寒假预习Unit 4讲义 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

八年级下册学习1 学生 Lily 日期 2026.2.3 时间 10-12 课题 八年级下册U4学习（沪教新版） 课前小练习。 ―、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） Tim Berners Lee is not the most famous inventor in the world. But __1__ invention has changed our lives. Tim __2__ in London, England __3__ June 8, 1955. When he was a child, he enjoyed playing with electrical things. Later, he studied science at Oxford University. He made his __4__ computer from an old television at the age of 21. Tim started working on early computers. At that time, they were much __5__than now. Tim was really __6__ in two things, computers and how the brain works. How could the brain __7__ so many facts so quickly? He had to work with people all over the world. And they shared __8__ information about computers. It was hard to manage all the information. He answered __9__ same questions again and again. It was even difficult for computers in the same office __10__ information. There was Internet already but it was difficult to use. In 1989, Tim __11__ the World Wide Web (WWW) all by himself. This had a special language that helped computers talk to each other on the Internet. Tim doesn’t think he did __12__ special. He says that all of the ideas about the Internet were already there. All he did was to put them together. He says that many __13__ people worked together to make the Internet what it is today. Most inventors want to become rich. __14__, Tim gave away the World Wide Web for nothing. He helps people share technology and wants the Internet to be free for everyone to use. Maybe he is __15__ but least famous inventor in the world today! （ ）1. A. he B. him C. his D. himself （ ）2. A. bear B. born C. is born D. was born （ ）3. A. at B. on C. in D. of （ ）4. A. one B. once C. first D. the first （ ）5. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest （ ）6. A. interest B. interests C. interested D. interesting （ ）7. A. connect B. connects C. connected D. connecting （ ）8. A. no B. some C. little D. many （ ）9. A. / B. a C. an D. the （ ）10. A. share B. shared C. sharing D. to share （ ）11. A. invents B. invented C. inventor D. invention （ ）12. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything （ ）13. A. other B. the other C. others D. another （ ）14. A. But B. However C. And D. Though （ ）15. A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important 错题反思 八年级下册U4单词默写 Unit 4 单词 词性 音标 中文释义 默写 master n. /ˈmɑ:stə(r)/ 1. 著名画家；绘画大师 masterpiece n. /ˈmɑ:stəpi:s/ 2. 代表作；杰作 whenever conj. /wenˈevə(r)/ 3. 每当；每次 alone adv. /əˈləʊn/ 4. 独自 copy v. /ˈkɒpi/ 5. 仿造；临摹 copy n. /ˈkɒpi/ 6. 复印件；复制品 damage v. /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ 7. 损坏；毁坏（标 *） separate adj. /ˈsepərət/ 8. 不同的；不相关的 exhibition n. /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ 9. 展览；展出 lifestyle n. /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ 10. 生活方式 detail n. /ˈdi:teɪl/ 11. 细部；局部 require v. /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ 12. 需要 daughter n. /ˈdɔ:tə(r)/ 13. 女儿 priceless adj. /ˈpraɪsləs/ 14. 无价的 sculpture n. /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ 15. 雕像 unfortunately adv. /ʌnˈfɔ:tʃənətli/ 16. 不幸地；遗憾地 graduate v. /ˈgrædʒueɪt/ 17. 毕业 limit v. /ˈlɪmɪt/ 18. 限量；减量 temperature n. /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/ 19. 温度 preserve v. /prɪˈzɜ:v/ 20. 维持…… 的原状；保存 一、首字母填空。 1. This painting is a famous ________ of the great artist. (m 开头) 2. W________ I listen to this song, I think of my art teacher. 3. He likes to stay ________ and read books in the library on weekends. 4. The boy learned to ________ the famous painting in his art class. 5. There will be an art ________ in the city museum next week. 6. Every ________ in the painting is painted very carefully by the master. 7. This old vase is ________ and we should keep it well. 8. U________, he missed the chance to see the famous sculpture. 9. She will ________ from high school next year and go to college. 10. We need to ________ the old building well because it’s very important. 11. This job ________ a lot of time and patience, so we must be careful. 12. We should ________ the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 13. The ________ in the room is too high, so we need to turn on the air conditioner. 14. The museum has a beautiful stone ________ in its hall. 15. The two problems are ________, so we need to solve them one by one. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. This is a famous ________ (master) work and it’s very valuable. 2. He ________ (copy) the painting carefully and finished it in three hours. 3. The old bridge was ________ (damage) in the storm last night. 4. There will be a painting ________ (exhibit) in our school next month. 5. We should pay attention to every small ________ (detail) when we do the work. 6. This job ________ (require) us to work hard and cooperate with each other. 7. The ________ (price) cultural relics should be well protected. 8. ________ (fortune), he didn’t pass the art exam because of his carelessness. 9. My sister ________ (graduate) from university last year and became a teacher. 10. We must ________ (limit) the time we spend on playing computer games. 11. The ________ (temper) is dropping quickly, so we need to wear warm clothes. 12. The workers are trying their best to ________ (preserve) the old city wall. 13. She has a healthy ________ (life) and she exercises every morning. 14. The two ________ (separate) parts of the machine need to be connected together. 15. This stone ________ (sculpt) is made by a famous artist from France. 三、完成句子。 1. 这幅画是这位绘画大师的经典代表作。 This painting is a classic ________ of the great ________. 2. 每当我看到这幅画，我就会想起我的童年。 ________ I see this painting, I will think of my childhood. 3. 他独自一个人完成了这幅难度很高的临摹作品。 He finished this difficult copied work all ________ ________. 4. 这个城市博物馆下周将举办一场珍贵雕像的展览。 The city museum will hold an ________ of priceless ________ next week. 5. 做这项工作需要我们注意每一个细节。 Doing this work ________ us to pay attention to every ________. 6. 不幸的是，这幅古画在火灾中被损坏了。 ________, this ancient painting was ________ in the fire. 7. 她从艺术学院毕业后，成为了一名专业的画家。 After she ________ from the art college, she became a professional painter. 8. 为了保护文物，我们需要限量参观的人数。 To protect cultural relics, we need to ________ the number of visitors. 9. 我们必须把温度控制在合适的范围来保存这幅油画。 We must control the ________ in a proper range to ________ this oil painting. 10. 这两个问题是不相关的，我们应该分开解决。 These two problems are ________, so we should solve them ________. 八年级下册U4词组默写 短语 中文释义 默写 in one sitting 1. 一口气的工夫 in the mood 2. 有心情 pass along 3. 向前行；沿…… 而过 be at one with... 4. 完全一致；是…… 的一部分 next to 5. 紧邻；在…… 近旁 at last 6. 最后；终于 all walks of life 7. 各行各业；各界人士 all the time 8. 一直；始终 make up one's mind 9. 下定决心 完成句子。 1. He finished reading the thick book ________ ________ ________ (一口气的工夫). 2. I’m not ________ ________ (有心情) to go shopping with you today. 3. We watched the beautiful scenery as we ________ ________ (沿…… 而过) the river. 4. When you walk in the forest, you will ________ ________ ________ (是…… 的一部分) nature. 5. Our classroom is ________ ________ (紧邻) the teachers’ office on the second floor. 6. After hard work for half a year, we ________ ________ (终于) won the competition. 7. This art exhibition is popular with people from ________ ________ ________ ________ (各行各业). 8. The little boy kept talking ________ ________ ________ (一直) during the trip. 9. She ________ ________ ________ ________ (下定决心) to learn painting from the master. 10. The road ________ ________ (向前行) to a small village at the foot of the mountain. U4重点语法 一、含有情态动词的被动语态 构成 例句 肯定 情态动词+ be + done Trees should be planted every year. 否定 情态动词+ not + be + done The problem can not be worked out easily. 注意：must表示“必须”时，其否定回答应该用needn’t。 例：─ Must the windows be cleaned today? ─ No, they needn’t. 不，不用。 二、现在完成时的被动语态：动作的承受者+ have/has been done 例：The bird has been set free. 那只鸟已经被放飞了。 Those cars have been cleaned. 写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词（10分，每题1分） decide __________ __________ warn __________ __________ smell __________ __________ draw __________ __________ know __________ __________ break __________ __________ catch __________ __________ find __________ __________ hear __________ __________ think __________ __________ 八下期中语法归纳与练习 · 语法一:动词不定式 · 语法二:动名词 · 语法三:被动语态 · 语法四:含情态动词的被动语态及现在完成时的被动语态 1. John advised me _______ English by reading many English books but I don’t have time to do it. A. to learn B. learning C. learned D. to learning 2. _________ is my favorite hobby and I often go to swim with my father on weekends. A. Swims B. Swam C. Swimming D. To swimming 3. The bridge _________ next month. I’m looking forward to seeing it. A. was built B. will be built C. is built D. built 4. I didn't know how _________ this machine at first, but finally Lisa helped me a lot. A. control B. controlling C. controlled D. to control 5. --- What _________by us to help them out of trouble? --- I have no idea. Maybe we need to ask our teacher for help. A. could be done B. must be doing C. could do D. must do 6. --- Great changes have taken place in this city. --- Right. Many modern tall buildings _________ in the past five years. A. have built B. have been built C. built D. are building 7. My parents tell me that all rubbish must _________ into the dustbin. A. throw B. be thrown C. threw D. is throwing 8. Young people under 18 must _________ to drive in China. A. not allow B. be not allowed C. allow not D. not be allowed 9. Remember _________ her of the dance class on Sunday, or she will be late. A. to remind B. reminding C. remind D. reminded 10. It’s going to be an exciting football match, Germany plays _________ Brazil. A. with B. for C. against D. in 11. --- Mum, can you tell me the story The Lion King? --- Oh, Tom, the story _________ many times. How about another one? A. has been told B. has told C. tells D. told 12. Children should _________ to be honest from a young age. A. educate B. be educated C. punish D. be punished 13. Something _________ to stop pollution. A. did B. done C. must do D. must be done 根据句意用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。 1. I decide _____________(work) in Shanghai in the future, but my parents don’t agree with me. 2. Many trees should __________________ (plant)on the mountain. 3. --- Do you mind __________________ (open) the window --- No I don't. 4. --- What's your best way of __________________ (learn) Maths? 5. The flowers ______________(take)care of by gardeners every day, so they look beautiful. 6. David used to practise __________________ (play) basketball five times a week, but now he hardly has time to play basketball. 7. Every time I was into trouble. She offered __________________(help) me. 8. I forgot __________________(return) the book to him. I feel really sorry. 9. This painting __________________ (paint) by the famous artist five years ago. 10. My grandpa taught me __________________ (speak) English when I was a young girl. U4经典句记忆 1. The cartoons were so good that they won a number of awards. 2. The famous cat and mouse remain popular today, as the cartoons are still shown on television around the world. 1. We can use stone to make tables. (改为被动语态) ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. The children have seen Tom and Jerry for so many times. (改为被动语态) ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. We have turned the book into 26 languages. (改为被动语态) ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. 时间应该先用来做重要的事情。(用被动语态翻译) ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. 家庭作业必须在踢足球前完成。(用被动语态翻译) ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. 他很努力工作，因而他取得了很大的成功。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 课后作业 一．根据首字母和句意填写单词。 1. The great m______ held an art class for young painters last weekend. 2. This painting is the artist’s most famous m______ and it’s on show in the museum. 3. W______ I go to the art gallery, I feel calm and relaxed. 4. She likes to walk a______ in the park after dinner to enjoy the quiet night. 5. The student tried to c______ the famous painting and it looked very similar. 6. I need a c______ of this document, can you print it for me? 7. The heavy rain didn’t d______ the old building in the village. 8. The two topics are s______, so we don’t need to talk about them together. 9. A new art e______ will open in the city center next Friday. 10. A healthy l______ includes enough exercise and fresh food every day. 11. The artist paid attention to every small d______ when he painted the picture. 12. This hard work r______ a lot of patience and carefulness. 13. The artist’s d______ is also a painter and she has her own studio. 14. The ancient vase is p______, so we must keep it in a safe place. 15. There is a beautiful stone s______ in front of the city museum. 二．阅读 A group of swans flew down to a beach where a crow was jumping around. The crow watched them with disdain. “ You have no flying skills at all!” he said to the swans. “All you can do is to move your wings. Can you turn over in the air? No, I don’t think you can do it! Let’s have a flying competition. I’ll show you what real flying is!” One of the swans, a strong young male, took up the challenge. The crow flew up and began to show his skills. He flew in circles, performed other flying tricks, and then came down and looked proudly at the swan. Now it was the swan’s turn. He flew up, and began flying over the sea. The crow flew after him, making all kinds of comments (评价) about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn’t see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was now so tired that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle (挣扎) to make himself not fall into the water. The swan pretended not to notice, and said, “Why do you keep touching the water, brother? Is that another trick?” “ No.” said the crow. He knew he had lost the competition. “ I’m in trouble because of my pride! If you don’t help me, I’ll lose my life.” The swan took pity on him, and took him on his shoulders and flew back to the beach. ( )1.What does the underlined word disdain in Paragraph 1 mean? A. 开心 B. 鄙夷 C. 兴奋 D. 悲伤 ( )2. What’s the correct order of the following events? a. The crow followed the swan and got into trouble. b. The swan felt pity for the crow and saved it. c. The crow had to ask the swan for help. d. The swan accepted a challenge of performance flying tricks. A. a-d-b-c B. a-b-d-c C. d-a-c-b D. d-c-a-b ( )3. We can infer (推测) from the passage that ________. A. the swans have no flying skills at all B. flying skills were useless C. the crow saved the swan because he took pity on him D. the swan was better at long-distanced flying than the crow ( )4. What do we learn from the passage? A. Pride goes before a fall. B. The early bird catches the worm. C. No pains, no gains. D. Practice makes perfect. （C） Do you have a lucky number? What is it? Many people have a special number that they hope will bring them good luck. In Chinese culture, some numbers are believed to be lucky or unlucky based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to. For example, the word for the number 8 sounds similar to the word for “making a fortune (发财)”. So, people consider it a very lucky number. Some people will even spend a lot of money to have 8s in their phone number or on their vehicle license plate (车牌照) number. The opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics began at 8:08 p.m. on Aug. 8, 2008. The number 9 is also a lucky number because of its connection to the emperors of China. There were nine dragons on emperors’ robes (龙袍) and Chinese myth held that the dragon had nine children. The number 9 also stands for “long lasting”. That’s why a man always proposes (求婚) to a woman with 99 or 999 roses. So what’s an unlucky number in China? One example is 4. Many Chinese people see 4 as an unlucky number because it sounds similar to the character for “death”. Because of this, many buildings skip (跳过) the fourth floor, and simply call it the fifth floor. In Hong Kong, some buildings even skip all floors numbered with 4, such as 4, 14, 24, 34 and all 40-49 floors. Some buildings also skip the 13th floor, as this is considered an unlucky number in some areas in Hong Kong. As a result, a building whose highest floor is 50 may have only 35 physical floors. ( )1.What makes Chinese people believe a number is lucky or unlucky? A. The shape of the number. B. The sound of the number. C. The history of the number. D. The spelling of the number. ( )2. According to the passage, the meaning of number 9 in Chinese culture is_________. A. fortunate B. ordinary C. everlasting D. simple ( )3. A building whose highest floor is 60 in Hong Kong might only have ________ physical floors if it skips all the unlucky numbers. A. 35 B. 60 C. 45 D. 44 ( )4.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Numbers and old stories in China. B. Different meanings of numbers in different countries. C. Ways to find your lucky and unlucky numbers. D. Lucky and unlucky numbers in Chinese culture. 参考答案 课前小练习 —— 语法选择 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B6.C 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.D11.B 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.D 错题反思（空白版，供填写） 一、首字母填空（基础） 1.masterpiece 2.Whenever 3.alone 4.copy 5.exhibition6.detail 7.priceless 8.Unfortunately 9.graduate 10.preserve11.requires 12.limit 13.temperature 14.sculpture 15.separate 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.master’s 2.copied 3.damaged 4.exhibition 5.detail6.requires 7.priceless 8.Unfortunately 9.graduated 10.limit11.temperature 12.preserve 13.lifestyle 14.separate 15.sculpture 三、完成句子（单词运用） 1.masterpiece; master2.Whenever3.by himself4.exhibition; sculptures5.requires; detail6.Unfortunately; damaged7.graduated8.limit9.temperature; preserve10.separate; separately 词组默写 + 完成句子 词组默写（英文） 1.in one sitting2.in the mood3.pass along4.be at one with...5.next to6.at last7.all walks of life8.all the time9.make up one's mind 短语完成句子 1.in one sitting2.in the mood3.passed along4.be at one with5.next to6.at last7.all walks of life8.all the time9.made up her mind10.passes along U4 重点语法 —— 动词过去式 & 过去分词 decide—decided—decided；warn—warned—warnedsmell—smelt/smelled—smelt/smelled；draw—drew—drawnknow—knew—known；break—broke—brokencatch—caught—caught；find—found—foundhear—heard—heard；think—thought—thought 八下期中语法归纳与练习 —— 单项选择 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A6.B 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C11.A 12.B 13.D 八下期中语法归纳与练习 —— 词形填空 1.to work 2.be planted 3.opening 4.learning 5.are taken6.playing 7.to help 8.to return 9.was painted 10.to speak U4 经典句记忆 —— 句型转换 & 翻译 1.Stone can be used to make tables by us.2.Tom and Jerry have been seen by the children for so many times.3.The book has been turned into 26 languages by us.4.Time should be used to do important things first.5.Homework must be finished before playing football.6.He worked very hard, so he made great success. 课后作业 一、首字母填空（拓展） 1.master 2.masterpiece 3.Whenever 4.alone 5.copy6.copy 7.damage 8.separate 9.exhibition 10.lifestyle11.detail 12.requires 13.daughter 14.priceless 15.sculpture 二、阅读理解 第一篇 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 第二篇 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $