Unit 5教材原文助读10-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲 教材助读 语基默写】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“潜入深海”主题，整合核心词汇（如熟词生义some、given、window，短语set sail、offer a window into）、语法结构（倒装句、比较状语从句等），结合沉船考古、深海生物、资源开发等语境，构建从语言知识到主题理解的学习支架。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“埃斯梅拉达”号沉船、古罗马奈阿波利斯等案例，引导学生在语境中运用词汇语法，提升语言理解与表达能力。同时，结合中国“蛟龙号”等科技成就，渗透文化意识，增强家国情怀。课中辅助教师讲解语法与主题关联，课后助力学生复习词汇、拓展主题认知，弥补知识盲点。

Unit 5教材原文助读10 ①dive [daIv] v．& n．潜水，下潜 ②shipwreck ['ʃIprek] n．[C]失事的船，沉船；[U，C]船舶失事，海难　 ③some [熟词生义] adv. 大约，差不多 ④set sail (for) 起航(前往) ⑤unexplored [ˌʌnIk'splɔːd] adj.无人涉足的，未画进地图的，未经勘察的 ⑥given [熟词生义] prep.考虑到，鉴于 ⑦continue to do sth.继续做某事 ⑧as with正如；与……一样 ⑨archaeological finds考古发现 archaeological [ˌɑːkIə'lɒdʒIk(ə)l] adj.考古学的；考古的 ⑩shallow waters浅水区 ⑪offer a window into... 提供了解……的窗口 window [熟词生义] n．[sing.]了解信息的渠道，窗口 ⑫fascinating ['fæsIneItIŋ] adj.迷人的，极有吸引力的 ⑬extreme cold严寒，极度寒冷 ⑭fragment ['fræɡmənt] n． [sing.]碎片，片段 ⑮biological [ˌbaIə'lɒdʒIkl] adj.生物的；生物学的 biology [baI'ɒlədʒi] n．[U]生物 ⑯coral ['kɒrəl] n．[U]珊瑚 coral reef/island 珊瑚礁/岛 ⑰at the rate of以……的速度；以……的比率 ⑱transparent [træns'pærənt] adj.透明的 ⑲very [熟词生义] adv.(强调形容词最高级或置于own前)完全，十足 ⑳ocean trench海沟 trench [trentʃ] n．[C] 海沟，大洋沟 be equivalent to等同于， 相当于 equivalent [I'kwIv(ə)lənt] adj.等同的；等值的；相当的　 stack [stæk] v．(使)整齐地堆起；摞起 volcanic opening火山口 notable ['nəʊtəb(ə)l] adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的 substance ['sʌbstəns] n．[C]物质，物品，东西 vessel ['ves(ə)l] n．[C]船；舰，轮船；血管 hold the record for... 保持着……的纪录 manned submarine载人潜艇 manned [mænd] adj. 有人控制的，需人操纵的 alongside prep.与……一起，与……同时 deep-sea drilling深海钻探 drilling ['drIlIŋ] n. 钻探；勘探 tough environment艰苦的环境 enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的 intense [In'tens] adj.很大的，十分强烈的 intense heat/cold/pain酷热/严寒/剧痛 beyond the reach of...超出……的范围 open up开发，开辟 frontier ['frʌntIə(r)] n．[C]边界，边境，国界；尖端，边缘, DIVING① DEEP Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks②. All of them represent attempts over the centuries to explore Earth's furthest corners. [1]Among these is the Esmeralda, the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia. Today, some③ 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail④， there is little—if any—land on our planet left unexplored⑤. We have more detailed maps of the Moon, and even of Venus and Mars, [2]than we do of Earth's own sea bed． [1]本句为完全倒装句，“the earliest...Asia”作主语the Esmeralda的同位语。 [2]此处为than引导的比较状语从句，do替代前面的have detailed maps。 Given⑥ our limited knowledge, [3]it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to⑦ lead to discoveries in various scientific fields. As with⑧ the discovery of the Esmeralda, many archaeological finds⑨ are made in shallow waters⑩ near the coast. These may sometimes include whole cities buried beneath the waves. One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neápolis, discovered off the coast of Tunisia. Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD, the ruins of Neápolis are almost 2，000 years old. The remaining streets and buildings offer a window into⑪ a fascinating⑫ period in our history. However, we are only beginning to overcome the challenges of pressure, darkness and extreme cold⑬ at vast depths. Fragments⑭ of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered. [3]本句中“it is no surprise that...”意为“……不足为奇”，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 Amazing biological⑮ discoveries are also being made. The dark zones of the oceans may contain up to 90 per cent of the planet's fish. [4]In these waters, more than 200 metres deep, where light cannot reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction. Imagine bone-white coral⑯ 6，000 metres below the ocean's surface, growing at the rate of⑰ only one or two millimetres per year. Some of these could be 4，000 years old. Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye, a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent⑱ forehead. In the very⑲ deepest ocean trenches⑳ that are more than 8，000 metres below the surface, the pressure is equivalent to 50 aeroplanes stacked one on top of another. Yet there is still life to be found, even around the deep-sea volcanic openings. These discoveries all help us understand the capacity for life on our planet, even in the most extreme circumstances. [4]本句的主干是“In these waters are extraordinary creatures”。where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词these waters；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词creatures；as if引导表语从句。 Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, [5]some of which are completely new to us. Most notable of these is China's discovery of an ice-like substance, known as “fire ice”， under the South China Sea. In addition, China's underwater vessels, such as the Jiaolong and Shenhai Yongshi, have been exploring waters at depths of thousands of metres. The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7，062 metres, giving China its place alongside the world's top ocean explorers. [6]The research conducted by these vessels is giving scientists a greater understanding of how the sea bed was formed, as well as helping identify areas for deep-sea drilling, taking deep-sea exploration into a whole new era. [5]此处为“代词＋of which”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词natural resources。 [6]本句的主干是“The research is giving scientists a greater understanding as well as helping identify areas”。过去分词短语conducted by these vessels作后置定语，修饰主语The research；how引导宾语从句；现在分词短语taking deep-sea exploration into a whole new era作结果状语。 [7]Being a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold, the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration. However, through closer international scientific, economic and cultural cooperation, we are all becoming part of a global mission to open up our planet's final frontier. Humankind is entering a new age of oceanic discovery, and the world beneath the waves may one day be almost as familiar to us as the land we walk upon today. [7]此处为现在分词短语作原因状语，表示主语the ocean depths的状态。 潜入深海 据估计，全球水域下沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。它们都代表着若干世纪以来探索地球最远端的努力尝试。其中包括“埃斯梅拉达”号，它是欧洲国家探索亚洲时代留下的最早的残骸。如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们的星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。(然而，)我们手中关于地球自身海床的地图，甚至比不上关于月球乃至金星、火星的天体图详尽。 鉴于我们有限的认知，探索海洋不断带来各种不同科学领域的发现，这也许就显得不足为奇了。就像发现“埃斯梅拉达”号的残骸一样，很多考古发现都发生在近海岸的浅水水域。这些发现有时会包括埋在海浪下的整座城市，其中之一便是在突尼斯海岸外发现的古罗马城市奈阿波利斯。据悉，在公元4世纪，奈阿波利斯被一场海啸淹没，其废墟已有近2 000年的历史。存留下来的街道、建筑为我们提供了了解那段精彩历史的窗口。然而，我们才刚刚开始克服广袤的海洋深处的压强、黑暗和极寒所带来的挑战。过去的碎片仍深藏在大洋底部，等待被发现。 生物学领域也有惊人的发现。海洋的黑暗区域里或许生存着地球上多达90%的鱼类。在200多米以下、光照不到的那些水域里，生存着一些看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中走出来的奇异生物。想象一下，在海平面下6 000 米深处，骨白色的珊瑚以每年仅一到两毫米的速度生长着。它们中有些可能已经存活了4 000年。漆黑的深海里管眼鱼游来游去，这是一种奇特的鱼，眼睛可以透过透明的前额向上看。在海平面以下8 000多米处最深的海沟里，压强相当于50架飞机堆叠在一起。然而这里仍有生命的存在，甚至在深海海底的火山口周围也有生命。这些发现都帮助我们理解地球上生命的承受力，甚至是在最极端的环境下(的承受力)。 因为是一个完全黑暗、压强极大和极度寒冷的恶劣环境，海洋深处长期以来一直是人类探索无法企及的。然而，通过更紧密的国际科学、经济以及文化合作，我们都正在成为开拓地球最后疆域这一全球使命的参与者。人类正进入一个海洋发现的新时代，或许有朝一日，我们会像熟悉今日脚下走过的土地一样熟悉那海浪下的世界。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $