专题14 阅读理解（讲义）-2026版云南省（职教高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》

编写说明：2026版云南省（职教高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的18个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版云南省职教高考二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第14个专题，阅读理解。 2026版云南省（职教高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题14 阅读理解（讲义） 真题分析 （一）题型分值 结合2020-2025年云南职教高考英语真题，阅读理解为必考题型，分值占比20-30分（2020-2024年为20分/20题，2025年为30分/15题），是分值占比最高的题型之一，直接决定英语学科得分上限，是备考核心模块。 （二）选材特点 1.题材贴近生活：主要涉及校园生活、日常活动、人物事迹、自然动物、科技发展、环保、文化习俗等，无生僻冷门题材，如2024年的张桂梅事迹、2025年的中国四大现代贡献、2023年的狮子保护等。 2.体裁固定多样：以记叙文、说明文为主，偶尔涉及议论文（如2022年关于“嘲笑他人与自我嘲笑”的议论文），记叙文侧重情节梳理，说明文侧重细节查找与信息匹配。 3.难度梯度合理：文章词汇难度贴合中职英语大纲，无过多超纲词，长难句较少；题目设置由易到难，基础题占比60%-70%，中档题（推理判断、词义猜测）占20%-30%，难题（主旨大意）占比极低。 （三）命题规律 1.基础题型主导：细节理解题（直接定位原文找答案）为绝对主力，每年占比超60%，如2024年A篇关于俱乐部时间、费用的题目，2023年C篇关于作者校园生活的细节题。 2.核心题型必考：推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题为高频必考题型，其中推理判断题每年考查3-5题，侧重对原文信息的合理推断，而非主观臆断；主旨大意题多考查段落或全文主旨，需规避细节干扰。 3.定位性强：多数题目可通过题干关键词（人名、地名、数字、核心名词）快速定位到原文对应段落，无需通读全文，解题效率较高。 考点预测 （一）题型预测 题型 考查重点 细节理解题 对时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等具体信息的查找与匹配 推理判断题 对作者意图、文章隐含意义、段落逻辑的推断，避免过度推理 主旨大意题 多考查全文主旨或某一段落主旨，规避细节干扰项，把握文章核心话题 词义猜测题 考查生词、短语或熟词生义，依托上下文语境、因果/转折关系推断词义 （二）选材预测 1.题材：延续贴近中职生生活、贴合时代热点的特点，可能涉及校园活动、环保行动、科技应用（如人工智能、新能源）、人物事迹（时代楷模、普通劳动者）、文化交流等。 2.体裁：记叙文、说明文仍为主流，议论文可能结合“成长、责任、规则”等话题考查，难度不会显著提升。 3.词汇与句式：词汇难度贴合大纲，超纲词会结合上下文给出提示；长难句以简单复合句为主，避免复杂句式堆砌。 必考点清单 （一）核心必考点 必考点类型 具体考点 解题关键 核心必考点 细节理解：时间、地点、人物、事件、因果、数字、方式等具体信息的定位与匹配 圈画题干关键词，快速定位原文对应句子，比对选项与原文差异，排除偷换概念、张冠李戴、扩大范围的干扰项 推理判断：作者态度、文章隐含意义、段落逻辑、人物心理的推断 立足原文信息，不主观臆断；注意转折（but、however）、因果（so、because）等逻辑词，把握上下文关联 主旨大意：全文主旨、段落主旨的概括 重点阅读首尾段、段落首尾句，规避细节类干扰项，把握文章核心话题 次要必考点 词义猜测：生词、短语、熟词生义的推断，依托上下文语境解题 利用因果、转折、举例等逻辑关系，结合前后句意思推断词义 观点态度：作者对某一事物、事件的态度（支持、反对、客观、主观） 关注情感色彩词汇（positive、negative、neutral、critical），结合文章主旨判断 （三）易错点提醒 题型 易错点 规避技巧 细节题 偷换概念、时间/地点错位、语气范围偏差（如原文“many”→选项“all”） 逐字比对选项与原文，圈画关键限定词，避免粗心遗漏细节 推理题 过度推理、脱离原文主观臆断 所有推断均需有原文依据，不延伸文本未提及的内容 主旨题 以偏概全（用段落细节代替全文主旨） 优先梳理首尾段核心观点，排除仅涉及局部内容的选项 10分钟小测 阅读下列短文，完成1-15题 Passage 1 Lunch Club *Open from 11:30 am to 1:30 pm Cost: ¥3 a time Children can have a healthy lunch of rice, meat and vegetables. Then they can talk and play with their friends. They will have a good rest and be ready for the afternoon lessons. After-school Club *Open from 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm. *Cost: free Children can relax, play and study. There are different activities to enjoy and a reading room for homework or reading. There will also be some interesting books. For more information, call the school office at 023-8729-3611. 1. When does Lunch Club begin to serve lunch? A. 11:00 am. B. 11:30 am. C. 1:30 pm. D. 2:30 pm. 【答案】B 解析：细节理解题 。第一步，圈画题干关键词“Lunch Club、begin to serve lunch”，明确考查午餐俱乐部的开始供应时间；第二步，快速定位原文Lunch Club部分的“Open from 11:30 am to 1:30 pm”，可知开始时间为上午11:30；第三步，比对选项，A选项11:00 am为偷换时间，C选项1:30 pm为结束时间，D选项2:30 pm无原文依据，故答案为B。 2. What can children do at Lunch Club? A. Watch cartoons. B. Play basketball. C. Have a healthy lunch. D. Do homework or read. 【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。关键词“Lunch Club、what can children do”，定位原文“Children can have a healthy lunch of rice, meat and vegetables”，明确孩子在午餐俱乐部可以吃健康的午餐；A选项看动画片、B选项打篮球均未提及，D选项写作业或阅读是课后俱乐部的活动，故答案为C。 3. How many hours can students stay at After-school Club? A. Half an hour. B. One hour. C. Two hours. D. Three hours. 【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。关键词“After-school Club、how many hours”，定位原文课后俱乐部的开放时间“from 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm”，计算时间差为2小时；A选项半小时、B选项1小时、D选项3小时均为计算错误，故答案为C。 4. What is the cost of the After-school Club? A. ¥3 a time. B. Free. C. ¥5 a time. D. ¥10 a time. 【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。关键词“After-school Club、cost”，定位原文“After-school Club *Cost: free”，明确课后俱乐部免费；A选项是午餐俱乐部的费用，C、D选项无原文依据，故答案为B。 5. What can students do in the reading room of the After-school Club? A. Have lunch. B. Play games. C. Do homework or read. D. Watch TV. 【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。关键词“reading room of the After-school Club”，定位原文“a reading room for homework or reading”，可知阅览室可用于写作业或阅读；A选项吃午餐是午餐俱乐部的活动，B、D选项未提及，故答案为C。 Passage 2 Nowadays, more and more people have mental problems due to overwork. How to deal with such problems? Here are some tips that you can follow: First, list something you need to do. Find out the most important or urgent thing on the list, then focus on it, and arrange your time scientifically to finish your task every day, which will ease your pressure. Second, enough sleep which maintains your body and mind in the best condition is necessary for you. It will be helpful for you to face challenges or pressure in your daily life.What's more, regular exercise can make you happy and remove your tiredness. Last but not the least, you should have a good attitude. Your attitude decides the way you see things. As a famous saying goes: "Attitude decides everything!" 6. Which tip is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Enough sleep. B. Regular exercise. C. Good attitude. D. Healthy diet. 【答案】D 解析：细节理解题（排除题）。题干要求选出未提及的建议，逐一比对选项与原文：原文提到的建议包括“合理安排任务、充足睡眠、规律运动、良好态度”，对应A、B、C选项；D选项“健康饮食”未在文中出现，故答案为D。 7. What can regular exercise help people do? A. Ease pressure. B. Keep body and mind in best condition. C. Become happy and remove tiredness. D. Arrange time scientifically. 【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。关键词“regular exercise、help people do”，定位原文“regular exercise can make you happy and remove your tiredness”，可知规律运动能让人开心并消除疲劳；A选项是合理安排任务的好处，B选项是充足睡眠的好处，D选项无依据，故答案为C。 8. What does the famous saying "Attitude decides everything!" tell us? A. Attitude is very important. B. Sleep is necessary. C. Exercise is helpful. D. Pressure is terrible. 【答案】A 解析：推理判断题。关键词“Attitude decides everything”，结合前文“you should have a good attitude. Your attitude decides the way you see things”，可推断这句话是想告诉我们态度非常重要；B、C、D选项均与谚语含义无关，故答案为A。 9. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell people to find jobs. B. To give tips on dealing with mental problems. C. To talk about sleep habits. D. To introduce exercise ways. 【答案】B 解析：主旨大意题。全文开篇提出“越来越多人因过度工作有心理问题”，随后给出4条应对建议，核心目的是提供处理心理问题的方法；A、C、D选项均为原文局部细节，并非主旨，故答案为B。 10. What should people do first to deal with mental problems? A. Take enough sleep. B. Do regular exercise. C. List tasks and focus on the most important one. D. Keep a good attitude. 【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。关键词“first to deal with mental problems”，定位原文“First, list something you need to do. Find out the most important or urgent thing on the list, then focus on it”，可知第一步是列出任务并专注于最重要的事；A、B、D选项是后续建议，故答案为C。 Passage 3 Lions are big and strong cat animals. They have bright eyes, sharp teeth, and a well muscled body. So they look beautiful. Lions can run fast. They are good at catching other animals. When baby lions are about two or three years old, they begin to live alone. A lion lives alone for most of its life. Now, many hunters hunt lions for their furs and meat. They serve their meat as food and make clothes and bags with their furs. We must stop selling and killing lions. It is wrong for people to kill lions. We can write the danger of extinction lions are facing. We should ask the government to take measures to protect the lions. If we do nothing, soon there will be no lions in the world! 11. What are lions good at? A. Swimming. B. Catching other animals. C. Flying. D. Climbing trees. 【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。关键词“lions are good at”，定位原文“Lions can run fast. They are good at catching other animals”，明确狮子擅长捕捉其他动物；A、C、D选项未提及，故答案为B。 12. How long do lions live alone? A. For a short time. B. For most of their lives. C. Only when they are young. D. Never. 【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。关键词“how long、live alone”，定位原文“A lion lives alone for most of its life”，可知狮子一生的大部分时间都独自生活；A、C、D选项与原文描述不符，故答案为B。 13. What do hunters do with lions' furs? A. Eat them. B. Sell them as food. C. Make clothes and bags. D. Throw them away. 【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。关键词“hunters、lions' furs”，定位原文“make clothes and bags with their furs”，可知猎人用狮子的皮毛做衣服和包；A、B选项是处理狮子肉的方式，D选项未提及，故答案为C。 14. What can we do to protect lions according to the passage? A. Hunt more lions. B. Sell lions' meat. C. Ask the government to take measures. D. Do nothing. 【答案】C 解析：细节理解题。关键词“do to protect lions”，定位原文“We should ask the government to take measures to protect the lions”，可知我们可以呼吁政府采取措施保护狮子；A、B选项是伤害狮子的行为，D选项与原文呼吁相反，故答案为C。 15. What will happen if we don't protect lions? A. Lions will become more. B. There will be no lions in the world. C. Hunters will stop hunting. D. Lions will live with people. 【答案】B 解析：细节理解题。关键词“if we don't protect lions”，定位原文“If we do nothing, soon there will be no lions in the world”，可知不保护狮子的话，世界上很快就没有狮子了；A、C、D选项与原文描述不符，故答案为B。 经典试题解析 （20205年真题阅读理解C篇） Now China has four great contributions to the world which are changing people's life all over the world. High-speed trains By the end of 2016, China had had the world's largest high-speed railway network with more than 8,000 mileage. Currently, China has been experimenting high speed train with the speed of more than 450 kilometers per hour. Mobile payment Mobile payment has not only been used in China but also throughout the world. Even though you don't carry your wallet, you can buy almost anything you want simply with your mobile phone. Automatic driverless cars Automatic driverless cars make a big difference to traffic. For example, some service platforms(平台)are first used in Shanghai and Beijing. The platforms use information to match passengers with cars and provide convenient transportation services. People only need 1o sot their destinations and time, then automatic driverless cars will pick them up on time. Online shopping Nowadays.people can g0 shopping with their clicks. It saves people's time. They can compare the same g0ods in different Stores in a very short time from website. China's online shopping improves people's shopping efficiency. 46. What is the speed of high speed train that China has been experimenting? A. More than 450 kilometers per hour B. More than 350 kilometers per hour. C. More than 250 kilometers per hour. D. More than 150 kilometers per hour. 【答案】A 【题型】细节理解题 【解题步骤】定位关键词the speed of high speed train that China has been experimenting。回到原文“High-speed trains”段落：Currently, China has been experimenting high speed train with the speed of more than 450 kilometers per hour.对比选项，A 选项 “More than 450 kilometers per hour” 与原文完全一致，确定答案为 A。 47. What is the best tool for mobile payment? A Mobile phone. B. Computer. C.Check D. Credit card. 【答案】A 【题型】细节理解题。 【解题步骤】定位关键词best tool for mobile payment。回到原文 “Mobile payment” 段落：Even though you don't carry your wallet, you can buy almost anything you want simply with your mobile phone.句中明确说明移动支付只需用 mobile phone（手机）即可完成，因此最佳工具是手机，对应选项 A。 48. Which of the following word.can best describe automatic driverless cars? A Expensive B.Convenient C. Time-consuming D.Complex 【答案】B 【题型】词义 / 细节推断题。 【解题步骤】定位关键词best describe automatic driverless cars.回到原文 “Automatic driverless cars” 段落：The platforms use information to match passengers with cars and provide convenient transportation services.文中直接用了 convenient（方便的）来形容这种服务，所以最能描述自动驾驶汽车的词是 Convenient，对应选项 B。 49. How does online shopping improve people's shopping efficiency according 1o the passage? A. By chatting with other customers. B. By receiving details from shop owners. C. By reading the instructions of products D. By comparing the same g0ods in different stores. 【答案】D 【题型】细节理解题 【解题步骤】定位关键词how does online shopping improve people's shopping efficiency 回到原文 “Online shopping” 段落：They can compare the same goods in different stores in a very short time from website. China's online shopping improves people's shopping efficiency.这句话的逻辑是：网购能让人们在短时间内对比不同店铺的同款商品，从而提升效率。因此，效率提升的方式是 “对比不同店铺的同款商品”，对应选项 D。 50. What's the best title of the passage? A. Taking Pride in Modern China B. Development in Modem China C. Four Great Contributions to the World D. Four Great Inventions in Ancient China 【答案】C 【题型】主旨大意题（标题类） 【解题步骤】定位文章主旨句（通常在开头）Now China has four great contributions to the world which are changing people's life all over the world.文章结构是总 — 分结构，开头点明 “中国对世界的四大新贡献”，然后分别介绍高铁、移动支付、自动驾驶和网购这四项内容。分析选项：A. Taking Pride in Modern China（为现代中国骄傲）—— 偏离主旨，文章重点是贡献而非情感。B. Development in Modern China（现代中国的发展）—— 范围太广，没有聚焦 “四大贡献”。C. Four Great Contributions to the World（对世界的四大贡献）—— 与主旨句完全吻合。D. Four Great Inventions in Ancient China（中国古代四大发明）—— 与文章内容完全无关。因此，最佳标题是选项 C。 专题归纳小结 （一）核心解题步骤 解题步骤 具体操作 适配题型 第一步：读题干，圈关键词 优先圈画人名、地名、数字、核心名词、疑问词（what、why、how），明确考查方向 所有题型 第二步：定位原文，找对应句 根据关键词快速定位原文段落，重点阅读对应句子及前后1-2句，节省时间 所有题型 第三步：比对选项，排干扰 严格匹配原文，排除干扰项 所有题型 补充：各题型干扰项排除重点 细节题：排除偷换概念、张冠李戴、扩大/缩小范围、无依据选项 细节理解题 推理题：排除过度推理、与原文矛盾的选项 推理判断题 主旨题：排除细节类、片面化的选项 主旨大意题 （二）备考建议 1.夯实基础：积累大纲核心词汇，熟悉简单复合句结构，避免因词汇、句式障碍影响理解。 2.专项突破：重点练习细节理解题（提分关键），针对性训练推理判断、主旨大意题的解题技巧，整理错题原因（如“定位错误”“过度推理”）。 3.限时训练：每天完成1-2篇阅读理解，严格控制时间（每篇5-7分钟），模拟考场节奏，提升解题速度。 4.总结规律：梳理历年真题的选材特点、命题规律，熟悉常考话题（校园、环保、人物、科技），积累相关话题词汇，提升解题熟练度。 （三）易错点复盘 题型 常见错误表现 复盘要点 细节题 时间、地点、人物错位，忽略限定词导致范围偏差 复盘时标注原文关键信息，对比选项差异，养成圈画习惯 推理题 脱离原文主观延伸，过度解读文本隐含意义 牢记“原文有依据”原则，排除无文本支撑的选项 主旨题 被段落细节迷惑，选择片面化选项 练习概括全文核心话题，区分“细节”与“主旨” 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $