Unit 1教材原文助读1-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲 教材助读 语基默写】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“面对未来”主题，系统梳理重点词汇（如熟词生义shape、share，核心短语take action、in the face of等）和语法结构（如“find+宾语+宾补”、as引导的定语从句、非谓语动词作状语等），构建从词汇积累、语法解析到语篇理解的学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握语言知识并理解主题意义。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过对比海明威和柯南·道尔的人生经历，引导学生分析不同成功路径，提升分析和推断能力。词汇注释和语法解析辅助语言能力提升，课中助力教师引导学生深入文本，课后学生可通过词汇表和语法点回顾巩固，查漏补缺，同时文章主题激发学生对未来的思考，培养积极的学习态度。

Unit 1教材原文助读1 ①of one's choice某人的选择或决定(常作后置定语) ②in the face of面对 ③approach the future走近未来 ④take action采取行动 ⑤shape vt.[熟词生义] 影响……的发展；决定……的形成 ⑥come one's way意外地落在某人头上；偶尔发生在某人身上 ⑦in place就位；在适当的位置 ⑧guarantee [ˌɡærən'tiː] n．& vt.保证；担保 ⑨in this respect在这方面 ⑩illustrate ['IləstreIt] vt.说明；解释 illustration [ˌIlə'streIʃn] n．图解；例释；插图 ⑪apart adv.(指空间或时间)相隔，相距 ⑫share vt.& vi.[熟词生义]共同拥有(感情或想法、经历等) ⑬ambitious [æm'bIʃəs] adj.有野心的，有雄心的 ambition [æm'bIʃ(ə)n] n．追求，理想 ⑭approach to life生活方式，生活态度 approach n．方式，方法；态度(常与介词to连用)　 ⑮contrasting [kən'trɑːstIŋ] adj.极不相同的，差异大的 ⑯boyhood ['bɔIhʊd] n．(男性的)童年时期，少年时代 ⑰single-minded adj.一心一意的，专心致志的 ⑱trainee [ˌtreI'niː] n．接受工作培训的人；实习生 trainer n. [C]教员；教练员 ⑲correspondent [ˌkɒrI'spɒndənt] n．通讯员，记者 ⑳extraordinary [Ik'strɔːdnri] adj.不一般的，非凡的，卓越的 bullfighting ['bʊlfaItIŋ] n. 斗牛 bullfighter ['bʊlfaItə(r)] n. [C]斗牛士 amongst [ə'mʌŋst] prep.在……中(同among) amongst others除了别的以外 epic ['epIk] adj.漫长而艰难的；宏大的，史诗般的 an epic journey/struggle漫长而艰难的旅程/艰苦卓绝的斗争 elderly adj.上了年纪的(婉辞，与old同义)　 the elderly老人，上了年纪的人 by contrast相比之下 historical background历史背景 historical documents/research史学文献/研究 a historical novel一部历史小说 [辨析] historic [hI'stɒrIk] adj.历史上著名(或重要)的，可名垂青史的 historic sites历史遗址 be of special historic interest 具有特殊的历史意义 a historic occasion/decision/day/victory历史性的时刻/决定/日子/胜利 compare to/with...与……相比 fictional ['fIkʃənl] adj.虚构的，小说(中)的 fiction n．[U]小说 historical/romantic fiction历史/言情小说 detective [dI'tektIv] n．私家侦探 a detective story/novel侦探故事/小说 medical practice行医；医疗工作 practice在此意为“(医生的)工作，业务活动” a dental/law practice牙科诊所/律师事务所 devote oneself to (doing) sth.＝be devoted to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事 long to do sth.渴望做某事 long vi.渴望 can't get enough of...对……如痴如狂 in desperation绝望地；不顾一切地 kill off除掉，使某事物停止，消灭 focus on集中于 under immense pressure在巨大的压力下 immense [I'mens] adj.极大的，巨大的 be forced to do sth.被迫做某事 bring...back from the dead使……起死回生 ultimately ['ʌltImItli] adv.最后，最终 ultimate ['ʌltImət] adj.最后的，最终的 ultimate goal/target最终的目的/目标 a path to success成功之路 turn out 结果是；证明是 twists and turns迂回曲折 encounter [In'kaʊntə(r)] vt.& n. 遭遇；邂逅；经历 take a leaf out of/from the book of sb.＝take a leaf out of/from sb.'s book效仿，模仿(成功之人的举止和行为)；以……为榜样 the unexpected意料之外的事物 “the＋adj.”表示一类人或事物，如the old(老年人)、the right(正确的事) dot [dɒt] n．点，小圆点 backwards ['bækwədz] adv.往回，往前面 Facing the Future For many of us, it's something we already have experienced. One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep. The next, our eyes are open and we [1]find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future. Will we get into the school of our choice①？ What will we be doing in ten years' time? [2]Can we become the person we really want to be? In the face of②such questions, how should we approach the future③？ Can we take action④ to shape⑤ it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way⑥？ [1]此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表示主动和动作正在进行。 [2]本句是主从复合句。we really want to be是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the person。 [3]As many of us already know, having plans in place⑦ for the future is no guarantee⑧ that they will become reality. [4]In this respect⑨， some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated⑩ by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years apart⑪．Although they shared⑫ the same ambitious⑬ and energetic approach to life⑭， their careers unfolded in contrasting⑮ ways. [3]本句是主从复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句并在从句中作宾语。主句是主系表结构，动词-ing短语having plans...future作主语；that引导的同位语从句对guarantee进行解释说明。 [4] 本句是主从复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子；“born 40 years apart”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰authors。 The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood⑯ single-minded⑰ in his ambition to write. [5]On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee⑱ reporter. He went on to become foreign correspondent⑲ for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary⑳ experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform his writing. In his words, “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” [6]Having set himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, the Spanish Civil War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others. His novel The Old Man and the Sea, about the three-day epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish [7]he had ever caught, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. [5]“on/upon doing...”意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 [6]本句的主干为“he wrote novels and short stories”；“Having set himself this goal”为现在分词的完成式作状语；“based on...fishing”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰novels and short stories。 [7]此处为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词fish。先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor. But Doyle's main ambition was [8]to become a writer of historical novels. [9]Although some of his historical novels were published, their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day. [8]此处为动词不定式短语作表语。 [9]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句；“compared to the stories of his fictional detective”为过去分词短语作状语；“which he...this day”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the stories。 Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories [10]while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London. After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other academic works. The public, however, couldn't get enough of Sherlock Holmes. [11]In desperation, Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing. [12]However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle's many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century. [10]此处为while引导的时间状语从句，while意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。 [11]本句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句。主句中过去分词短语published in 1893作后置定语，修饰a novel。 [12]本句中“so...that...”引导结果状语从句。 [13]Though both of these men were ultimately successful, their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned.[14]So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter, take a leaf out of the books of  these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected. As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said, “You can't connect the dots [15]looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.” [13]本句的主干为“their paths to success were very different”；句中Though引导让步状语从句；“their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned”为独立主格结构作状语，其中“as they planned”为as引导的方式状语从句。 [14]本句是主从复合句。whatever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。 [15]此处为现在分词短语作状语。 面对未来 我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正惬意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的问题——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗？十年之后我们会在做什么？我们能够成为自己真正想成为的人吗？面对这些疑问，我们应该如何走近未来呢？我们能采取行动去影响未来吗？还是应该全然接受现实给予我们的一切？ 正如我们许多人都已经知道的那样，为未来制定计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。在这方面，有些人比其他人更幸运，通过比较两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家的生活就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。 美国作家欧内斯特·海明威出生于1899年，他从少年时代起就一心一意致力于写作。高中一毕业，他就进入堪萨斯州当地的一家报社做实习记者。此后，他又成了《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说：“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等事件中的亲身经历，创作了很多小说和短篇故事。他的小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条他捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝的搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。 相比而言，1859年出生于苏格兰的阿瑟·柯南·道尔年轻时是一名医生，但他最大的志向是成为一名历史小说作家。虽然他出版了一些历史小说，但其成就与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比微不足道。直到现在，他最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。 有趣的是，一些早期的福尔摩斯故事是道尔在伦敦行医期间，在等候病人的时候创作的。在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了医学，全身心地投入创作。他还是渴望自己能因历史小说和其他学术作品而出名。然而，公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯(的故事)如痴如狂。绝望之下，道尔在一部于1893年出版的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便能专注于他的“严肃”作品。然而，福尔摩斯迷们非常愤怒，这使道尔在巨大的压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。道尔的很多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文多半都被人遗忘了，但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。 虽然这两个人最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们所计划的那样发展。因此，不管未来你可能会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折，都应以这两位作者为榜样，做好应对意外的准备。正如著名的科技创新者史蒂夫·乔布斯所说：“你无法预见性地将(生命中的)点滴串联起来，只有在回头看时，你才能将这些点滴联系起来。所以你要坚信，你现在所经历的点滴，将在你的未来中以某种方式串联起来。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $