maybe you will pile up books as if to make a wall. Preference (偏好) for personal space are different from culture to culture. Scientists have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people from other cultures. In Latin (拉丁人的) cultures, however, people are more comfortable standing close to each other. 1. The writer mainly _________ in this article. A．tells us how to achieve personal space B．explains what personal space people need is C．introduces some knowledge about personal space D．argues for the importance of keeping personal space 2. Who might feel his personal space is safe according to the passage? A．A person who has to sit next to a lady putting on strong perfume. B．A person who has been watched by a stranger for a long time. C．A person who hears strange noises when reading at home. D．A Latin boy who is chatting with a friend sitting close to him. 3. What can we know from the survey by TripAdvisor? A．People need a smaller personal space in recent times than before. B．People have a strong desire for personal space in recent times. C．There are not enough seats on the plane to meet people’s needs. D．Food service is better provided than seats on the plane. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The space around the body is more needed than that around all the senses. B．If you hold newspapers on the bus, your personal space won’t be violated. C．People usually choose the corner seats first in a library for personal space. D．Different cultures share the same preferences for personal space. 一、阅读理解 A When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 1. How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 3. Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 4. What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. B As the oldest of three children, I never had any hand-me-downs to wear like other poor kids. Instead, Mom got my wardrobe (全部衣物) from neighborhood mothers. Imagine the fun other kids had when they saw me wearing their used clothing. Perhaps my biggest challenge came from Charlie. As far as I was concerned, Charlie’s main fun was to make fun of me. During those years, I slowly learned to hate. I hated Charlie, but I also hated myself for not being able to change my situation. But situations do change. That opportunity came after high school when I joined the Navy. The Navy made me a social equal for the first time in my life, and the GI Bill gave me a college education. Hard work and a few lucky career choices finally lifted me into the middle class. One beautiful summer afternoon, my friend and I celebrated Friday in Jackson’s Steak House. For the first time in almost twenty years, I saw Charlie. Not only did I see him, but he spoke to me. I could tell he didn’t recognize me, but I surely recognized my childhood tormentor (折磨者). His words were short, but I’ll never forget them. He said, “Sir, what kind of dressing would you like with your salad?” The tables had turned. Charlie was calling me “Sir”. While hundreds of improper ideas raced through my mind, I could only give a two-word reply: “Blue cheese.” As much as I wanted to taste the sweet taste of revenge (复仇), I refused to do it. I wouldn’t put another person through what I had gone through as a child. It was time to put childish things behind me and make use of the new opportunity that life had given me. I left him a good tip and I didn’t say one word about recognizing him. 5. Where did the author usually get his clothes as a kid? A．His mom bought them for him. B．They were from other families. C．Other poor kids collected them for him. D．They were handed down by his brothers. 6. Which word best describes the author’s childhood? A．Painful. B．Funny. C．Strange. D．Lucky. 7. What job did Charlie probably do? A．A hairdresser. B．A waiter. C．A soldier. D．A cook. 8. What is the best title of the passage? A．Live your own dream B．Best memories in childhood C．Don’t hate but love your enemy D．Grow up and let it go C True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.—Charles Caleb Colton. Just like in any other relationship, arguments and fights are also a part of friendship. You will hardly find friends who have never fought with one another. Whatever the reason is, if a person feels that he is responsible for creating the differences, it is important that he apologizes to his friend. Though you can use the email, text messages or chat for expressing your apology, the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him. This will make your friend realize that your efforts of saying sorry are genuine and you really care for him. Points to Remember: Timing: Write the letter at the proper time.It is not advisable to put off it for too long. Words: While writing the letter, what matters the most is that you truly feel sorry. Sequence: Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake. Then explain to him your side of the story. In the third and last paragraph, talk about what his friendship means to you and make a promise of not repeating the mistake. Delivery: You can either post it or deliver the letter personally or through someone else. You can also keep it at a location where your friend will be able to find it easily. Some people may try to point out the friend’s mistake while writing the letter. Avoid this completely, as it can make matters worse. The letter has to be brief and should only talk about the subject that has led to your apology. Keep patient and do not expect immediate results. In some cases, it may take time for the person to forgive and forget. 9. The saying in the first paragraph is used to ________ . A．let readers study a famous saying B．introduce the topic of the passage C．show who is Charles Caleb Colton D．tell readers the importance of friends 10. From the passage, we can know that the writer advises using________ to apologize. A．the email B．text messages C．chat online D．letters 11. When writing a letter of apology, you should________. A．try to point out the friend’s mistake B．make the letter long and interesting C．begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake D．write the importance of your friendship in the first paragraph 二、思维提升-观点分享 Share your communication habits and talk about how to improve unhealthy ways of communication. Task 1. Draw two communication cycles of your own (an unhealthy one & a healthy one). 2. Prepare a short presentation to explain your cycles and practise with your partner. You may think about: · speaking without thinking · keeping or breaking secrets · expressing anger · apologizing and communicating clearly 三、思维提升-书面表达 本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。 写作情境 假使你是李华，你的外国笔友 Peter 因为向朋友抱怨队友而引发误会，朋友泄露了他的私下话语，导致关系紧张。他写信向你求助，希望改善人际沟通方式。 请你运用本课所学内容帮助 Peter。 写作要点 ① 不当言行带来的影响 ② 如何通过理性沟通与反思来解决问题（参考课文中 Agony Aunt 的建议逻辑） 二选一 1. 写三条建议 要求： · 至少使用 5 个本课所学单词或短语 （如：let down, embarrassed, let off steam, apologize, resolve conflicts, think first, speak later） 2. 写一封完整的建议信 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版必修第三册Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（导学案） 1. 掌握本课核心词汇、短语和习语，并能在具体语境中正确理解和运用。 √ 词汇：embarrassed, conflict, apologize, resolve √ 短语：let down, let off steam, pull one’s weight √ 习语：Loose lips sink ships 2.能通过略读、精读获取书信文本的主旨和关键信息，梳理 Ben 困境的成因及解决思路。 3.能理解并概括 Agony Aunt 的建议逻辑，掌握表达建议与反思的基本句式。 4.能结合自身经验，反思人际交往中的不当言行，认识理性沟通与信任维护的重要性。 1、 基础词汇记忆 1. /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的；难堪的 2. /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 矛盾；冲突 3. /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v. 道歉 4. /rɪˈzɒlv/ v. 解决 5. /trʌst/ n. 信任 【答案】 1.embarrassed 2.conflict 3.apologize 4.resolve 5.trust 二、词块记忆 1.让……失望 ___________ 2.发泄情绪 ___________ 3.解决矛盾 ___________ 4.造成麻烦 ___________ 5. 承担应有的责任 ___________ 【答案】 1. let down 2. let off steam 3. resolve conflicts 4. cause trouble 5. pull one’s weight Part 1 Starting out 【思考导入】 在日常生活中，不恰当的言行可能会引发哪些人际问题？ 情境感知：不当言行与人际冲突 观察课本中的生活情境（打断他人、态度粗鲁、追问隐私等），思考以下问题： 1. What problems do these situations have in common? 2. How might the people being spoken to feel? 【思考提示】 These situations all show careless words or rude behavior, which may make others feel uncomfortable, annoyed or embarrassed. 【小结】 不恰当的言行往往是人际矛盾的起点，“说什么”和“怎么说”同样重要。 Part 2 Understanding ideas 【知识梳理1】Loose lips sink ships（主题句理解）Loose lips sink ships. 【语境理解】 This saying means that speaking carelessly, especially about private matters, can cause serious trouble. 【文本定位】 该习语点明全文主题，为后文 Ben 的经历和 Agony Aunt 的建议奠定基调。 【即学即练】 What does “Loose lips sink ships” mean? A. Ships are easily damaged. B. Speaking too much is dangerous only in war. C. Speaking carelessly can cause serious problems. D. Silence is always the best solution. 【答案】C 【知识梳理2】Ben 的困境分析（起因—发展—结果） 阅读 Ben 的来信，完成信息梳理。 要素 具体内容 起因 Ben 对队友的表现感到失望 行为 向朋友发泄情绪 转折 朋友泄露了他的抱怨 结果 尴尬、愧疚、团队关系紧张 【关键表达】 feel let down let off steam feel embarrassed 【即学即练】 1. Ben complained about his teammate mainly because he felt ________. 2. He talked to his friend just to ________. 3. When his words were shared, he felt extremely ________. 【答案】1. let down 2.let off steam 3.embarrassed 【知识梳理3】 Agony Aunt 的态度与观点 True or False： The Agony Aunt believes Ben is completely innocent and should not take responsibility. 【答案】False 【文本依据】 “But I have to say that it’s partly your fault.” 【理解提升】 Agony Aunt 并未简单“站队”，而是引导 Ben 进行自我反思，体现理性沟通的价值。 【知识梳理4】解决问题的三步策略（重点） Agony Aunt 给出了清晰的三步建议： Apologize to his teammate Communicate clearly and resolve conflicts Think first, speak later 【逻辑梳理】 Step Strategy Purpose First 道歉修复关系 Second 沟通 化解误会 Third 反思 避免重犯 【即学即练】 According to the text, what should Ben do first? Why is communication important in resolving conflicts? 【答案】He should apologize to his teammate. Because it helps people understand each other and reduce misunderstandings. 【知识梳理5】重点词块与语用理解 1. pull one’s weight承担应有的责任；尽力而为 【即学即练】 In Paragraph 6, “isn’t pulling their weight” most likely means ________. A. not strong enough B. not doing their fair share of work C. losing weight D. pulling something heavy 【答案】B 【整体主旨理解】 What is the overall message of Agony Aunt’s reply? A. Avoid expressing anger at all costs. B. Effective communication and self-reflection help resolve conflicts. C. Friends should never complain about each other. D. Teammates should always apologize first. 【答案】B 【课堂小结】 通过 Ben 的故事可以发现： 情绪发泄 ≠ 有效沟通 言语失当可能破坏信任 理性表达 + 自我反思 是解决人际矛盾的关键 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. In the morning, I open the window wide and ______________ (breath) in deeply. 【答案】breathe 【解析】考查动词。句意：早晨，我把窗户开得很大，深深地吸气。and 连接两个并列谓语，open 与 breathe 形式一致，应用动词原形。故填 breathe。 2. The policeman signaled the driver ________ (cross) the road. 【答案】to cross 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察示意司机过马路。signal sb. to do sth. 表示“示意某人做某事”，为固定用法。故填 to cross。 3. The whole society should be ______________ (concern) about the health and sound growth of children. 【答案】concerned 【解析】考查形容词。句意：整个社会都应该关心儿童的健康和健全成长。be concerned about 为固定搭配，意为“关心……”。故填 concerned。 4. She spoke with us____________ the help of an interpreter. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。句意：她在翻译的帮助下与我们交谈。with the help of 为固定短语，意为“在……的帮助下”。故填 with。 5. I can’t help ___________(wonder) what happened to that little girl.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】wondering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我忍不住想知道那个小女孩发生了什么事。can’t help doing sth. 表示“忍不住做某事”。故填 wondering。 6. The bell rang, ________ (signal) that school was over. 【答案】signaling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：铃声响了，表明放学了。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示铃声响所带来的结果。故填 signaling。 7. After being told her son was lost, a ________(concern) look appeared on her face.  【答案】concerned 【解析】考查形容词。句意：得知儿子走失后，她脸上露出了担忧的表情。concerned 作形容词，意为“担心的”，修饰 look。故填 concerned。 8. She found the film extremely ___________ (frighten). 【答案】frightening 【解析】考查形容词。句意：她发现这部电影非常吓人。修饰事物的性质应用 -ing 形式形容词。故填 frightening。 9. Admitting you’ve made a mistake is a sign of___________ (strong), not weakness. 【答案】strength 【解析】考查名词。句意：承认自己犯了错误是一种力量的表现，而不是软弱。空前有介词 of，后面应接名词作宾语，strong 的名词形式是 strength，意为“力量”。因此填 strength。 10. He ___________ (narrow) missed winning the race. 【答案】narrowly 【解析】考查副词。句意：他以微弱差距错失了比赛胜利。missed 为动词，应用副词修饰，narrow 的副词形式为 narrowly，意为“险些”。故填 narrowly。 二、语法填空 Ben, 17, is a member of their school basketball team. He is crazy      1     basketball and pretty good at it, but they      2     (lose) their last match. In Ben’s opinion, their point guard was      3     (blame).      4     (disappoint) by his behaviour, Ben told this to his best friend. However, his best friend told everyone else      5     he’d said. Ben didn’t know what to do, so he asked Agony Aunt for help. As far as Agony Aunt     6     (concern), it is mainly his friend’s loose lips that make the situation worse. But it’s      7     (part) Ben’s fault. She suggests that Ben should apologise to his teammate. Secondly, Ben should talk to his friend that he is angry with him for      8     (repeat) what he said and making the situation worse,      9     that he wants to move on. Thirdly, Ben should think about his own behaviour and always remember: think first, speak later. If he feels one of his teammates isn’t pulling their     10     (weigh), then raise his concerns in a professional way with his team coach. 【答案】1. about 2. lost 3. to blame 4. Disappointed 5. what 6.mainly 7. worse 8. angry 9. but 10. teammates 【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了Ben和朋友发生了矛盾，AgonyAunt给他提出了解决这件事的方法。 【小题1】考查介词。句意：他对足球着迷，并且很擅长足球，但是他们上次输掉了比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“对⋯着迷”，表达为be crazy about，故填about。 【小题2】考查时态。句意：同上。根据句子分析可知，此处they作主语，lose为谓语动词，根据时间状语last month可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填lost。 【小题3】考查动词不定式。句意：在Ben看来，这是他们的控球后卫的责任。根据句子分析可知，此处为“应受到责备”，表达为be to blame，故填to blame。 【小题4】考查形容词作状语。句意：对他的行为很失望，Ben将这件事告诉了他最好的朋友。根据句子分析可知，此处应用形容词“disappointed感到失望的”作状语，说明主语Ben的状态，句首单词首字母大写。故填Disappointed。 【小题5】考查宾语从句的连词。句意：然而，他的好朋友将他说的话告诉了他其他人。根据句子分析可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少said的宾语，意为“什么”，故应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 【小题6】考查副词。句意：在Agony Aunt看来，主要是因为他朋友的大嘴巴才让情况变得更糟糕。此作状语，意为“主要地”，故应用mainly作状语，故填mainly。 【小题7】考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据句子分析可知，此处应用形容词作宾补，且此处暗含比较级“更糟糕”的意思，故填worse。 【小题8】考查形容词。句意：其次，Ben应该告诉他朋友，他对他朋友将他说的话告诉别人，让情况更糟糕这件事很生气，但是他决定不计较了。根据句子分析可知，此处应用形容词“angry生气的”作表语，故填angry。 【小题9】考查连词。句意：同上。根据句意可知，此空前文“他很生气”和“决定不计较”为转折关系，故应用连词but，故填but. 【小题10】考查名词的数。句意：如果他感觉他的队员在拉他们组的后退的话，他就会以一种正式的方式和教练提出这个问题。根据句子分析可知，空前有one of，故此处应用名词的复数，故填teammates。 三、阅读理解 Many of us feel uneasy when someone stands too close to us, talks to us too loudly or makes eye contact (接触) with us for too long. But have you ever wondered why those things make you uncomfortable? It’s all about personal space, which means not only an imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the senses. People feel that their space is being violated (侵犯) when they meet with an unwelcome sound, smell or look. This is probably why a man on a crowded bus shouting into his mobile phone or a woman next to you putting on strong perfume (香水) makes you feel angry. Whether people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire (渴望) to have space to themselves. In a survey (调查) by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they had to pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food. Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers in front of their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers. Go and watch a library table. You will notice that one of the corner seats will usually be taken first, because they are the farthest way. What if someone sits opposite to you? Maybe you will pile up books as if to make a wall. Preference (偏好) for personal space are different from culture to culture. Scientists have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people from other cultures. In Latin (拉丁人的) cultures, however, people are more comfortable standing close to each other. 1. The writer mainly _________ in this article. A．tells us how to achieve personal space B．explains what personal space people need is C．introduces some knowledge about personal space D．argues for the importance of keeping personal space 2. Who might feel his personal space is safe according to the passage? A．A person who has to sit next to a lady putting on strong perfume. B．A person who has been watched by a stranger for a long time. C．A person who hears strange noises when reading at home. D．A Latin boy who is chatting with a friend sitting close to him. 3. What can we know from the survey by TripAdvisor? A．People need a smaller personal space in recent times than before. B．People have a strong desire for personal space in recent times. C．There are not enough seats on the plane to meet people’s needs. D．Food service is better provided than seats on the plane. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The space around the body is more needed than that around all the senses. B．If you hold newspapers on the bus, your personal space won’t be violated. C．People usually choose the corner seats first in a library for personal space. D．Different cultures share the same preferences for personal space. 【答案】 【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】B 【小题4】C 【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文讲述的是私人空间的话题，很多人都不愿意与别人靠得太近，主要目的是未来保护私人空间。文章中还提及了一项有关的调查，以及相关的信息。 【小题1】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many of us feel uneasy when someone stands too close to us, talks to us too loudly or makes eye contact (接触) with us for too long. But have you ever wondered why those things make you uncomfortable? （当有人站得离我们 太近，和我们说话太大声，或者和我们眼神交流太久时，我们很多人都会感到不安。但是你有没有想过为什么这些东西会让你不舒服？）”和文章第二段“It’s all about personal space, which means not only an imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the senses.（这一切都是关于个人空间，这不仅意味着身体周围的想象空间，也包括所有感官周围的空间。）”可知，本文介绍的是关于私人距离的有关知识。故选C。 【小题2】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“In Latin (拉丁人的) cultures, however, people are more comfortable standing close to each other.（然而，在拉丁文化中，人们彼此站得很近更舒服。）”可知，拉丁人认为近距离是舒服的。故选D。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据文章第三段Whether people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire (渴望) to have space to themselves.（最近，人们是否有更强 烈的愿望来保护自己的个人空间还很难说。然而，对航空公司的研究表明，人们有强烈的渴望拥有属于自己的空间。）”可知，这项调查中认为最近人们对于之间的私人距离有很强烈的欲望。故选B。 【小题4】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers in front of their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers.（尽管人们可能需要他们的个人空间，一些人几乎没有意识到这一点。例如，在公共汽车上人们拿着报纸在他们的脸前阅读，其实就是为了保持与陌生人之间的距离。）”可知，人们经常会选择一些不被人注意的角落，这样才显得更加安全。故选C。 一、阅读理解 A When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman. As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior,” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. 1. How does the author start the text? A．By raising a question. B．By giving an example. C．By expressing an opinion. D．By comparing different views. 2. What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Be careful about lying. B．It’s OK to tell a white lie. C．Never should a person tell lies. D．A meaningful relationship matters. 3. Why would people lie more according to the study? A．They are used to lying. B．They don’t behave well. C．They lose track of others. D．They don’t want to hurt others’ feelings. 4. What does Sharot advise us to do? A．Try to bend the truth. B．Change our behavior. C．Say sorry to the one we lied to. D．Concentrate more on our values. 【答案】 【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】A 【小题4】D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了撒谎对友谊的影响，并提出了如何处理这种情况的建议。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward (令人尴尬的) when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite — a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one,” said Heyman.（当GailHeyman和一个朋友去购物时，当她的朋友问她最喜欢哪件 衣服时，她发现自己很尴尬。她的朋友有一条明确的最爱条Heyman碰巧不喜欢的裙子。Heyman说：“在这种情况下，我撒了谎，说我喜欢同一款。”）”可知，文章开头，作者是通过举了一个例子来引出本文主题。故选B。 【小题2】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As Heyman’s experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend’s feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it’s a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don’t tell him because you don’t want to hurt his feelings, that’s really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing.（正如Heyman的经历所表明 的那样，如果你为了让朋友感觉良好而说一个善意的谎言，可能并不那么重要。但当涉及到你生命中最有意义的关系时，不惜一切代价保护朋友 的感受有时会让他们失败）”可知，有时候你的一个所谓的善意的谎言可能会让你的朋友失败。由此推知，对于说谎，我们应该抱有谨慎的态度。故选A。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it’s because people just get used to it.（如果你知道谎言会有结果，为什 么你还经常撒谎？伦敦大学学院教授TaliSharot进行的一项研究发现，这是因为人们已经习惯了。）〞可知，人们明知道谎言会有后果还是会说 谎是因为人们习惯了说谎。故选A。 【小题4】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sharot notes that if you’re worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth (歪曲事实). She thinks it’s best to do so when you’re not actually responding to those triggers (诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively.（Sharot指出，如果你担心自己撒了太多的谎，那就试着注意一下自己什么时候想要歪曲事实。她认为最好是在你对这些诱因没有实际 反应的时候这样做。把你的注意力从羞耻转移到你的价值观上，这是一种开始更积极地看待这个问题的健康方式。）”可知，Sharot建议我们应该把注意力放在价值观上。故选D。 B As the oldest of three children, I never had any hand-me-downs to wear like other poor kids. Instead, Mom got my wardrobe (全部衣物) from neighborhood mothers. Imagine the fun other kids had when they saw me wearing their used clothing. Perhaps my biggest challenge came from Charlie. As far as I was concerned, Charlie’s main fun was to make fun of me. During those years, I slowly learned to hate. I hated Charlie, but I also hated myself for not being able to change my situation. But situations do change. That opportunity came after high school when I joined the Navy. The Navy made me a social equal for the first time in my life, and the GI Bill gave me a college education. Hard work and a few lucky career choices finally lifted me into the middle class. One beautiful summer afternoon, my friend and I celebrated Friday in Jackson’s Steak House. For the first time in almost twenty years, I saw Charlie. Not only did I see him, but he spoke to me. I could tell he didn’t recognize me, but I surely recognized my childhood tormentor (折磨者). His words were short, but I’ll never forget them. He said, “Sir, what kind of dressing would you like with your salad?” The tables had turned. Charlie was calling me “Sir”. While hundreds of improper ideas raced through my mind, I could only give a two-word reply: “Blue cheese.” As much as I wanted to taste the sweet taste of revenge (复仇), I refused to do it. I wouldn’t put another person through what I had gone through as a child. It was time to put childish things behind me and make use of the new opportunity that life had given me. I left him a good tip and I didn’t say one word about recognizing him. 5. Where did the author usually get his clothes as a kid? A．His mom bought them for him. B．They were from other families. C．Other poor kids collected them for him. D．They were handed down by his brothers. 6. Which word best describes the author’s childhood? A．Painful. B．Funny. C．Strange. D．Lucky. 7. What job did Charlie probably do? A．A hairdresser. B．A waiter. C．A soldier. D．A cook. 8. What is the best title of the passage? A．Live your own dream B．Best memories in childhood C．Don’t hate but love your enemy D．Grow up and let it go 【答案】 【小题5】B 【小题6】A 【小题7】B 【小题8】D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小时候查理折磨了作者的童年，他很恨查理，长大后遇到了做服务生的查理，作者本想报复查理，但是最终选择了放手，好好利用生活给自己的新机会。 【小题5】细节理解题。根据第一段“As the oldest of three children, I never had any hand-me-downs to wear like other poor kids. Instead, Mom got my wardrobe (全部衣物) from neighborhood mothers. （作为三个孩子中年龄最大的一个，我从来没有像其他穷孩子那样穿任何旧衣服。相反，妈妈从邻居的妈妈那里得到了我的全部衣物）”可知，作者小时候经常从其他家庭得到衣服。故选B项。 【小题6】推理判断题。根据第一段“ Imagine the fun other kids had when they saw me wearing their used clothing.（根象一下其他孩子 看到我穿着他们的I衣服时的乐趣吧）”以及第二段"During those years, I slowly learned to hate. I hated Charlie, but I also hated myself for not being able to change my situation.（在那些年里，我慢慢学会了仇恨。我恨查理，但我也恨自己不能改变我的处境）”可知，作者感觉自己的童年是痛苦不堪的。故选A项。 【小题7】推理判断题。根据第四段“One beautiful summer afternoon, my friend and I celebrated Friday in Jackson’s Steak House. For the first time in almost twenty years, I saw Charlie.（一个美丽的夏日下午，我和朋友在杰克逊牛排馆庆祝星期五。这是近二十年来我第一 次见到查理）”以及“He said，“Sir,what kind of dressing would you like with your salad？”（他说：“先生，你的沙拉要什么调味品？”）”可知，作者在牛排馆里遇见查理时，查理作为服务生询问作者需要什么调味品。故选B项。 【小题8】主旨大意题。根据第二段"I hated Charlie, but I also hated myself for not being able to change my situation.（我恨查理，但我也恨自己不能改变我的处境）”以及最后一段"As much as I wanted to taste the sweet taste of revenge (复仇), I refused to do it. I wouldn’t put another person through what I had gone through as a child. It was time to put childish things behind me and make use of the new opportunity that life had given me.（虽然我很想尝到复仇的甜蜜滋味，但我拒绝了这样做。我不会让别人经历我小时候所经历的一切。 是时候把幼稚的事情抛诸脑后，利用生活给我的新机会了）”可知，小时候查理折磨了作者的童年，他很恨查理，成年后遇到了做服务生的查理，作者本想报复查理，但是最终选择了放手，好好利用生活给自己的新机会，所以“长大吧，放手吧”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。 C True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.—Charles Caleb Colton. Just like in any other relationship, arguments and fights are also a part of friendship. You will hardly find friends who have never fought with one another. Whatever the reason is, if a person feels that he is responsible for creating the differences, it is important that he apologizes to his friend. Though you can use the email, text messages or chat for expressing your apology, the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him. This will make your friend realize that your efforts of saying sorry are genuine and you really care for him. Points to Remember: Timing: Write the letter at the proper time.It is not advisable to put off it for too long. Words: While writing the letter, what matters the most is that you truly feel sorry. Sequence: Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake. Then explain to him your side of the story. In the third and last paragraph, talk about what his friendship means to you and make a promise of not repeating the mistake. Delivery: You can either post it or deliver the letter personally or through someone else. You can also keep it at a location where your friend will be able to find it easily. Some people may try to point out the friend’s mistake while writing the letter. Avoid this completely, as it can make matters worse. The letter has to be brief and should only talk about the subject that has led to your apology. Keep patient and do not expect immediate results. In some cases, it may take time for the person to forgive and forget. 9. The saying in the first paragraph is used to ________ . A．let readers study a famous saying B．introduce the topic of the passage C．show who is Charles Caleb Colton D．tell readers the importance of friends 10. From the passage, we can know that the writer advises using________ to apologize. A．the email B．text messages C．chat online D．letters 11. When writing a letter of apology, you should________. A．try to point out the friend’s mistake B．make the letter long and interesting C．begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake D．write the importance of your friendship in the first paragraph 【答案】 【小题9】B 【小题10】D 【小题11】C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。友谊对于人们而言就像健康一样，只有失去时才会知道它的重要价值，文章介绍了如何写道歉信来保护好朋友之间的友谊。 【小题9】推理判断题。根据第一句“True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost.—Charles Caleb Colton.（友谊就像健康一样重要，失去时才知道它的价值）”结合后文主要说明了如何写道歉信保护朋友之间的友谊，可推测第一句话是为了引入文章的主题。故选B。 【小题10】推理判断题。根据第三段中"Though you can use the email, text messages or chat for expressing your apology, the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him.（虽然你可以用电子邮件、短信或聊天来表达你的道歉，但通过一封信向你的朋友道歉的好方法肯定会对他产生很大的影响）〞可推断，作者建议使用信件来道歉。故选D。 【小题11】细节理解题。根据文中Sequence部分中的“ Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake.（总是从为你的错误道歉开始）”可知，当写道歉信的时候，你应该首先要道歉，为你的错误道歉。故选C。 二、思维提升-观点分享 Share your communication habits and talk about how to improve unhealthy ways of communication. Task 1. Draw two communication cycles of your own (an unhealthy one & a healthy one). 2. Prepare a short presentation to explain your cycles and practise with your partner. You may think about: · speaking without thinking · keeping or breaking secrets · expressing anger · apologizing and communicating clearly 【参考答案】 Unhealthy communication cycle Feeling angry → letting off steam → saying something careless → hurting others → feeling embarrassed Healthy communication cycle Feeling angry → calming down → thinking first → expressing feelings politely → resolving conflicts Short presentation example In the past, when I was angry, I often spoke without thinking. I just wanted to let off steam, but my words caused trouble and made others feel hurt. Now I try to calm down first and think before I speak. This helps me communicate better and avoid misunderstandings. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。 写作情境 假使你是李华，你的外国笔友 Peter 因为向朋友抱怨队友而引发误会，朋友泄露了他的私下话语，导致关系紧张。他写信向你求助，希望改善人际沟通方式。 请你运用本课所学内容帮助 Peter。 写作要点 ① 不当言行带来的影响 ② 如何通过理性沟通与反思来解决问题（参考课文中 Agony Aunt 的建议逻辑） 二选一 1. 写三条建议 要求： · 至少使用 5 个本课所学单词或短语 （如：let down, embarrassed, let off steam, apologize, resolve conflicts, think first, speak later） 【参考答案】 1. When you feel angry, don’t let off steam by complaining to others, because careless words may cause trouble. 2. You should apologize to your teammate and communicate clearly to resolve conflicts. 3. Always remember to think first and speak later, so you won’t let others down again. 2. 写一封完整的建议信 【参考范文】 Dear Peter, I’m sorry to hear that you’re in such an embarrassing situation. Speaking without thinking may seem like a way to let off steam, but it can easily cause misunderstandings and hurt others. First, you should apologize to your teammate and explain your true feelings. Honest communication is important to resolve conflicts. Then, talk to your friend and let him know that sharing your private words made the situation worse. Most importantly, try to reflect on your own behavior. When you are angry, calm down and remember to think first, speak later. I believe that with sincere communication and self-reflection, you can rebuild trust and improve your relationships. Best regards, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $