专题五 介词 学案 2026年河北省中考英语语法专题复习

专题五　介词 ＠知识概览 ＠考纲考情分析 #命题点 #考查角度 #涉及题型 #年份及题号 #考查词 #解题依据 地点/方位 介词、方式 介词、其他 介词、介词 短语固定 搭配 地点/方位介词 (5年2考) 单项选择 2022年32题 in 语境 2020年31题 at 语境 时间介词 单项选择 2024年31题 in 语境 其他常用介词(5年7考) 单项选择 2023年31题 in/of/for/with 语境 2021年31题 with 语境 完形填空 2021年47题 without 语境 词语运用 2023年79题 from 固定搭配 2022年75题 to 语境 2020年76题 from 语境 介词短语固定搭配 (5年5考) 词语运用 完形填空 2025年41题 next to 固定搭配 2025年52题 be full of 固定搭配 2024年74题 for 固定搭配 2021年72题 after 固定搭配 2023年46题 at first/at once/ at times/at least 语境 ＠知识梳理 命题点一　地点/方位介词 1. at， on， in 与 to(5年3考) #介词 #含义及用法 #示例 at (2020.31) 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近，旁边”，即： at the train station on (近五年未考查) 表示“在……(的表面)上”或接方位名词，即： There is a cup on the desk. in (2022.32) 表示“在(大地点)”或“在……范围之内”，即： a fish in the river to (近五年未考查) 表示“到……” The teacher walked to the classroom. 2.其他常见的方位介词(词组)(近5年未考查) #介词(词组) #含义及用法 #例句 over 表示“在……正上方”，两者不接触 There are several bridges over the river. under 表示“在……正下方”，两者不接触 The boat sailed under the bridge. above 表示“在……上方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The plane flew above the clouds. below 表示“在……下方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The sun sinks below the horizon. by 表示“在……旁边” Our house is by the river. beside 表示“在……旁边” Come and sit beside me. near 表示“在……附近” I don’t need a car because I live near the city center. behind 表示“在……后面” Danny hid behind a tree. inside 表示“在……里面” They heard an old woman’s voice from inside the house. outside 表示“在外面” Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. next to 表示“紧靠着……；紧挨着……” The bank is next to the hospital. 命题点二　方式介词 1. with， in， on与by( 5年1考) #介词 #含义及用法 #示例 with 用具体的东西，后接表示工具 或身体部位的词 I often do my homework with a pen. in 用语言、声音、原材料等 in English in a low voice I paid in cash. on 通过，使用 on the phone on TV by 用……手段或方式，后接动名词 by reading books 2. by， in 与 on表示交通方式(近5年未考查) (1) in/on＋限定词＋交通工具。如：in his car 开他的车 (2) by＋交通工具。如：by bike 骑自行车 命题点三　时间介词 1. on， at， in， by 与 to(近5年未考查) #介词 #含义及用法 #示例 on 表示具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上，星期几或特定的节日 on Sundays on October 1st on Father’s Day on a cold night at 表示具体的时间点，可用在黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜等时间名词前 at half past nine at noon at night in 用于年、月、世纪、四季或很长的时间段，也可以泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上；“in ＋一段时间”，用于一般将来时 in the 21st century in 2022 in winter in the afternoon in two days by 表示不迟于某一时刻或某一日期之前 We have learnt 1，000 English words by the end of last term. to 表示时间范围，通常与from连用，意为“从……到……” We go to school every weekday from 8：45 a.m. to 3：15 p.m. 2.其他常见的时间介词(近5年未考查) #介词 #含义及用法 #例句 after 表示“……之后”，后接时间点，与将来时连用 She will be back after two o’clock. 表示“……之后”，后接时间段，与过去时连用 He came back after a few days. before 表示“在……之前” You should return home before nine o’clock. since 表示“从过去某时直至现在”，后接时间点，主句用完成时 She has worked here since 1999. from 表示“开始的时间”，谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态 From now on， I will go to school by bike every day. for 表示“动作延续贯穿整个过程”，后接时间段，主句用完成时 I have studied English for eight years. until/till 用在否定句中，表示“直到……才……”；用在肯定句中，表示“直到……为止” The baby didn’t fall asleep until his mom came back. during 表示“在……期间”，强调自始至终 He lives with us during these years. 命题点四　其他常用介词 其他常用介词(5年7考) #介词 #含义 #例句 to (2022.75) 到；向；往；位于…… She says hello to me. with (2021.31) 和；用；有；关于 I’d like to buy a house with a big garden. without (2021.47) 没有 Fish can’t live without water. from (2020.76) 从；从……起；距；来自 Danny comes from Canada. for 为了；到……去；持续达……；对于 My mom bought a pair of shoes for me. about 关于；在各处；四处 They are talking about an interesting movie. across (从表面)穿过，越过 There is a way across the fields. through (从内部)穿过 He leads us through a forest. against 反对；靠着 Smoking in public places is against the law in some countries. along 沿着……；顺着…… Keep left along the wall. as 作为，当作 I feel lucky to have her as my English teacher. besides 除了……之外 We have many other books besides that one. except 除……之外(不包含) All of us clean the classroom except Allen. between 在……之间(两者)；介于……之间 Can you tell the difference between the twins？ among 在……之中(三者或三者以上) Among all the animals， I love dogs best. but 除……之外 He didn’t speak anything but Chinese. down 沿……而下 Walk down the street and you will find the bank. like 像；跟……一样 She is just like her mother. of (表示所属，数量，其中)……的 Most of us have finished our homework. off 离开；脱落；走开 We are off for a while. toward(s) 朝，向 My teacher comes towards me. up 向/在……上(面)；向(高处) Let’s push it up. 命题点五　介词短语固定搭配 1.介词与名词的搭配 (1) at＋n. at the same time同时 at home在家 at present现在 at times偶尔；有时 at college在大学 at night在夜晚 at school在上学 at work上班；在工作 (2) on＋n. on the left/right在左/右边 on duty值日 on foot步行 on purpose故意 on time准时 on business出差 on fire着火；失火 on holiday度假 on sale出售；降价出售 (3) in＋n. (2016.45) in front在前面 in class在课堂上 in detail详细地 in fact事实上 in person亲自 in return作为回报 in silence沉默；无声地 in time及时 in trouble处于困境中 in bed卧床 in danger处于危险中 in doubt怀疑地 in fear害怕 in public公开地 in short总之 in surprise吃惊地 in total总共 in turn轮流 2.介词与副词的搭配 at first首先 at least至少 at last最后 at once立刻；马上 3.其他介词短语(5年4考) look after照顾；关心(2021. 72) look for寻找 after all毕竟 across from在……对面 think of考虑；认为；想起 stand up起立；站起来 according to根据 because of因为 ＠考场实战 Ⅰ.在横线上填入适当的介词。 1.(2025·河北中考41题1分)I put some small pieces of paper and a pen next 　to　 the jug. 2.(2025·河北中考52题1分)Our “Good Things Jug” is full 　of　 love， hope and happiness. 3.(2025·石家庄48中二模)Hu had no choice but to continue managing the stall while looking 　after　 his wife. 4.(2025·河北徐水模拟)At that moment， I realized the importance 　of　 my job. 5.(2025·河北张家口三模)This had a serious influence 　on　 the crops in Zhou’s field. Ⅱ.短文填空。 在横线上填入合适的词。 Dear Betty， 　　How is everything going？ I am very excited to get your e-mail. Now let me tell you 6. 　about　 my life. 　　As you know， I moved to New York with my father three months ago. 7. 　At　 first， I felt very lonely because I didn’t have any friends. But now I have some good friends 8. 　and　 I am used to asking them for help when necessary. My best friend is 9. 　an　 American girl called Grace. She is good 10. 　at　 maths， so she always helps me with my maths. When I get 11. 　into　 trouble， she is usually the first to give me a hand. Last Monday， I hurt my leg in a P.E. class. The doctor asked me to stay in hospital 12. 　for　 several days. After school， Grace went to the hospital and took care 13. 　of　 me carefully. Also， she helped me with my lessons. Thanks 14. 　to　 her kindness， I got well soon and didn’t fall behind my classmates. 　　15. 　By　 the way， I will fly back to London when the summer holiday starts. Then we can have fun together. Yours， Cindy 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题五　介词 ＠知识概览 ＠考纲考情分析 #命题点 #考查角度 #涉及题型 #年份及题号 #考查词 #解题依据 地点/方位 介词、方式 介词、其他 介词、介词 短语固定 搭配 地点/方位介词 (5年2考) 单项选择 2022年32题 in 语境 2020年31题 at 语境 时间介词 单项选择 2024年31题 in 语境 其他常用介词(5年7考) 单项选择 2023年31题 in/of/for/with 语境 2021年31题 with 语境 完形填空 2021年47题 without 语境 词语运用 2023年79题 from 固定搭配 2022年75题 to 语境 2020年76题 from 语境 介词短语固定搭配 (5年5考) 词语运用 完形填空 2025年41题 next to 固定搭配 2025年52题 be full of 固定搭配 2024年74题 for 固定搭配 2021年72题 after 固定搭配 2023年46题 at first/at once/ at times/at least 语境 ＠知识梳理 命题点一　地点/方位介词 1. at， on， in 与 to(5年3考) #介词 #含义及用法 #示例 at (2020.31) 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近，旁边”，即： at the train station on (近五年未考查) 表示“在……(的表面)上”或接方位名词，即： There is a cup on the desk. in (2022.32) 表示“在(大地点)”或“在……范围之内”，即： a fish in the river to (近五年未考查) 表示“到……” The teacher walked to the classroom. 2.其他常见的方位介词(词组)(近5年未考查) #介词(词组) #含义及用法 #例句 over 表示“在……正上方”，两者不接触 There are several bridges over the river. under 表示“在……正下方”，两者不接触 The boat sailed under the bridge. above 表示“在……上方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The plane flew above the clouds. below 表示“在……下方”，两者不接触，不一定垂直 The sun sinks below the horizon. by 表示“在……旁边” Our house is by the river. beside 表示“在……旁边” Come and sit beside me. near 表示“在……附近” I don’t need a car because I live near the city center. behind 表示“在……后面” Danny hid behind a tree. inside 表示“在……里面” They heard an old woman’s voice from inside the house. outside 表示“在外面” Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. next to 表示“紧靠着……；紧挨着……” The bank is next to the hospital. 命题点二　方式介词 1. with， in， on与by( 5年1考) #介词 #含义及用法 #示例 with 用具体的东西，后接表示工具 或身体部位的词 I often do my homework with a pen. in 用语言、声音、原材料等 in English in a low voice I paid in cash. on 通过，使用 on the phone on TV by 用……手段或方式，后接动名词 by reading books 2. by， in 与 on表示交通方式(近5年未考查) (1) in/on＋限定词＋交通工具。如：in his car 开他的车 (2) by＋交通工具。如：by bike 骑自行车 命题点三　时间介词 1. on， at， in， by 与 to(近5年未考查) #介词 #含义及用法 #示例 on 表示具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上，星期几或特定的节日 on Sundays on October 1st on Father’s Day on a cold night at 表示具体的时间点，可用在黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜等时间名词前 at half past nine at noon at night in 用于年、月、世纪、四季或很长的时间段，也可以泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上；“in ＋一段时间”，用于一般将来时 in the 21st century in 2022 in winter in the afternoon in two days by 表示不迟于某一时刻或某一日期之前 We have learnt 1，000 English words by the end of last term. to 表示时间范围，通常与from连用，意为“从……到……” We go to school every weekday from 8：45 a.m. to 3：15 p.m. 2.其他常见的时间介词(近5年未考查) #介词 #含义及用法 #例句 after 表示“……之后”，后接时间点，与将来时连用 She will be back after two o’clock. 表示“……之后”，后接时间段，与过去时连用 He came back after a few days. before 表示“在……之前” You should return home before nine o’clock. since 表示“从过去某时直至现在”，后接时间点，主句用完成时 She has worked here since 1999. from 表示“开始的时间”，谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态 From now on， I will go to school by bike every day. for 表示“动作延续贯穿整个过程”，后接时间段，主句用完成时 I have studied English for eight years. until/till 用在否定句中，表示“直到……才……”；用在肯定句中，表示“直到……为止” The baby didn’t fall asleep until his mom came back. during 表示“在……期间”，强调自始至终 He lives with us during these years. 命题点四　其他常用介词 其他常用介词(5年7考) #介词 #含义 #例句 to (2022.75) 到；向；往；位于…… She says hello to me. with (2021.31) 和；用；有；关于 I’d like to buy a house with a big garden. without (2021.47) 没有 Fish can’t live without water. from (2020.76) 从；从……起；距；来自 Danny comes from Canada. for 为了；到……去；持续达……；对于 My mom bought a pair of shoes for me. about 关于；在各处；四处 They are talking about an interesting movie. across (从表面)穿过，越过 There is a way across the fields. through (从内部)穿过 He leads us through a forest. against 反对；靠着 Smoking in public places is against the law in some countries. along 沿着……；顺着…… Keep left along the wall. as 作为，当作 I feel lucky to have her as my English teacher. besides 除了……之外 We have many other books besides that one. except 除……之外(不包含) All of us clean the classroom except Allen. between 在……之间(两者)；介于……之间 Can you tell the difference between the twins？ among 在……之中(三者或三者以上) Among all the animals， I love dogs best. but 除……之外 He didn’t speak anything but Chinese. down 沿……而下 Walk down the street and you will find the bank. like 像；跟……一样 She is just like her mother. of (表示所属，数量，其中)……的 Most of us have finished our homework. off 离开；脱落；走开 We are off for a while. toward(s) 朝，向 My teacher comes towards me. up 向/在……上(面)；向(高处) Let’s push it up. 命题点五　介词短语固定搭配 1.介词与名词的搭配 (1) at＋n. at the same time同时 at home在家 at present现在 at times偶尔；有时 at college在大学 at night在夜晚 at school在上学 at work上班；在工作 (2) on＋n. on the left/right在左/右边 on duty值日 on foot步行 on purpose故意 on time准时 on business出差 on fire着火；失火 on holiday度假 on sale出售；降价出售 (3) in＋n. (2016.45) in front在前面 in class在课堂上 in detail详细地 in fact事实上 in person亲自 in return作为回报 in silence沉默；无声地 in time及时 in trouble处于困境中 in bed卧床 in danger处于危险中 in doubt怀疑地 in fear害怕 in public公开地 in short总之 in surprise吃惊地 in total总共 in turn轮流 2.介词与副词的搭配 at first首先 at least至少 at last最后 at once立刻；马上 3.其他介词短语(5年4考) look after照顾；关心(2021. 72) look for寻找 after all毕竟 across from在……对面 think of考虑；认为；想起 stand up起立；站起来 according to根据 because of因为 ＠考场实战 Ⅰ.在横线上填入适当的介词。 1.(2025·河北中考41题1分)I put some small pieces of paper and a pen next 　 　 the jug. 2.(2025·河北中考52题1分)Our “Good Things Jug” is full 　 　 love， hope and happiness. 3.(2025·石家庄48中二模)Hu had no choice but to continue managing the stall while looking 　 　 his wife. 4.(2025·河北徐水模拟)At that moment， I realized the importance 　 　 my job. 5.(2025·河北张家口三模)This had a serious influence 　 　 the crops in Zhou’s field. Ⅱ.短文填空。 在横线上填入合适的词。 Dear Betty， 　　How is everything going？ I am very excited to get your e-mail. Now let me tell you 6. 　 　 my life. 　　As you know， I moved to New York with my father three months ago. 7. 　 　 first， I felt very lonely because I didn’t have any friends. But now I have some good friends 8. 　 　 I am used to asking them for help when necessary. My best friend is 9. 　 　 American girl called Grace. She is good 10. 　 　 maths， so she always helps me with my maths. When I get 11. 　 　 trouble， she is usually the first to give me a hand. Last Monday， I hurt my leg in a P.E. class. The doctor asked me to stay in hospital 12. 　 　 several days. After school， Grace went to the hospital and took care 13. 　 　 me carefully. Also， she helped me with my lessons. Thanks 14. 　 　 her kindness， I got well soon and didn’t fall behind my classmates. 　　15. 　 　 the way， I will fly back to London when the summer holiday starts. Then we can have fun together. Yours， Cindy 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $