Unit 9 Forces of Nature自然界的力量（话题阅读精练）英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级下册

Unit 9 Forces of Nature 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 160 本文介绍在自然灾害（如地震、洪水）中的基本防护步骤与安全准则，强调提前准备与保持冷静的重要性。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 150 本文说明气候变化如何导致更频繁、更严重的自然灾害，并简要提出个人与社会可采取的应对行动。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 249 介绍“海绵城市”的概念及其如何通过吸收、储存和利用雨水来缓解城市内涝问题。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 219 讲述缅甸地震的发生原因、造成的破坏以及国际社会（尤其是中国）的援助行动。 Passage3 语法填空 说明文 200 介绍自然灾害（如地震、台风、洪水）中的自我保护方法，并强调灾后听从指挥与互助重建的重要性。 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 237 讲述雷山志愿者在榕江洪水灾害中进行救援的故事，体现灾害中的人道主义精神与社区团结。 时文阅读 Passage1 When Nature Strikes: How to Stay Safe in a Natural Disaster 当自然来袭：如何在自然灾害中保持安全 Natural disasters can happen anywhere and at any time. Earthquakes, floods, storms, and wildfires are just a few examples of nature’s powerful forces. While we cannot stop these events, we can learn how to protect ourselves and others. 自然灾害可能在任何时间、任何地点发生。地震、洪水、风暴和野火只是大自然强大力量的几个例子。虽然我们无法阻止这些事件，但我们可以学习如何保护自己和他人。 The first step is to stay informed. Listen to weather reports and emergency warnings on the radio or your phone. Many countries have early warning systems for earthquakes, typhoons, and floods. If you hear a warning, take it seriously and act quickly. 第一步是保持信息畅通。通过广播或手机收听天气预报和紧急警报。许多国家都有地震、台风和洪水的早期预警系统。如果你听到警报，请认真对待并迅速行动。 Next, make a safety plan with your family. Decide where to meet if you get separated. Prepare an emergency kit with water, food, a flashlight, a first-aid kit, and important documents. Practice what to do during different types of disasters, like “drop, cover, and hold on” during an earthquake. 接下来，与家人一起制定安全计划。决定如果走散在哪里集合。准备一个应急包，里面装有水、食物、手电筒、急救包和重要文件。练习在不同灾害中该如何行动，比如地震时的“趴下、掩护、抓稳”。 During a disaster, stay calm. If you are indoors, stay away from windows and heavy furniture. If you are outside, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, and power lines. After the disaster, avoid damaged areas and listen to authorities for instructions. 灾害发生时保持冷静。如果在室内，远离窗户和重型家具。如果在室外，转移到远离树木、建筑物和电线的开阔区域。灾害后，避开受损区域，听从当局的指示。 Being prepared can save lives. Let’s respect nature’s power and learn to live safely with it. 做好准备可以挽救生命。让我们尊重大自然的力量，学会安全地与它共存。 【长难句分析】 1. 原文： While we cannot stop these events, we can learn how to protect ourselves and others. 翻译： 虽然我们无法阻止这些事件，但我们可以学习如何保护自己和他人。 分析： 本句包含一个让步状语从句 “While we cannot stop these events”，主句为 “we can learn…”，其中 “how to protect ourselves and others” 是宾语从句的简化形式。 2. 原文： If you hear a warning, take it seriously and act quickly. 翻译： 如果你听到警报，请认真对待并迅速行动。 分析： 本句为条件状语从句，主句为祈使句 “take it seriously and act quickly”，结构简洁有力，用于提出建议。 3. 原文： Being prepared can save lives. 翻译： 做好准备可以挽救生命。 分析： 动名词短语 “Being prepared” 作主语，谓语为 “can save”，表达一种普遍真理。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. disaster /dɪˈzæstər/ - n. 灾难 2. emergency /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi/ - n. 紧急情况 3. warning /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/ - n. 警告 4. separated /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/ - adj. 分开的 5. authorities /əˈθɔːrətiz/ - n. 当局，官方 6. respect /rɪˈspekt/ - v. 尊重 7. prepare /prɪˈper/ - v. 准备 8. calm /kɑːm/ - adj. 冷静的 9. damaged /ˈdæmɪdʒd/ - adj. 受损的 10. instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ - n. 指示 Passage2 Climate Change and Natural Disasters: What’s the Connection? 气候变化与自然灾害：有何关联？ In recent years, we have seen more frequent and severe natural disasters around the world. Scientists say that climate change is one of the main reasons behind this trend. 近年来，我们在世界各地看到了更频繁、更严重的自然灾害。科学家表示，气候变化是这一趋势背后的主要原因之一。 Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. Human activities, such as burning coal and oil, release greenhouse gases into the air. These gases trap heat and cause the Earth’s temperature to rise. This leads to melting ice, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. 气候变化指的是温度和天气模式的长期变化。人类活动，如燃烧煤炭和石油，向空气中排放温室气体。这些气体捕获热量，导致地球温度上升。这会导致冰融化、海平面上升和更极端的天气事件。 For example, higher temperatures can cause longer and stronger heatwaves. They can also make storms more powerful because warm air holds more moisture. In some areas, climate change brings heavier rainfall and floods, while in others, it leads to droughts and wildfires. 例如，更高的温度会导致更长久、更强烈的热浪。它们也可能使风暴更强大，因为温暖的空气含有更多水分。在一些地区，气候变化带来更强的降雨和洪水，而在另一些地区，则导致干旱和野火。 What can we do? We can reduce our carbon footprint by using less energy, recycling, and choosing public transportation. Governments and organizations are also working on clean energy projects like solar and wind power. 我们能做什么？我们可以通过节约能源、回收利用和选择公共交通来减少碳足迹。政府和组织也在推动太阳能和风能等清洁能源项目。 Understanding the link between climate change and natural disasters helps us take action to protect our planet and ourselves. 理解气候变化与自然灾害之间的联系，帮助我们采取行动保护地球和自己。 【长难句分析】 1. 原文： Scientists say that climate change is one of the main reasons behind this trend. 翻译： 科学家表示，气候变化是这一趋势背后的主要原因之一。 分析： 本句包含一个宾语从句 “that climate change is…”，作 “say” 的宾语，说明科学家的观点。 2. 原文： Human activities, such as burning coal and oil, release greenhouse gases into the air. 翻译： 人类活动，如燃烧煤炭和石油，向空气中排放温室气体。 分析： 主语为 “Human activities”，后接插入语 “such as…” 举例说明，谓语为 “release”，宾语为 “greenhouse gases”。 3. 原文： Understanding the link between climate change and natural disasters helps us take action to protect our planet and ourselves. 翻译： 理解气候变化与自然灾害之间的联系，帮助我们采取行动保护地球和自己。 分析： 动名词短语 “Understanding the link…” 作主语，谓语为 “helps”，后接宾语 “us” 和省略 “to” 的不定式 “take action”。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/ - adj. 频繁的 2. severe /sɪˈvɪr/ - adj. 严重的 3. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ - n. 气候 4. pattern /ˈpætərn/ - n. 模式 5. greenhouse gas /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɡæs/ - n. 温室气体 6. moisture /ˈmɔɪstʃər/ - n. 水分 7. drought /draʊt/ - n. 干旱 8. carbon footprint /ˈkɑːrbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ - n. 碳足迹 9. recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ - v. 回收利用 10. solar power /ˈsoʊlər ˈpaʊər/ - n. 太阳能 实战演练 Passage1 （2025·云南·中考模拟）Many cities around the world face increasing problems with flooding, especially during heavy rains. Traditional city designs often use large areas of concrete and roads, which prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground. This leads to runoff (径流) and floods. To address this, China is developing a new concept called “Sponge Cities”. A “Sponge City” is designed to absorb, store, filter, and reuse rainwater, much like a sponge. This involves several strategies. For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below. Green roofs and walls are created on buildings, which can absorb rainwater and cool down the city. Parks and wetlands are also important parts of sponge cities, as they can temporarily hold large amounts of water and gradually release it. The benefits of Sponge Cities are numerous. Firstly, they effectively reduce urban flooding by managing rainwater locally. Secondly, they improve water quality by filtering pollutants (污染物) as water soaks into the ground. Thirdly, they help to replenish (补充) underground water sources, which is important for long-term water supply. Fourthly, by increasing green spaces, they help to cool down cities, making them more comfortable and beautiful. While building Sponge Cities requires significant investment and careful planning, the long-term environmental and economic benefits are huge. It’s a sustainable approach to urban development, offering a greener and safer future for city dwellers. China aims to transform 80% of its cities into “Sponge Cities” by 2030, showing a strong commitment to this innovative solution. 1．What is the main problem that “Sponge Cities” aim to solve? A．Lack of green spaces in cities. B．Air pollution in urban areas. C．Urban flooding during heavy rains. D．High cost of building new roads. 2．Which of the following is NOT a strategy used in “Sponge Cities”? A．Building permeable roads. B．Creating green roofs and walls. C．Using traditional concrete roads everywhere. D．Developing more parks and wetlands. 3．What does the underlined word “permeable” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．Allowing water to pass through. B．Very strong and durable. C．Made of concrete. D．Not affected by heat. 4．Which of the following is a benefit of “Sponge Cities”? A．They increase urban air pollution. B．They reduce underground water sources. C．They make cities hotter. D．They improve water quality. 5．What can we infer about China’s attitude towards “Sponge Cities”? A．China is not very serious about this concept. B．China sees it as a temporary solution. C．China is highly committed to developing them. D．China believes it’s too expensive to build them. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍“海绵城市”的概念及其解决城市内涝问题的原理。 1．细节理解题。根据“This leads to runoff (径流) and floods. To address this, China is developing a new concept called...”可知，海绵城市旨在解决暴雨引发的城市内涝，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This involves several strategies. For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below. Green roofs and walls are created on buildings, which can absorb rainwater and cool down the city. Parks and wetlands are also important parts of sponge cities, as they can temporarily hold large amounts of water and gradually release it.”可知，海绵城市策略包括透水路、绿色屋顶和墙壁、公园湿地。C项不属于海绵城市策略，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below”可知，修建可渗透的道路和人行道，让水通过它们进入下面的土壤，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The benefits of Sponge Cities are numerous. Firstly, they effectively reduce urban flooding by managing rainwater locally. Secondly, they improve water quality by filtering pollutants (污染物) as water soaks into the ground. Thirdly, they help to replenish (补充) underground water sources, which is important for long-term water supply. Fourthly, by increasing green spaces, they help to cool down cities, making them more comfortable and beautiful.”可知，海绵城市的四大益处：缓解内涝、改善水质、补充地下水、降温。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“China aims to transform 80% of its cities into ‘Sponge Cities’ by 2030, showing a strong commitment to this innovative solution.”可知，表明中国对海绵城市建设的高度承诺。故选C。 Passage2 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛·期中）A strong earthquake took place in Myanmar (缅甸) on March 28th, with a magnitude (震级) of 7.9. It is the strongest earthquake in that area. How did the earthquake happen? There are about 20 active plates on Earth and they are always moving. When two plates move past each other, there is an earthquake. It can happen from near the earth’s surface (地表) to about 700 kilometers deep. The closer to the surface, the stronger the quake is. During the quake in Myanmar, the depth was about only 18 kilometers. That’s why it caused so many buildings to fall down. The next day, this event was the headline of all newspapers. With the reporters giving the news, the whole world was shocked. Many countries not only showed their pity, but also organized together and offered help right away. China sent two teams to Myanmar and provided tents, medicine, food and drinking water — things that are badly needed in quake-hit areas. They became the first international teams to reach the area, and would offer further help depending on Myanmar’s needs. Medical teams from Philippine and Thailand also arrived a few hours later. People from all around the world hoped survivors (幸存者) could stay hopeful and care for each other. Thanks to the help from different places, people there could live a better life and the loss was not so big. 1．Earthquake happens because of ________. A．Closer earth surface B．Plate movement C．High magnitude D．Depth to the surface 2．Why did the earthquake in Myanmar cause so many buildings to fall down? A．There were many plates on Earth. B．The plates moved too fast. C．The earthquake was 700 kilometers deep. D．The earthquake was too close to the surface. 3．What does “things that are badly needed in quake-hit areas” mean? A．We could give away money to the teams. B．Survivors in quake-hit areas didn’t like these things. C．The team could buy these things in quake-hit areas. D．People could give away these things to quake-hit areas. 4．What does Para.3 mainly talk about? A．The world was shocked by the earthquake. B．China was the first country to help Myanmar. C．Survivors should stay hopeful and care for each other. D．Many countries offered to help Myanmar in the earthquake. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The loss of this earthquake is at small. B．People can not fight against earthquakes. C．The earthquake in Myanmar and what people did. D．Big events always become headlines of newspapers. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了地震发生的原因、缅甸地震造成严重破坏的原因以及各国对缅甸地震灾区提供帮助的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“How did the earthquake happen? There are about 20 active plates on Earth and they are always moving. When two plates move past each other, there is an earthquake.”可知，地震是由于板块运动引起的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。 根据“During the quake in Myanmar, the depth was about only 18 kilometers. That’s why it caused so many buildings to fall down.”可知，缅甸地震导致许多建筑物倒塌是因为地震离地表太近了。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“China sent two teams to Myanmar and provided tents, medicine, food and drinking water — things that are badly needed in quake-hit areas.”可知，人们可以把这些东西捐赠给地震灾区。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“The next day, this event was the headline of all newspapers. With the reporters giving the news, the whole world was shocked. Many countries not only showed their pity, but also organized together and offered help right away.”可知在地震中，许多国家主动提出帮助缅甸。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了缅甸发生的地震以及地震发生后各国和人们所采取的行动。故选C。 Passage3 （25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）Natural disasters are terrible events caused by nature. They include earthquakes, typhoons, floods, snowstorms and so on. Every year, natural disasters 1 (happen) in many parts of the world, bringing great damage and even 2 (lose) of lives. It’s important for us to know how 3 (protect) ourselves when natural disasters strike. When an earthquake happens, if you are indoors, you should stay away from windows and heavy furniture. You’d better 4 (hide) under a strong table or desk until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stand near buildings, trees or power lines. When a typhoon comes, you must stay indoors and close all the windows and doors tightly. Don’t go out 5 (unless) it’s absolutely necessary. The strong winds may 6 (blow) down trees and signs, which are very dangerous. Floods are often caused by heavy rain. If you are in a flooded area, try to move to higher ground as soon as possible. Don’t walk through deep water, because you 7 (not know) what’s under the water. It’s also dangerous to drive through flooded roads. After a natural disaster, we should stay calm and 8 (follow) the instructions of the government and rescue workers. We should help each other and 9 (rebuild) our homes together. In addition, we should pay attention to the weather forecast and early warnings. By 10 (prepare) well in advance, we can reduce the damage caused by natural disasters. Remember, safety is always the first priority when facing natural disasters. 【答案】 1．happen 2．loss 3．to protect 4．hide 5．unless 6．blow 7．don’t know 8．follow 9．rebuild 10．preparing 【导语】本文主要介绍了地震、台风、洪水等自然灾害，重点阐述了面对不同灾害时的具体自救方法，并强调了提前准备、听从指挥以及灾后互助重建的重要性。 1．句意：每年，世界各地都会发生各种自然灾害，造成巨大的破坏，甚至导致人员伤亡。happen“发生”，动词，又结合时间状语“Every year”及语境可知，该句时态为一般现在时，且主语disasters为第三人称复数形式，应用happen的动词原形作谓语。故填happen。 2．句意：每年，世界各地都会发生各种自然灾害，造成巨大的破坏，甚至导致人员伤亡。lose“丢失”，动词，又根据“…of lives”可知，此处应指“人员伤亡”，应用其对应的名词形式loss与之搭配，表示“……的损失”。故填loss。 3．句意：对于我们来说，了解在自然灾害来袭时如何保护自己是非常重要的。protect“保护”，动词，又根据“know how…ourselves”可知，此处应指“怎么样去保护自己”，应用其不定式形式to protect与之搭配，“how to do sth.”表示“应该怎么去做”。故填to protect。 4．句意：你最好躲在坚固的桌子或书桌下面，直到震动停止。hide“躲藏，隐藏”，动词，且该句考查“had better do sth.”，意为“最好做某事”，为动词短语，应用其动词原形与之搭配。故填hide。 5．句意：除非绝对必要，否则不要外出。unless“除非”，又根据“Don’t go out”及“it’s absolutely necessary”可知，此处指如果(外出)不是绝对必要，就不要出去，指出了“可以外出的唯一条件”，应用unless引条件状语从句。故填unless。 6．句意：强风可能会吹倒树木和标识牌，这非常危险。blow“吹”，动词，且情态动词may后应接动词原形。故填blow。 7．句意：不要走进深水区，因为你无法确定水下有什么。not know“知道”的否定形式，再结合语境可知，该句时态为一般现在时，则原因状语从句的时态也应一致又，从句中主语you为第二人称，助动词应用don’t构成否定形式，后接动词know的原形。故填don’t know。 8．句意：在自然灾害发生后，我们应当保持冷静，并遵循政府和救援人员的指示。follow“跟随”，动词，该句中and连接的两个并列的成分，则should后也应用follow的动词原形与stay并列作谓语动词。故填follow。 9．句意：我们应当互相帮助，共同重建家园。rebuild“重建”，动词，该句中and连接的两个并列的成分，则should后也rebuild的动词原形与help并列作谓语动词。故填rebuild。 10．句意：通过提前做好充分准备，我们能够减少自然灾害造成的损失。prepare“准备”，动词，且介词by后应接其对应的动名词形式。故填preparing。 Passage4 （24-25八年级下·贵州雷山·期末）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的三个选项（A、B、C）中，选出最佳选项。 1 , a heavy rain hit Rongjiang, and soon a big flood happened. People in Leishan County heard the news and 2 decided to volunteer. For the past five days, their volunteers had been working there to do rescue (救援) work and bring hope. The flood was terrible. Roads were 3 and many houses fell down. Leishan volunteers brought boats, food and medicine. They 4 a team quickly and started working. Over these days, they had saved hundreds of people from 5 . First, they needed to move people to 6 places. Then, the volunteers had to 7 some difficulties. “ The water was still rising— we must act fast,” said Li Hua, a 20-year-old volunteer. Aunt Wang, a cook from Leishan, had been making meals for the homeless (无家可归的人) since the flood came. “Cooking here was 8 from cooking at home. We needed to make food for 200 people every day!” she said. She always 9 the team’s plans: getting clean water, keeping food safe and cheering people up. When kids felt scared, she told them stories to make them relax. However, even if the volunteers had finished most jobs, they wouldn’t stop. They wanted to stay until life returned to normal. After two weeks, the flood slowly went down. The sun came out, and people began to rebuild (重建) their homes. The volunteers smiled—this rescue had made people from Rongjiang and Leishan 10 than before. 1．A．Recently B．Usually C．Finally 2．A．slowly B．clearly C．quickly 3．A．covered B．broken C．cleaned 4．A．made B．left C．found 5．A．order B．silence C．danger 6．A．new B．high C．safe 7．A．hide B．face C．refuse 8．A．far B．different C．same 9．A．invented B．changed C．followed 10．A．closer B．farther C．quieter 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文讲述榕江遇洪水，雷山志愿者救援，增进两地情谊。 1．句意：最近，一场暴雨袭击了榕江，很快一场大洪水爆发了。 Recently最近；Usually通常地；Finally最后。根据语境“a heavy rain hit Rongjiang, and soon a big flood happened.”，这里描述的是最近发生的事情，recently表示“最近”。故选A。 2．句意：雷山县的人们听闻此消息，迅速决定去做志愿者。 slowly缓慢地；clearly清楚地；quickly快速地。人们听到消息后，应该是很快决定去做志愿者，体现他们的积极性，quickly 表示“快速地”。故选C。 3．句意：道路被淹没，许多房屋倒塌了。 covered覆盖；broken损坏的；cleaned干净的。洪水很可怕，道路应该是被水覆盖了，covered有“覆盖”的意思。故选A。 4．句意：他们迅速组建了一支队伍，开始工作。 made制造；left离开；found发现。这里说他们很快组成了一个团队，make a team表示“组成一个团队”。故选A。 5．句意：在这些日子里，他们已从危险中救出了数百人。 order顺序；silence沉默；danger危险。他们从危险中救出了数百人，from danger表示“从危险中”。故选C。 6．句意：首先，他们需要把人们转移到安全的地方。 new新的；high高的；safe安全的。首先他们需要把人们转移到安全的地方，safe表示“安全的”。故选C。 7．句意：接着，志愿者们不得不面对一些困难。 hide隐藏；face面对；refuse拒绝。然后志愿者们不得不面对一些困难，face表示“面对”，困难是需要面对的，不是隐藏或拒绝。故选B。 8．句意：她说：“在这里做饭和在家做饭不一样。我们每天需要为200人准备食物！” far遥远地；different不同的；same同样的。这里说在这里做饭和在家做饭不同，be different from表示“与……不同”。故选B。 9．句意：她一直遵循团队的计划：获取干净的水、保障食物安全以及让人们振作起来。 invented发明；changed改变；followed跟着。她总是遵循团队的计划，follow表示“遵循；跟随”，根据上下文时态用一般过去时followed。故选C。 10．句意：志愿者们笑了——这次救援让榕江和雷山的人们比以往更加亲近了。 closer更近的；farther较远地；quieter更安静的。这次救援让榕江和雷山的人们比以前更亲近了，than提示用比较级，close 的比较级是closer。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 9 Forces of Nature 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 160 本文介绍在自然灾害（如地震、洪水）中的基本防护步骤与安全准则，强调提前准备与保持冷静的重要性。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 150 本文说明气候变化如何导致更频繁、更严重的自然灾害，并简要提出个人与社会可采取的应对行动。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 249 介绍“海绵城市”的概念及其如何通过吸收、储存和利用雨水来缓解城市内涝问题。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 219 讲述缅甸地震的发生原因、造成的破坏以及国际社会（尤其是中国）的援助行动。 Passage3 语法填空 说明文 200 介绍自然灾害（如地震、台风、洪水）中的自我保护方法，并强调灾后听从指挥与互助重建的重要性。 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 237 讲述雷山志愿者在榕江洪水灾害中进行救援的故事，体现灾害中的人道主义精神与社区团结。 时文阅读 Passage1 When Nature Strikes: How to Stay Safe in a Natural Disaster 当自然来袭：如何在自然灾害中保持安全 Natural disasters can happen anywhere and at any time. Earthquakes, floods, storms, and wildfires are just a few examples of nature’s powerful forces. While we cannot stop these events, we can learn how to protect ourselves and others. 自然灾害可能在任何时间、任何地点发生。地震、洪水、风暴和野火只是大自然强大力量的几个例子。虽然我们无法阻止这些事件，但我们可以学习如何保护自己和他人。 The first step is to stay informed. Listen to weather reports and emergency warnings on the radio or your phone. Many countries have early warning systems for earthquakes, typhoons, and floods. If you hear a warning, take it seriously and act quickly. 第一步是保持信息畅通。通过广播或手机收听天气预报和紧急警报。许多国家都有地震、台风和洪水的早期预警系统。如果你听到警报，请认真对待并迅速行动。 Next, make a safety plan with your family. Decide where to meet if you get separated. Prepare an emergency kit with water, food, a flashlight, a first-aid kit, and important documents. Practice what to do during different types of disasters, like “drop, cover, and hold on” during an earthquake. 接下来，与家人一起制定安全计划。决定如果走散在哪里集合。准备一个应急包，里面装有水、食物、手电筒、急救包和重要文件。练习在不同灾害中该如何行动，比如地震时的“趴下、掩护、抓稳”。 During a disaster, stay calm. If you are indoors, stay away from windows and heavy furniture. If you are outside, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, and power lines. After the disaster, avoid damaged areas and listen to authorities for instructions. 灾害发生时保持冷静。如果在室内，远离窗户和重型家具。如果在室外，转移到远离树木、建筑物和电线的开阔区域。灾害后，避开受损区域，听从当局的指示。 Being prepared can save lives. Let’s respect nature’s power and learn to live safely with it. 做好准备可以挽救生命。让我们尊重大自然的力量，学会安全地与它共存。 【长难句分析】 1. 原文： While we cannot stop these events, we can learn how to protect ourselves and others. 翻译： 虽然我们无法阻止这些事件，但我们可以学习如何保护自己和他人。 分析： 本句包含一个让步状语从句 “While we cannot stop these events”，主句为 “we can learn…”，其中 “how to protect ourselves and others” 是宾语从句的简化形式。 2. 原文： If you hear a warning, take it seriously and act quickly. 翻译： 如果你听到警报，请认真对待并迅速行动。 分析： 本句为条件状语从句，主句为祈使句 “take it seriously and act quickly”，结构简洁有力，用于提出建议。 3. 原文： Being prepared can save lives. 翻译： 做好准备可以挽救生命。 分析： 动名词短语 “Being prepared” 作主语，谓语为 “can save”，表达一种普遍真理。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. disaster /dɪˈzæstər/ - n. 灾难 2. emergency /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi/ - n. 紧急情况 3. warning /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/ - n. 警告 4. separated /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/ - adj. 分开的 5. authorities /əˈθɔːrətiz/ - n. 当局，官方 6. respect /rɪˈspekt/ - v. 尊重 7. prepare /prɪˈper/ - v. 准备 8. calm /kɑːm/ - adj. 冷静的 9. damaged /ˈdæmɪdʒd/ - adj. 受损的 10. instruction /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ - n. 指示 Passage2 Climate Change and Natural Disasters: What’s the Connection? 气候变化与自然灾害：有何关联？ In recent years, we have seen more frequent and severe natural disasters around the world. Scientists say that climate change is one of the main reasons behind this trend. 近年来，我们在世界各地看到了更频繁、更严重的自然灾害。科学家表示，气候变化是这一趋势背后的主要原因之一。 Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. Human activities, such as burning coal and oil, release greenhouse gases into the air. These gases trap heat and cause the Earth’s temperature to rise. This leads to melting ice, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. 气候变化指的是温度和天气模式的长期变化。人类活动，如燃烧煤炭和石油，向空气中排放温室气体。这些气体捕获热量，导致地球温度上升。这会导致冰融化、海平面上升和更极端的天气事件。 For example, higher temperatures can cause longer and stronger heatwaves. They can also make storms more powerful because warm air holds more moisture. In some areas, climate change brings heavier rainfall and floods, while in others, it leads to droughts and wildfires. 例如，更高的温度会导致更长久、更强烈的热浪。它们也可能使风暴更强大，因为温暖的空气含有更多水分。在一些地区，气候变化带来更强的降雨和洪水，而在另一些地区，则导致干旱和野火。 What can we do? We can reduce our carbon footprint by using less energy, recycling, and choosing public transportation. Governments and organizations are also working on clean energy projects like solar and wind power. 我们能做什么？我们可以通过节约能源、回收利用和选择公共交通来减少碳足迹。政府和组织也在推动太阳能和风能等清洁能源项目。 Understanding the link between climate change and natural disasters helps us take action to protect our planet and ourselves. 理解气候变化与自然灾害之间的联系，帮助我们采取行动保护地球和自己。 【长难句分析】 1. 原文： Scientists say that climate change is one of the main reasons behind this trend. 翻译： 科学家表示，气候变化是这一趋势背后的主要原因之一。 分析： 本句包含一个宾语从句 “that climate change is…”，作 “say” 的宾语，说明科学家的观点。 2. 原文： Human activities, such as burning coal and oil, release greenhouse gases into the air. 翻译： 人类活动，如燃烧煤炭和石油，向空气中排放温室气体。 分析： 主语为 “Human activities”，后接插入语 “such as…” 举例说明，谓语为 “release”，宾语为 “greenhouse gases”。 3. 原文： Understanding the link between climate change and natural disasters helps us take action to protect our planet and ourselves. 翻译： 理解气候变化与自然灾害之间的联系，帮助我们采取行动保护地球和自己。 分析： 动名词短语 “Understanding the link…” 作主语，谓语为 “helps”，后接宾语 “us” 和省略 “to” 的不定式 “take action”。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/ - adj. 频繁的 2. severe /sɪˈvɪr/ - adj. 严重的 3. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ - n. 气候 4. pattern /ˈpætərn/ - n. 模式 5. greenhouse gas /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɡæs/ - n. 温室气体 6. moisture /ˈmɔɪstʃər/ - n. 水分 7. drought /draʊt/ - n. 干旱 8. carbon footprint /ˈkɑːrbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ - n. 碳足迹 9. recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ - v. 回收利用 10. solar power /ˈsoʊlər ˈpaʊər/ - n. 太阳能 实战演练 Passage1 （2025·云南·中考模拟）Many cities around the world face increasing problems with flooding, especially during heavy rains. Traditional city designs often use large areas of concrete and roads, which prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground. This leads to runoff (径流) and floods. To address this, China is developing a new concept called “Sponge Cities”. A “Sponge City” is designed to absorb, store, filter, and reuse rainwater, much like a sponge. This involves several strategies. For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below. Green roofs and walls are created on buildings, which can absorb rainwater and cool down the city. Parks and wetlands are also important parts of sponge cities, as they can temporarily hold large amounts of water and gradually release it. The benefits of Sponge Cities are numerous. Firstly, they effectively reduce urban flooding by managing rainwater locally. Secondly, they improve water quality by filtering pollutants (污染物) as water soaks into the ground. Thirdly, they help to replenish (补充) underground water sources, which is important for long-term water supply. Fourthly, by increasing green spaces, they help to cool down cities, making them more comfortable and beautiful. While building Sponge Cities requires significant investment and careful planning, the long-term environmental and economic benefits are huge. It’s a sustainable approach to urban development, offering a greener and safer future for city dwellers. China aims to transform 80% of its cities into “Sponge Cities” by 2030, showing a strong commitment to this innovative solution. 1．What is the main problem that “Sponge Cities” aim to solve? A．Lack of green spaces in cities. B．Air pollution in urban areas. C．Urban flooding during heavy rains. D．High cost of building new roads. 2．Which of the following is NOT a strategy used in “Sponge Cities”? A．Building permeable roads. B．Creating green roofs and walls. C．Using traditional concrete roads everywhere. D．Developing more parks and wetlands. 3．What does the underlined word “permeable” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．Allowing water to pass through. B．Very strong and durable. C．Made of concrete. D．Not affected by heat. 4．Which of the following is a benefit of “Sponge Cities”? A．They increase urban air pollution. B．They reduce underground water sources. C．They make cities hotter. D．They improve water quality. 5．What can we infer about China’s attitude towards “Sponge Cities”? A．China is not very serious about this concept. B．China sees it as a temporary solution. C．China is highly committed to developing them. D．China believes it’s too expensive to build them. Passage2 （24-25八年级下·山东青岛·期中）A strong earthquake took place in Myanmar (缅甸) on March 28th, with a magnitude (震级) of 7.9. It is the strongest earthquake in that area. How did the earthquake happen? There are about 20 active plates on Earth and they are always moving. When two plates move past each other, there is an earthquake. It can happen from near the earth’s surface (地表) to about 700 kilometers deep. The closer to the surface, the stronger the quake is. During the quake in Myanmar, the depth was about only 18 kilometers. That’s why it caused so many buildings to fall down. The next day, this event was the headline of all newspapers. With the reporters giving the news, the whole world was shocked. Many countries not only showed their pity, but also organized together and offered help right away. China sent two teams to Myanmar and provided tents, medicine, food and drinking water — things that are badly needed in quake-hit areas. They became the first international teams to reach the area, and would offer further help depending on Myanmar’s needs. Medical teams from Philippine and Thailand also arrived a few hours later. People from all around the world hoped survivors (幸存者) could stay hopeful and care for each other. Thanks to the help from different places, people there could live a better life and the loss was not so big. 1．Earthquake happens because of ________. A．Closer earth surface B．Plate movement C．High magnitude D．Depth to the surface 2．Why did the earthquake in Myanmar cause so many buildings to fall down? A．There were many plates on Earth. B．The plates moved too fast. C．The earthquake was 700 kilometers deep. D．The earthquake was too close to the surface. 3．What does “things that are badly needed in quake-hit areas” mean? A．We could give away money to the teams. B．Survivors in quake-hit areas didn’t like these things. C．The team could buy these things in quake-hit areas. D．People could give away these things to quake-hit areas. 4．What does Para.3 mainly talk about? A．The world was shocked by the earthquake. B．China was the first country to help Myanmar. C．Survivors should stay hopeful and care for each other. D．Many countries offered to help Myanmar in the earthquake. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The loss of this earthquake is at small. B．People can not fight against earthquakes. C．The earthquake in Myanmar and what people did. D．Big events always become headlines of newspapers. Passage3 （25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）Natural disasters are terrible events caused by nature. They include earthquakes, typhoons, floods, snowstorms and so on. Every year, natural disasters 1 (happen) in many parts of the world, bringing great damage and even 2 (lose) of lives. It’s important for us to know how 3 (protect) ourselves when natural disasters strike. When an earthquake happens, if you are indoors, you should stay away from windows and heavy furniture. You’d better 4 (hide) under a strong table or desk until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don’t stand near buildings, trees or power lines. When a typhoon comes, you must stay indoors and close all the windows and doors tightly. Don’t go out 5 (unless) it’s absolutely necessary. The strong winds may 6 (blow) down trees and signs, which are very dangerous. Floods are often caused by heavy rain. If you are in a flooded area, try to move to higher ground as soon as possible. Don’t walk through deep water, because you 7 (not know) what’s under the water. It’s also dangerous to drive through flooded roads. After a natural disaster, we should stay calm and 8 (follow) the instructions of the government and rescue workers. We should help each other and 9 (rebuild) our homes together. In addition, we should pay attention to the weather forecast and early warnings. By 10 (prepare) well in advance, we can reduce the damage caused by natural disasters. Remember, safety is always the first priority when facing natural disasters. Passage4 （24-25八年级下·贵州雷山·期末）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的三个选项（A、B、C）中，选出最佳选项。 1 , a heavy rain hit Rongjiang, and soon a big flood happened. People in Leishan County heard the news and 2 decided to volunteer. For the past five days, their volunteers had been working there to do rescue (救援) work and bring hope. The flood was terrible. Roads were 3 and many houses fell down. Leishan volunteers brought boats, food and medicine. They 4 a team quickly and started working. Over these days, they had saved hundreds of people from 5 . First, they needed to move people to 6 places. Then, the volunteers had to 7 some difficulties. “ The water was still rising— we must act fast,” said Li Hua, a 20-year-old volunteer. Aunt Wang, a cook from Leishan, had been making meals for the homeless (无家可归的人) since the flood came. “Cooking here was 8 from cooking at home. We needed to make food for 200 people every day!” she said. She always 9 the team’s plans: getting clean water, keeping food safe and cheering people up. When kids felt scared, she told them stories to make them relax. However, even if the volunteers had finished most jobs, they wouldn’t stop. They wanted to stay until life returned to normal. After two weeks, the flood slowly went down. The sun came out, and people began to rebuild (重建) their homes. The volunteers smiled—this rescue had made people from Rongjiang and Leishan 10 than before. 1．A．Recently B．Usually C．Finally 2．A．slowly B．clearly C．quickly 3．A．covered B．broken C．cleaned 4．A．made B．left C．found 5．A．order B．silence C．danger 6．A．new B．high C．safe 7．A．hide B．face C．refuse 8．A．far B．different C．same 9．A．invented B．changed C．followed 10．A．closer B．farther C．quieter 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $