内容正文:
定语从句
1. She is a girl. She likes reading.
2. This is a book. The book is about history.
“如何将这两组句子合并成一个结构更简洁的句子?”
1. She is a girl who likes reading.
2. This is a book which is about history.
核心概念:什么是定语从句?
定义:在句子中充当“定语”成分的从句,用来修饰名词或代词,相当于一个“形容词”。
位置:通常紧跟在被修饰的名词(先行词)之后。
结构:先行词 + 关系词(who/which/that等)+ 从句
关系词:连接主句和定语从句的词(如上句中的who, which),其作用有二:
① 指代先行词;
② 在从句中充当一定成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词(如上句中的girl, book)。
关系词选择:看“人”还是看“物”?
例句速记:
• 人:The girl who is singing is my sister. (who作主语)
• 物:The book which you lent me is interesting. (which作宾语)
• 通用:I like the song that has a good rhythm. (that指物)
重点辨析:that与which的用法区别
两者都可指代物,多数情况下可互换,但以下情况只能用that:
① 先行词是不定代词(all, everything, nothing, something等):Everything that he said is true.
② 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰:This is the best film that I have ever seen.
③ 先行词既有人又有物:We talked about the people and places that we visited.
以下情况常用which(非限制性定语从句中):The book, which I read last month, is very interesting.(逗号后不可用that)
进阶技巧:关系词何时能省略?
• The man (who/whom) I met yesterday is a doctor. (who/whom作宾语,可省略)
• The book (which) I bought is expensive.
(which作宾语,可省略)
当先行词是时间、地点、原因时,除了用‘介词+关系代词’,还能用到什么词?
系副词when/where/why。
关系副词的用法
1. 定义:关系副词是连接主句和定语从句的副词,指代先行词(时间/地点/原因),在从句中充当状语(时间状语、地点状语、原因状语)。
关键点强调:
◦ 关系副词=介词+关系代词(which),可相互转换,帮助学生理解其本质。
◦ 当先行词是time, way, occasion等时,关系副词可省略或用that:I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks.
拓展延伸:非限制性定语从句初步认知
1. 简单介绍:非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,对先行词进行补充说明(去掉后不影响主句意思),不可用that引导。
2. 例句:My sister, who is a doctor, works in Beijing.(我姐姐是一名医生,她在北京工作)
3. 强调:非限制性定语从句中,关系代词不可省略,且不能用that。
五、 随堂小测
1. The boy ______ is playing basketball is my cousin.
2. This is the house ______ I lived in ten years ago.
3. He is the most hardworking student ______ I know.
who/that (指人,作主语)
which/that (指物,作宾语)
that (最高级,只能用that)
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