内容正文:
Unit 3 Learning About Language
1、回顾动词不定式(短语)作主语的用法、关键注意事项及高频易错点;
2、阅读课本P28—P29内容,自主预习Learning About Language小节基础知识内容,并根据语法知识点填写本节预习任务,把握本课重难点。
动词不定式(短语)作主语
1. 基本定义与结构:动词不定式(短语)作主语,指的是将 “to + 动词原形”(或省略 to 的不定式)置于句首或句中,承担句子主语的功能,表示具体的动作、目的、计划或将要发生的行为。
基本结构:①__________________。
短语形式:To do sth. + 状语 / 定语等构成不定式短语,整体作主语。
2. 核心用法与句式
(1)直接位于句首作主语。这种用法语气正式,常用于书面语,强调不定式所表示的动作。
(2)用②__________________作形式主语,将真正的不定式主语后置。这是最常用的句式,避免句子头重脚轻,使结构更平衡,语气更自然。
基本句型:③____________________________________
(3)不定式短语作主语时的主谓一致。不定式(短语)作主语时,谓语动词一律用④__________________形式。
3. 特殊情况:省略 to 的不定式作主语
通常情况下,不定式作主语需带 to,但在特定的固定句式中,可省略 to,常见于以下两种情况:
1. 在 “do + 主语 + do sth.” 的⑤__________________句型中。
2. 在 “主语 + be + to do” 的结构中,若主语部分含有⑥__________________的某种形式,表语中的不定式可省略 to。
4. 与动名词作主语的辨析
不定式和动名词都可作主语,二者在含义和用法上有明显区别,需重点掌握:
(1)含义差异:不定式作主语通常表示具体的、一次性的、将要发生的动作;动名词作主语则表示抽象的、习惯性的、泛指的动作。
(2)句式适配:不定式作主语更常用于 “it 作形式主语” 的句式;动名词作主语可直接位于句首,也可用于 It is no use/good doing sth. 等固定句型。
5. 高频考点与易错点
(1)for sb. 与 of sb. 的辨析
可通过 “形容词能否修饰人” 判断,若形容词能描述⑦__________________(如 kind, brave, stupid 等),用 of sb.;若形容词描述⑧__________________(如 important, necessary, difficult 等),用 for sb.。
(2)不定式的否定式作主语
直接在 to 前加 not,即 Not to do sth. + 谓语,或 ⑨____________________________________.
(3)并列不定式作主语
若两个或多个不定式并列作主语,谓语动词仍用⑩__________________;若表示不同的动作,也可根据语境用复数,但更常用单数形式。
1、 重点单词
1.
1. __________________ n. 政策;方针
2. footprint __________________
3. __________________ v. 限制;约束;限定
4. __________________ n. 限制;约束;规定
5. __________________ v. 抓住;夺取;利用(机会)
6. basin __________________
7. penguin __________________
8. __________________ v. 改革;改进;改造
9. __________________ v. 经历;经受;遭受
10. __________________ v. 实施;执行;落实
11. __________________ adj.和谐的
12. __________________ adj. 温和的;适中的;适度的
13. __________________ v. 提交;屈服;顺从
14. annual __________________
15. tropical __________________
16. chaos __________________
1.
2、 重点短语
1.
1. live in harmony with... __________________
2. __________________ 唤醒……的意识
3. __________________ 保护…… 免受…… 伤害
4. __________________ 被……覆盖
5. __________________ 挤满了……
6. turn off __________________
7. die out __________________
8. __________________ 拆除;推倒
9. save energy __________________
10. get damaged __________________
三、完成句子
1. “I will come and see you again this evening, Tom, ”she said.
→She told Tom that _________ would go and see _________ again that evening.
2. He said to me, “You are wrong.”
→ He told me that _________ was wrong.
3. The teacher said, “You are doing OK. ”
→The teacher said that _________ _________ doing OK.
4. She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV? ”
→She asked me __________________ I _________ watching the advertisements on TV.
5. He said, “Don't make so much noise, boys. ”
→ He told the boys _________ _________ _________so much noise.
1. He said, “I will go to Beijing tomorrow.” He said that ______ to Beijing ______.
A. he will go; the next day B. he would go; tomorrow
C. he would go; the next day D. he will go; tomorrow
2. She asked me, “Where did you find the book?” She asked me where ______ the book.
A. I found B. had I found C. I had found D. did I find
3. The teacher said, “Don't talk in class.” The teacher told us ______ in class.
A. don't talk B. not talk C. not to talk D. to not talk
4. Tom said, “I have finished my homework.” Tom said that he ______ his homework.
A. has finished B. had finished C. finished D. finishes
5. My mother asked, “Are you interested in painting?” My mother asked me ______ interested in painting.
A. whether I was B. if was I C. that I was D. whether was I
答案及解析
温故知新·基础填空
温故——课前知识链接
①To do sth. + 谓语 + 其他成分
②it
③It + be + 形容词 / 名词 + (for/of sb.) + to do sth.
④第三人称单数
⑤强调
⑥实义动词 do
⑦人的品质
⑧事物的性质
⑨It is + 形容词 + not to do sth.
⑩单数
知新——课本研习梳理
一、重点单词
1. policy
2. n.足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积
3. restrict
4. restriction
5. seize
6. n.流域;盆地;盆
7. n.企鹅
8. reform
9. undergo
10. implement
11. harmonious
12. moderate
13. submit
14. adj.每年的;一年的n.年刊;年鉴
15. adj.热带的;来自热带的
16. n. 混乱;紊乱;无序
二、重点短语
1. 与…… 和谐共处
2. raise awareness of...
3. protect...from...
4. be covered with
5. be crowded with
6. 关掉
7. 灭绝;消失;绝迹
8. tear down
9. 节约能源
10. 遭到破坏
三、完成句子
1. she; him
2. I
3. I; was
4. whether/if; liked
5. not; to; make
基础过关·课前自测
1. 答案:C
解析:直接引语是一般将来时(will go),转为间接引语时要变为过去将来时(would go);时间状语 “tomorrow” 在间接引语中要改为 “the next day”。
2. 答案:C
解析:直接引语是一般过去时(did find),转为间接引语时要变为过去完成时(had found);同时,特殊疑问句的语序要改为陈述语序(主语 + 谓语)。
3. 答案:C
解析:直接引语是否定祈使句(Don't...),转为间接引语时要用 “tell sb. not to do sth.” 的结构,因此是 “not to talk”。
4. 答案:B
解析:直接引语是现在完成时(have finished),转为间接引语时要变为过去完成时(had finished),以保持时态的一致性。
5. 答案:A
解析:直接引语是一般疑问句,转为间接引语时要用 “whether/if + 陈述语序”;同时,直接引语中的一般现在时(are)要变为一般过去时(was)。
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