内容正文:
情态动词
Modal Verb
Learning Objectives
1. You are able to know the definition and common modal verbs.
2.You are able to master how to use modal verbs in practice
Task 1 定义
表示说话人的语气、情感和态度,这样的动词称为情态动词。。
常用的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, will, would, shall, should, need, dare等
情态动词
Modal Verb
情态动词
Modal Verb Task 2 特征
情态动词 + V原
1、情态动词+动词原形
2、不能单独做谓语,要和动词原形一起构成谓语动词
3. 无人称和数的变化
特征
例句
1.You should go to bed early.
2.Jim can play football
情态动词
Modal Verb Task 3 常见用法
Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?
1、can, could 的用法
1). 表示能力、技能。
2). 表示请求、允许。
--- Can I leave now? 我现在可以离开了吗?
--- Yes, you can. ( No, you can’t.)
3). 表示推测,译为“可能”,常用于否定句、疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。
The man can't be our teacher—he has gone to Beijing.
那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。
4 can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes,...can”;否定回答用“No,...can't.”
—Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?
—Yes,I can.是的,我会。/No,I can't.不,我不会。
小试牛刀
-Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?
--No. It _____be Tom. He has gone to Paris.
A. may not B. needn't C. can't
解析:因为汤姆不在这里,所以不可能是他。
一Mary,__________you speak Chinese?
一Yes,only a little.
A must B need C may D.can
c
D
2、may, might 的用法
1). 表请求和允许,might比may语气更委婉。
—Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?
我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?
—Yes,you may.是的,你可以
2). 表示推测可能(might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句),might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
He may/ might be busy now.
他可能现在很忙吧。
拓展: may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes,...may./Yes,of course./Yes,certainly.”;否定回答用“No,...can't/mustn't.”。
—Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?
—Yes,you may.是的,你可以。/No,you can't/mustn't.不,不可以
3.must的用法
(1)表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气
(2)You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。
mustn't表示禁止,意为“千万不要,禁止”,是说话人强有力的劝告
You mustn't play with the knife or you may hurt yourself.禁止玩刀,否则你可能会伤到自己。
表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为“想必,一定”,否定句中用can't/couldn't来代替
Will/ Would you please pass me the ball, please?
您能递给我这个球吗?
Would you like to go with me?
你想和我一起去吗?
4.will, would的用法
-will表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
5.should的用法
(1).表达义务、职责等,应当..
I think today’s children should really learn to respect their elders.
我认为当今的孩子应该好好学习尊敬长辈。
Will/ Would you please pass me the ball, please?
您能递给我这个球吗?
Would you like to go with me?
你想和我一起去吗?
4.will, would的用法
-will表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
5.should的用法
1.表达义务、职责等,应当..
I think today’s children should really learn to respect their elders.
我认为当今的孩子应该好好学习尊敬长辈。
1). need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。
You needn’t come so early. 你不必这么早来。
--- Need I finish the work today?
我有必要今天完成作业吗?
--- Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。
(No, you needn’t.)(不,你不必。)
6、need
2)need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化
need后面只能接带to的不定式
He needs to finish his homework today. 他今天需要完成作业
3). need后面接doing表示被动:need doing = need to be done.
The washing machine needs repairing. = The washing machine needs to be repaired.
常用问答语
--May I have a dance with you?
--Yes, you may.
--No, you mustn‘t/can’t/may not.
--Can you feel my heart?
--Yes, I can.
--No, I can't.
--Must I reply to you right away?
--Yes, you must./
--No, you needn't./ you don't have to.
--Need I get you a glass of water?
--Yes, you must./
--No, you needn't./ don't have to.
--Will you have a talk with me?
--Yes, I will.
--No, I won't/ can't.
-Could I use your phone?
Yes, of course you can.(肯定回答不能用could)
--Shall I have a talk with you?
--Yes, you can.
--No, you can't.
【当堂练习】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.—Excuse me,can I borrow this book?
—Sure,but you ________ return it by the end of this term.
A.can
B.can't
C.must
D.mustn't
解析:C 句意:——对不起,我能借这本书吗?——当然可以,但你必须在本学期结束前归还。考查情态动词。can能,可以;can't不能,不可以;must必须;mustn't禁止。根据句中转折连词but可知,这里指必须学期结束前归还。故选C。
2.—Simon,I'm afraid we can't complete the model spaceship this afternoon.
—Well,we ________ finish it today.It's fine if we give it to Mr Wang tomorrow.
A.can't
B.mustn't
C.needn't
D.shouldn't
解析:C 句意:——Simon,恐怕今天下午我们完成不了宇宙飞船模型了。——好的,我们今天不必把它做完。我们明天给王先生就可以了。考查情态动词。can't不可能;mustn't禁止;needn't不必;shouldn't不应该。根据“It's fine if we give it to Mr Wang tomorrow”可知,不必今天做完。故选C。
3.—May I fish here?
—Sorry,you ________ .Look at the sign “No fishing”!
A.may
B.mustn't
C.can
D.needn't
解析:B 句意:——我可以在这里钓鱼吗?——对不起,你不能。看那个牌子“禁止钓鱼”!考查情态动词。may可以;mustn't禁止;can能;needn't不需要;根据“Look at the sign ‘No fishing’!”可知,钓鱼是禁止的,“May I ...”的否定回答用can't或者mustn't。故选B。
4.—Must we clean the classroom now?
—________ .You can clean it after school.
A.Yes,you must
B.Yes,you can
C.No,you needn't
D.No,you mustn't
解析:C 句意:——我们现在必须打扫教室吗?——不,你不必。放学后你可以打扫。考查情态动词及情景交际。Yes,you must是的,你必须;Yes,you can是的,你可以;No,you needn't不,你不必;No,you mustn't不,你不能;根据“You can clean it after school.”可知,此处应该是否定回答,“Must I ...”的否定回答用needn't。故选C。
5.We ________ try our best to fight against pollution.
A.should
B.may
C.mustn't
D.needn't
解析:A 句意:我们应该尽力与污染做斗争。考查情态动词。should应该;may也许;mustn't禁止;needn't不必。分析“We ________ try our best to fight against pollution.”可知,此处强调义务,“应该”符合语境。故选A。
6.—Nick,________ you like to join us to the museum?
—Why not? Let's go.
A.can
B.could
C.would
D.must
解析:C 句意:——Nick,你愿意和我们一起去博物馆吗?——为什么不呢?我们去吧。考查情态动词辨析。can可以;could可以;would将;must必须,根据“Why not? Let's go.”可知,空缺处应该是表示征求意见,would like to do sth.“想要做某事”表示征求意见,故选C。
7.—Hey,boys! Do you know whom the running shoes belong to?
—Hello,Mr Clark.They ________ be Jessica's.She often wears such shoes in our class.
A.must
B.can't
C.would
D.needn't
解析:A 句意:——嗨,孩子们!你们知道这双跑步鞋是谁的吗?——你好,Clark老师。它们一定是Jessica的。她经常在我们班里穿这样的鞋子。考查情态动词。must必须,或表示比较很有把握的肯定推测,意为“一定,准是”;can't不能,或表示否定的猜测,意为“不可能”;would会,will的过去式,表示过去的意愿,或表示委婉的请求;needn't不需要。根据“She often wears such shoes in our class.”可知她经常穿这样的鞋子,由此可以比较有把握地推测这双鞋子一定是Jessica的。故选A。
8.According to the new traffic rules,people ________ wear a helmet when riding an ebike.
A.can
B.may
C.need
D.must
解析:D 句意:根据新的交通规则,人们骑电动车时必须戴头盔。考查情态动词。根据“According to the new traffic rules”及语境可知,这里是说骑电动车必须戴头盔,故选D。
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