Unit 1 Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语阅读策略与语言知识，系统涵盖词汇匹配、体裁识别、结构分析、主旨及细节理解等核心内容，从基础词汇学习到阅读技能训练，再到语言运用与拓展练习，构建递进式学习支架。 资料设计分层递进，通过海明威与柯南·道尔案例分析培养思维品质，结合高考真题与应用写作背诵点提升语言能力，课中辅助教师引导学生深度理解，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，有效发展学习能力。

Period 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas 　《教材助读＋语基默写》见分册本 1．boyhood　　　 A．connected with the past 2．ambition B．towards a place or position that is behind 3．correspondent C．the time in a man's life when he is a boy 4．historical D．a person employed by sb. to find out information about sb./sth. 5．detective E．sth. that you want to do or achieve very much 6．backwards F．a reporter or a journalist 答案：1～5.CEFAD　6.B Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure 1．Genre：____ A．Exposition (说明文). B．Narration (记叙文). C．Argumentation (议论文). 答案：C 2．Structure and Clues： 答案：(1)reality　(2)single-minded　(3)writer (4)Sherlock Holmes　(5)unexpected Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea What does the passage mainly talk about? It mainly talks about stories about different people's future．　 Activity 3　Reading for Details 1．Read Part 1 and answer the following questions. (1)What does the word “it” mean in the sentence “Can we take action to shape it”？ A．The person we want to be. B．The action. C．The school we choose. D．The future. 答案：D (2)Which of the following is NOT true? A．It's no use planning for the future. B．Not all future plans can come true. C．The future is probably the most important issue of our lives. D．Some people are much luckier than others in career. 答案：A 2．Read Part 2 and answer the following questions. (1)Which of the following won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction? A．Toronto Star. B．The Sun Also Rises. C．The Old Man and the Sea. D．A Farewell to Arms. 答案：C (2)What was Arthur Conan Doyle's main ambition? A．A doctor. B．A writer of historical novels. C．A writer of fictional stories. D．A journalist. 答案：B (3)What made Doyle a famous author? A．His fictional stories. B．His work as a doctor. C．His historical novels. D．A detective called Sherlock Holmes. 答案：D (4)Why did Doyle give up his writing of the fictional detective? A．Because he didn't have enough time to write. B．Because the public didn't like Sherlock Holmes. C．Because he had no creative ideas about it. D．Because he wanted to focus on his historical writing. 答案：D (5)What can we infer from the story of Doyle? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Rome was not built in a day. C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．The future may not turn out exactly as we planned. 答案：D 3．Read Part 3 and answer the following questions. (1)What rhetorical device (修辞手法) does the author use? A．Personification (拟人). B．Metaphor (隐喻). C．Hyperbole (夸张). D．Parallelism (排比). 答案：B (2)What's your understanding of Steve Jobs' words? What we went through in the past can be connected with our future. As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become 1.reality(real). The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write.Having set 2.himself(he) this goal, he wrote novels and short 3.stories(story) based on his personal experiences.His novel The Old Man and the Sea 4.won(win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 5．By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as 6.a doctor.But Doyle's main ambition was 7.to become(become) a writer of historical novels.Although some of his historical novels were published, their success was nothing 8.compared(compare) to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, 9.which he is still best known for to this day. Though both of these men were 10.ultimately(ultimate) successful, their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. 1．If your friend who is a senior high student is anxious about her future, what would you say to comfort her? ________________________________________________________ 2．What should we do to prepare for our future? ________________________________________________________ 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．trainee n. A．点，小圆点 2．bullfighting n. B．往回，往前面 3．dot n. C．斗牛 4．backwards adv. D．接受工作培训的人； 实习生 答案：1～4.DCAB Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．boyhood memories 童年回忆 2．a foreign correspondent 一名驻外记者 3．a detective novel 一部侦探小说 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．ambition n．追求，理想→ambitious adj.有野心的，有雄心的 2．historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的；有历史意义的 3．ultimately adv.最后，最终→ultimate adj.最后的，最终的 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．He persevered in the face of(面对) discouragement from those around him. 2．I must point out that time waits for no one, so we must take action(采取行动) immediately to deal with the urgency as soon as possible. 3．It never occurred to her that luck could come her way(发生在她的身上) at the very last moment. 4．Due to unforeseen circumstances, I was forced to(被迫) reschedule my appointment for later in the day. 5．The mystery guest at the party turned out (结果是)to be the CEO of the company, which surprised everyone. 6．I will take a leaf out of/from his book(以他为榜样) and see how he manages to balance work and family so successfully in his daily life. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 A．根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about(发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧) possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future.(Para.1) 2．(1)as引导非限制性定语从句 (2)动词-ing短语作主语 As many of us already know(正如我们许多人都已经知道的那样), having plans in place for the future(为未来制定计划) is no guarantee that they will become reality.(Para.2) [分析]　此句中还含有that引导的同位语从句。 3．“on/upon doing...”意为“一……就……” On leaving high school(高中一毕业), he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter.(Para.3) 4．现在分词的完成式作状语 Having set himself this goal(在立下这一目标后), he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, the Spanish Civil War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others.(Para.3) [分析]　此句中还含有过去分词短语“based on...fishing”作后置定语，修饰novels and short stories。 5．whatever引导让步状语从句 So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter(不管未来你可能会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折), take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.(Para.6) B．根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文 1．As is often the case(如通常的情况那样), making future choices can be challenging. Sometimes we may 2.find ourselves at a crossroads(发现我们自己处于一个十字路口). Choosing a proper career path, for example, is a crucial decision. 3.Making plans and setting goals(制定计划和设定目标) are important as we strive for a better future. 4.On/Upon graduating from high school(高中一毕业), choosing wisely is essential. 5.Having considered various options(在考虑了各种选择后), we can make a decision. 6.Whatever difficulties we may face(无论我们可能面临什么困难), we should be brave. 【层级一　高频词汇诠释】 take action　采取行动 ①(人教选必四U3)We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action. 我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。 ②(译林选必三U4)If your heart breaks like mine at the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever, please take action. 如果你们像我一样，一想到我们无可取代的遗产会永远消失就觉得心碎，那么就请采取行动吧。 take action to do sth.＝take steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 put...into action 将……付诸实施 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal(deal) with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. (2)The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis. (3)毕竟，是我们共同的努力让环保问题得以改善。所以让我们立即行动起来吧。 After all, it is our joint efforts that make a difference to the environmental protection.So let's take action right now． 背诵点 应用文写作之倡议书 come one's way　意外地落在某人头上；偶尔发生在某人身上 ①(教材P2)Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way? 我们能采取行动去影响未来吗？还是应该全然接受现实给予我们的一切？ ②(经典例句) When a challenge comes one's way, it's important to face it with courage and determination. 当挑战来临时，重要的是要勇敢地、坚定地面对它。 (1)make way for...　 给……让路，让……通过 give way (to) 屈服，让步 make one's way 行进；逐步取得成功 lose one's way 迷路 find one's way 找到路；设法到达 (2)by way of 经过，通过 in the/sb.'s way 挡某人的路；妨碍某人 on the/sb.'s way (to) 在(去往……的)路上 all the way 一路上；自始至终 补全句子/完成句子 (1)(人教必修一U2)This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to(去……的路上) the city of Machu Picchu. (2)(译林必修二U3)The Carnival current carried us through the ever-growing sea of people, dancing all the way(自始至终). (3)(译林必修三U3)With all sorts of communication software, physical distance no longer gets in the way(妨碍). (4)The traditional wisdom tells us that we should eagerly catch every opportunity that comes our way(出现在我们身边). 背诵点 应用文写作之建议信 (5)(2024·浙江卷1月读后续写)伊娃在高中的第一周努力保持清醒。她最头疼的事情之一就是在巨大的学校大楼里找路。 Eva spent the first week of high school trying to keep her head above water. One of the major headaches for her was finding her way in the huge school building． ambition　n.追求，理想 ①(教材P3)The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write.　美国作家欧内斯特·海明威出生于1899年，他从少年时代起就一心一意致力于写作。 ②(译林选必二U2)As Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.”　正如顾拜旦认为的那样，“随着奥运会的召开，每一代人都在庆祝它的到来，庆祝它的生活乐趣，庆祝它对未来的信心，庆祝它的远大抱负和向上的意志。” (1)be full of ambition 雄(野)心勃勃 an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 想做某事的雄(野)心 achieve/realize one's ambition 实现某人的理想 (2)ambitious adj. 有抱负的；有野心的 be ambitious for... 渴望获得…… be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The domestically developed C919 plane represents a milestone in China's ambition to come(come) onto the commercial travel market. (2)Young Chinese should be ambitious(ambition) and work hard, living up to the expectations of the country and the people. (3)No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition(ambitious), energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. (4)如果你想实现你的理想，你必须努力学习并做好充分准备，因为机会总是眷顾那些有准备的人。(个人发展与提升) If you want to achieve/realize your ambition, you must study hard and get fully prepared, for opportunities always favor those who are well-prepared. 背诵点 应用文写作之建议信 be forced to do sth.　被迫做某事 ①(教材P4)However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead.　然而，福尔摩斯迷们非常愤怒，这使道尔在巨大的压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。 ②(北师大选必三U7)It is entirely your choice to learn, or to be forced to learn. 选择主动学习还是被迫学习，这完全取决于你自己。 (1)force vt.　　　 强迫，迫使；强行 n. [U]武力，暴力；权力，效力；[C]部队 force sb.to do sth.＝force sb.into doing sth. 强迫/迫使某人做某事 force one's way through/into... 强行通过/进入…… (2)by force 用暴力，强行地 come into force (法律、规则等)开始生效，开始实施 bring/carry/put...into force 使……开始生效 (3)forced adj. 被迫的；勉强的 forceful adj. 强有力的；有说服力的 单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 (1)“I failed again, but I have another chance for the job interview，” Della said with a forced(force) smile. 背诵点 读后续写之情绪描写 (2)When writing, you should use forceful(force) arguments to make the readers accept your opinions. 背诵点 应用文写作之建议信 (3)The police had to enter the building by force to apprehend the suspect. (4)Parking restrictions in the town are going to come into force/be brought/carried/put into force (开始实施) this year, aiming to reduce congestion(拥堵) and improve road safety for all residents. (5)汤姆的突然到来迫使彼得改变了计划，因此彼得不能参加今晚学校的聚会了。 Tom's sudden arrival forced Peter to change his plan, so Peter couldn't attend the school's party tonight. 背诵点 读后续写之情节描写 【层级二　中频词汇积累】 in the face of 面对，面临 (1)face to face 面对面 lose face 丢脸 make a face 做鬼脸 (2)be faced with 面临，面对 face up to 勇敢面对 [微练]——补全句子/一句多译 (1)I am looking forward to meeting you one day to express my heartfelt thanks for your generous help face to face(面对面). 背诵点 应用文写作之感谢信 (2)The greater our achievements，the more we should face up to(勇敢面对) our shortcomings. 背诵点 应用文写作之建议信 (3)面对学习过程中的困难，我们必须寻求有效的策略来克服它，将挑战转化为成长的机会。 →Facing the difficulty in our learning process, we must seek effective strategies to overcome it, turning challenges into opportunities for growth.(现在分词作状语) →Faced with the difficulty in our learning process, we must seek effective strategies to overcome it, turning challenges into opportunities for growth.(过去分词作状语) →In the face of the difficulty in our learning process, we must seek effective strategies to overcome it, turning challenges into opportunities for growth.(介词短语作状语) 背诵点 应用文写作之建议信 correspondent　 n.通讯员，记者 (1)correspond vi.　　　 符合，一致；相应；通信 correspond to 相当于 correspond with 与……通信；与……一致 (2)correspondence n.　　 通信；一致；相当 in correspondence with 和……一致；与……有通信联系 have correspondence with... 与……符合/一致；与……通信 [微练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)The translation of the historical novel does not quite correspond with the original. (2)Your account of the accident had little correspondence (correspond) with the story the other driver told. (3)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。 →You can make better relationships with others only when what you do corresponds with what you say．(correspond v．) →Only when what you do corresponds with what you say can you make better relationships with others.(倒装句) 背诵点 应用文写作之建议信 【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】 ultimately　adv.最后，最终 ①(人教选必一U4)Ultimately, my duty is helping every student to learn. 最后，我的职责是帮助每个学生学习。 ②(译林选必二U3)Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. 最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防疾病的发展。 as引导非限制性定语从句 ①(教材P2)As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality.　正如我们许多人都已经知道的那样，为未来制定计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。 ②(人教必修二U5)As an old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” 正如一句俗语所言：“患难见真情。” as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语： (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“正如、像”，指代整个主句。从句可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号与主句隔开。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句时，意为“这一点”，不可位于句首； (2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被the same、such、as、so等修饰。 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Judging from my own experience, I want to say a few words to those who have the same trouble as I have. 背诵点 应用文写作之发言稿 (2)We have developed a deep friendship through these activities, which has doubled my joy！ 背诵点 应用文写作之活动介绍 (3)俗话说，有志者，事竟成。我们的努力终有回报。 As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way.Our efforts will pay off in time. 背诵点 读后续写之主旨升华 Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．paths to success 成功之路 2．become (a) reality 成为现实 3．a trainee reporter 一名实习记者 4．be nothing compared to... 与……相比微不足道 5．set oneself/sb.a goal 给自己/某人制定目标 6．be single-minded in... 在……上一心一意； 对……专心致志 7．make sb.a household name 使某人家喻户晓 8. kill off 除掉，使某事物停止， 消灭 9．under pressure 在压力之下 10．of one's choice 某人自己的选择 11．be prepared for the unexpected 做好应对意外的准备 12．medical practice 行医；医疗工作 13．in place 就位；在适当的位置 14．twists and turns 迂回曲折 15．approach to life 生活方式，生活态度 16．unfold in contrasting ways 以截然不同的方式展开 17．by contrast 相比之下 18．fall into a deep sleep 进入深度睡眠 19．can't get enough of... 对……如痴如狂 20．in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地 21．bring sb.back from the dead 使某人起死回生 22．in this respect 在这方面 Ⅱ.品句填词 1．Today more and more people are fond of detective(侦探) stories, which might show that everyone wants the justice to be done. 2．My boyhood(少年时代) days were filled with adventures in the woods behind our house where I spent countless hours exploring. 3．As far as I know, one of his greatest ambitions(志向) is to be admitted into a key university. 4．London was a wonderland of historical (历史的) sites，museums，theatres，shops and entertainment. 5．Whatever conclusion you draw ultimately(最终), you have done your best and should be proud of the efforts you have made. 6．The CCTV's correspondents(记者) are reporting the Olympic Games live, providing viewers with up-to-date information and exclusive insights into the events. Ⅲ.词块运用 1．We are taking action(采取行动) to raise the awareness that protecting endangered species is just one of the ways to protect the planet we call home. 2．These poor workers were forced to(被迫) work outside in freezing conditions just to make ends meet. 3．An opportunity came my way because I was motivated and didn't give up in the face of(面对) so many difficulties. 4．With the enthusiastic participation and support of all the students, the activity turned out(结果是) to be a great success. 5．By contrast(相比之下), private schools in this country charge more and have better teaching facilities than public schools. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $