UNIT 4教材原文助读7-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲 教材助读 语基默写】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

UNIT 4　教材原文助读7 ①parcel ['pɑːsl] n．包裹 vt.裹好；打包 ②jam [dʒæm] n．果酱；堵塞 traffic jams交通堵塞 ③be dying to do... 渴望做…… ④mail [meIl] n．邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给 mailbox n．电子邮箱 airmail n．航空邮递 ⑤secondary ['sekəndri] adj. 中学的；次要的 secondary education中等教育 be secondary to...与……相比是次要的 ⑥clay [kleI] n．黏土；陶土 ⑦dusty ['dʌsti] adj.布满灰尘的 dust [dʌst] n．沙土；灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰 a dusty track尘土飞扬的小路 ⑧weed [wiːd] n．杂草；野草 vt.& vi. 除杂草 ⑨a chorus of齐声；异口同声 chorus ['kɔːrəs] n．合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说 ⑩cotton uniform棉质校服 cotton ['kɒtn] n．棉布；棉花 uniform ['juːnIfɔːm] n．校服；制服 adj.一致的；统一的 ⑪up to多达；高达 ⑫not to mention更不用说；且不说 ⑬tablet ['tæblət] n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片 ⑭rubber ['rʌbə(r)] n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶 ⑮adapt to适应 ⑯have no concept of...没有……的概念 concept n．观念；概念 ⑰washroom ['wɒʃruːm] n．洗手间；厕所 [同义词]toilet；restroom ⑱basin ['beIsn] n．盆 ⑲rigid ['rIdʒId] adj.死板的；固执的 [同义词] stubborn ['stʌbən] adj.固执的 [反义词] flexible ['fleksəbl] adj.灵活的 ⑳the other day几天前；不久前某一天(谓语动词用一般过去时) ㉑bubble ['bʌbl] vi.起泡；沸腾 ㉒tube [tjuːb] n．管子；管状物 test tube试管 ㉓spill [spIl] vt.& vi.溢出；泼出；(使)洒出；散落 ㉔circus ['sɜːkəs] n．马戏团 ㉕come across偶然遇到；碰见 ㉖relevant ['reləvənt] adj.有意义的，有价值的；相关的；切题的　 be relevant to...与……有关(＝be related to...) ㉗chemist ['kemIst] n．化学家； 药剂师；药房 chemistry n．化学 ㉘to be honest说实话 (＝honestly speaking) ㉙make a difference to...对……产生影响；对……起作用 ㉚make one's visit to... 拜访…… ㉛fantastic views迷人的景色 ㉜shade [ʃeId] vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分 [辨析] shade指阴凉处，强调避热作用；shadow强调光照下形成的影子。 ㉝jaw [dʒɔː] n．颌；下巴 ㉞wrinkled forehead布满皱纹的前额 wrinkle ['rIkl] vt.& vi. (使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹 forehead ['fɔːhed；'fɒrId] n．额；前额 ㉟hut [hʌt] n．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍) ㊱stick out of...从……中伸出， 探出，突出 ㊲housing ['haʊzI] n．住房；住宅 ㊳adjust vi.& vt.适应； (使)习惯 adjustment n．调整，调节 ㊴platform ['plætfɔːm] n．平台； 站台；舞台 ㊵fireplace ['faIəpleIs] n．壁炉 ㊶possession n．[usually pl.] 所有物；财产；财物 possess vt.拥有 ㊷broom [bruːm] n．扫把；扫帚 ㊸saucer ['sɔːsə(r)] n．茶碟；杯托 ㊹kettle ['ketl] n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶 ㊺pan [pæn] n．平底锅；烤盘 ㊻jar [dʒɑː(r)] n．罐子；坛子 ㊼build a fire(＝make a fire)生火 ㊽ripe [raIp] adj.成熟的；时机成熟的 ㊾greens n．绿叶蔬菜 ㊿upside down颠倒地 grill [ɡrIl] n．烤架；烤肉餐馆 doorway ['dɔːweI] n. 门口；出入口；门道 dry out (使)干透；(使)完全变干 leftover ['leftəʊvə(r)] adj.吃剩的；残留的 n．吃剩的食物；遗留物 dry up使干涸；使干燥 handshake ['hændʃeɪk] n．握手 drag [dræɡ] vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动 drag oneself down/to/out of...费力地走下/走到/走出…… privilege ['prIvəlIdʒ] n. 优惠待遇；特权；荣幸 VOLUNTEERING IN THE BUSH 8 March I just got a parcel① from home! It took about two weeks to arrive, and it was a bit damaged, but it was so nice to get some sweets and jam② from home; [1]I've been dying to have③ some of my favourite sweets, and it's always nice to get mail④！ [1]本句为and连接的并列句。第二个分句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语。 So I've been here in the jungle for about a month now. My secondary⑤school is a bush school. The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay⑥ floors and roofs of grass. [2]It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty⑦ track covered in weeds⑧. When I reach the school grounds, I'm greeted by a chorus of⑨ “good morning” from the boys. Unlike students in our country, these boys do not wear cotton uniforms⑩， and many of them also have to walk a long way, sometimes for up to⑪ two hours, just to get to school. [2]本句为“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”；covered in weeds为过去分词短语作后置定语。 There's no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention⑫ laptops, tablets⑬， or other modern devices! All the students have are pencils, rubbers⑭， and paper. I'm still trying to adapt to⑮ these conditions. I've had to become much more imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of⑯ doing experiments. [3]There is no equipment, and since there isn't even a washroom⑰， if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin⑱！ It's important not to be too rigid⑲ about rules here, too. [4]The other day⑳ I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling㉑ out of the test tube㉒ spilling㉓ everywhere! [5]The class became a circus㉔as the boys, who had never come across㉕ anything like this before, started jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant㉖ chemistry is to these students—few will ever become chemists㉗—and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To be honest㉘， I doubt whether I'm making any difference to㉙these boys' lives at all. [3]本句中since引导原因状语从句；if引导条件状语从句。 [4]本句为“be doing...when...”句型，意为“正在做……这时……”；before 引导时间状语从句；spilling everywhere为现在分词作状语。 [5]本句中as引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词boys。 17 April Last weekend I made my first visit to㉚a remote village, home to one of our students, Tombe. Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain [6]from where we had fantastic views㉛， and then down a shaded㉜ path to the valley below. [7]When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, saw us coming and started crying “ieee ieee”. We shook hands with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be related to Tombe. [6]此处为from where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a mountain。 [7]本句中“When we arrived at the village”为when引导的时间状语从句；“Tombe's mother... ‘ieee ieee’”为主句，其中“see sb. doing sth.”意为“看见某人正在做某事”。 Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw㉝ and a wrinkled forehead㉞， led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut㉟ with no windows, with a door just big enough to get through, and [8]with grass sticking out of㊱ the roof—this shows it is a man's house. Such housing㊲ is dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust㊳. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a platform㊴ for Jenny and me to sleep on. There was a fireplace㊵ in the centre of the hut. The only possessions㊶ [9]I could see were one broom㊷， a few saucers㊸， a kettle㊹， cups, pans㊺， and a couple of jars㊻. [8] 此处为with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在句中作定语，修饰hut。 [9]此处为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词possessions。 Mukap built a fire㊼ outside and laid stones on it to heat. He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), ripe㊽ corn, and greens㊾. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. It smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut [10]sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family talking have the privilege of doing sth./to do sth.有做某事的特权,softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation. Luckily, Tombe interpreted for us. [10]此处为现在分词短语作方式状语。 Later, I noticed a can standing upside down㊿ on the grill over the fire. After a while, Tombe threw it out of the doorway. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. [11]His family believes that leftovers attract bad spirits in the night, so any leftover food is dried up in a can and the can is then thrown out of the hut. We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. [12]My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. [13]It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family. [11]本句中that引导宾语从句；and连接并列句。 [12]此处“My muscles were aching”和“my knees shaking”为and连接的两个句式相同的并列分句，第二个分句shaking前省略了系动词were。 [13]本句为“It is/was a privilege to do sth.”句型，意为“有幸做某事”；to have spent是动词不定式的完成式，表示该动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生或完成。 在丛林做志愿者 3月8日 我刚收到一个从家里寄来的包裹！大约花了两周的时间包裹才到达，虽然有点破损，但是真高兴能收到家里寄来的一些糖果和果酱；我一直非常渴望吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，而且收到邮包总是令人开心不已！ 到现在我已经在丛林里待了大约一个月了。我所在的中学是一所丛林学校。教室是用竹子建造的，黏土铺的地面，茅草搭的屋顶。沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。当我走进校园时，男孩们齐声对我喊“早上好”。与我们国家的学生不同，这些男孩不穿棉质校服，他们中的很多人需要长途跋涉——有时长达两个小时——才能到学校。 这里没有电，没有自来水，甚至也没有教科书，更不用说笔记本电脑、平板电脑或其他现代化设备了！学生们只有铅笔、橡皮和纸。我还在努力适应这些条件。在我的教学中，我不得不变得更有想象力。科学课对我来说是最具挑战性的科目，因为我的学生们没有做实验这一概念。这里没有任何设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果我需要水的话，我得用盆子从我的房间里端过来！在这里，很重要的一点是也不能太墨守成规。几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，这时，在我反应过来之前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！班上乱成了一个马戏团，因为男孩们以前从没遇到过像这样的事情，他们开始跳窗跑走。有时，我会想化学对这些 学生来说到底有多大的意义——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人反正都要在八年级后回到自己的村庄。说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些男孩们的生活带来任何影响。 4月17日 上周末，我第一次拜访了一个偏远的村庄，我们的学生汤贝的家在那里。我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里。首先，我们爬上了一座山，从那里我们看到了迷人的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到了下面的山谷。我们到达村庄时，汤贝的母亲齐亚克看见我们到了，就“唉咿唉咿”地喊了起来。我们和所有的村民握手，每个人似乎都是汤贝的亲戚。 汤贝的父亲穆卡普是一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，他带领我们来到他的房子：一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，门的宽度仅够单人穿过，屋顶伸出一簇茅草——这表明这是一个男人的房子。这样的房屋里面很暗，所以过了一会儿我们的眼睛才适应过来。地上铺着新草，还有一个让我和珍妮睡觉的平台。屋子中央有个火炉。我能看到的物品只有一把扫帚、几个碟子、一个水壶、杯子、平底锅和几个罐子。 穆卡普在屋外生了火，然后把石头放在火上加热。接着，他把热石头放入一个有栲栲(甘薯)、熟玉米和青菜的空油桶里。然后他用香蕉叶盖住蔬菜，把它们蒸上。食物闻起来很香。我们在屋内围着火炉吃饭。我喜欢听这家人用他们的语言轻声地交谈，虽然我参与不了多少他们的谈话，但是幸好有汤贝为我们解说。 后来，我注意到炉火上方的烤架上倒放着一个罐子。过了一会儿，汤贝把它扔到了门外。他告诉我把罐子烤热是为了使剩饭完全变干。他的家人认为，剩饭会在晚上引来恶鬼，所以要把所有的剩饭放在罐子里烘干，然后把罐子扔到屋外去。 第二天早上，经过多次道别和有力的握手之后，我们离开了村庄。当我们费力地走下山回家时，我的肌肉酸痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我带着愉快的心情入睡了。与汤贝一家共度了一日，真是一种荣幸。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $