UNIT 4 2 Period 2 Learning About Language-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语短语学习，系统梳理名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语五大类型，从定义、构成（如名词短语含限定词+形容词+名词，动词短语含动词+副词/介词等）到句法功能（作表语、宾语等），通过教材例句与完成句子练习搭建学习支架，帮助学生构建短语知识体系。 该资料以教材语境为依托，融入高考真题实例（如2024年新高考全国卷句子），助力提升语言运用能力。通过分类解析与梯度练习，培养学生分析、应用的思维品质，课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后便于学生巩固练习，查漏补缺，有效发展自主学习能力。

Period 2　Learning About Language 复习短语 英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式角度划分， 英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语和介词短语等。 一、名词短语(NP) (1)(教材P38) My secondary school is a bush school. 我所在的中学是一所丛林学校。 (2)(教材P38) Unlike students in our country, these boys do not wear cotton uniforms. 与我们国家的学生不同，这些男孩不穿棉质校服。 (3)(教材P38) Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house. 汤贝的父亲穆卡普是一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，他带领我们来到他的房子。 句(1)中的名词短语作表语；句(2)中的名词短语作宾语；句(3)中的名词短语作同位语。 1．名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中当作名词，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或宾语补足语。 2．名词短语的构成：(限定词＋)(形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词＋)名词(＋介词短语)。 3．名词短语中的限定词常常包括冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this、that、these、those等)、物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。 完成句子 (1)幸运的是，已经立刻采取了很多措施来确保人们的生命和安全。 Fortunately, a great number of measures have been taken to ensure people's lives and safety right away. (2)在夏天，纽约提供了各种特殊的文化活动。 During the summer, New York offers a variety of special cultural events． (3)学校的指导老师在选课上给了我很多帮助。 The school adviser gave me much help in choosing courses. (4)在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中，我认为范仲淹是最有影响力的。 Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion. 二、动词短语(VP) (1)(教材P38) I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions.　我还在努力适应这些条件。 (2)(教材P38) We shook hands with all the villagers. 我们和所有的村民握手。 (3)The car broke down on the way to the airport, which made us miss the flight. 汽车在去机场的路上抛锚了，这使我们错过了航班。 (4)He ran as fast as he could so that he could catch up with the others in the race. 他尽可能快地跑，以便在比赛中赶上其他人。 句(1)中的动词短语由动词＋介词构成；句(2)中的动词短语由动词＋名词＋介词构成；句(3)中的动词短语由动词＋副词构成；句(4)中的动词短语由动词＋副词＋介词构成。 1．动词短语是指以一个动词为中心构成的短语，在句中相当于动词。 2．动词短语的构成：(1)动词＋副词； (2)动词＋介词； (3)动词＋副词＋介词； (4)动词＋名词＋介词； (5)动词＋名词；(6)其他。 完成句子 (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)水面反射的阳光和宁静的气氛都为这幅画增添了色彩。 The sunlight reflecting off the water and the tranquil atmosphere all added color to the painting． (2)(2024·全国甲卷)今天我想重点谈谈一些主要的发展，包括共享单车、高铁和新能源汽车。 Today I'd like to focus on some major developments, which include shared bicycles, high-speed trains and new energy vehicles. (3)当我转过拐角时，我看到了一位多年未见的老朋友，我的心里充满了喜悦。 When I turned the corner, I caught sight of an old friend I hadn't seen for years, and my heart filled with joy. (4)他决定摆脱自己的坏习惯，开始一种新的健康生活方式。 He decided to break away from his bad habits and start a new healthy lifestyle． 三、形容词短语(AdjP) (1)(教材P38) It was so nice to get some sweets and jam from home. 真高兴能收到家里寄来的一些糖果和果酱。 (2)(教材P38) Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments.　科学课对我来说是最具挑战性的科目，因为我的学生们没有做实验这一概念。 (3)You're energetic enough to achieve your goals. 你精力充沛足以去实现你的目标。 句(1)(3)中的形容词短语作表语；句(2)中的形容词短语作定语。 1．形容词短语是指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中可以作定语，可修饰名词或代词，还可以作表语或宾语补足语，也可以作状语。 2．形容词短语的构成：(副词＋)形容词(＋介词短语)。 完成句子 (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)这是一次非凡而难忘的经历，我将永远铭记于心。 It was such an extraordinary and memorable experience that I would always keep it in my mind. (2)(2024·全国甲卷)共享单车为短途旅行提供了一种方便、环保的交通方式。 Shared bicycles provide a convenient and environmentally friendly means of transport for short trips. (3)他又冷又饿地在风雪中度过了一天。 He spent one day in the wind and snow，cold and hungry． 四、副词短语(AdvP) (1)(教材P39) Luckily, Tombe interpreted for us. 幸好有汤贝为我们解说。 (2)(教材P39) Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. 后来，我注意到炉火上方的烤架上倒放着一个罐子。 (3)I don't know her well enough to ask her for help. 我对她不够熟悉不便请求她帮助。 句(1)中的副词短语修饰整个句子；句(2)、(3)中的副词短语修饰动词。 1．副词短语是指以一个副词为中心构成的短语。副词短语在句中当作副词，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 2．副词短语的构成：(副词＋)副词。 完成句子 (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)我画了公园里的风景，柳枝在微风中翩翩起舞，几只鸭子在河里平静快乐地游来游去。 I painted the scenery of the park, where the willow branches were dancing in the breeze and several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily． (2)(2024·全国甲卷)此外，中国的高速铁路网有效地连接了各个城市。 Besides, China's high-speed railway network has connected various cities effectively． (3)不要那么沉默地待在那儿。 Don't stay there so silently． 五、介词短语(PrepP) (1)(教材P38) It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. 沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。 (2)(教材P39)There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut. 屋子中央有个火炉。 (3)(教材P39)We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. 我们在屋内围着火炉吃饭。 句(1)、(2)、(3)中的介词短语均由介词＋名词构成，作状语。 1．介词短语是指介词加上其宾语成分构成的短语。介词短语在句中作表语、定语或状语。 2．介词短语的构成：介词＋宾语，能在介词后充当宾语的主要有名词、宾格代词、动词-ing形式等。 完成句子 (1)(2024·全国甲卷)众所周知，交通方式的改变将给人们的生活带来巨大的变化。 As we all know, changes in transportation will bring great changes to people's lives. (2)这项决定对孩子们非常重要。 The decision is of great importance to the children. (3)当他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。 When he woke up, he found himself in the hospital. Ⅰ.写出下列加黑短语的类型及所充当的句子成分 1．Equally importantly, we should develop a good habit of living. 副词短语作状语 2．Under the guidance of my mother, I turned on the gas cooker. 动词短语作谓语 3．When I was in middle school, my teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. 介词短语作表语 4．After a temporary hesitation, David nodded in agreement, finally deciding to participate in the cross-country run. 名词短语作宾语__ 5．The plane didn't take off on time because of the heavy rain.名词短语作宾语 6．The weather there is wet and warm.形容词短语作表语__ 7．Let's use shared bicycles as common transports.介词短语作状语__ 8．Overall, it was a valuable and enriching experience. 形容词短语作定语 9．I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed I had grown up.形容词短语作表语 10．He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.动词短语作谓语 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．如果可能的话，我真心希望您能考虑一下我的建议。 Should it be possible, I truly hope you can take my suggestions into consideration． 2．他的行为深深地打动了我，以至于我在深夜无法入睡。 I was so deeply moved by his deeds that I couldn't fall asleep deep into the night． 3．我们得知将为我们安排一节英语口语课，兴奋不已。 We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English class will be arranged for us． 4．这就是为什么我在五一期间学会如何做饭。 That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday. 5．她提着满满一篮子鸡蛋去看望祖母。 She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $