UNIT 4 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式作定语和状语这一核心语法点，先系统梳理不定式的四种形式（一般主动式、一般被动式、完成被动式、进行式），再分别阐述其作定语（修饰序数词、抽象名词等）和状语（表目的、原因、结果）的用法，构建从形式到功能的学习支架。 该资料以教材例句和高考真题为依托，通过语法填空、写作练习等设计，助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力，在分析不同用法差异中培养思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可通过练习巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures 动词不定式作定语和状语 一、动词不定式的各种形式 (1)(教材P40)Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.　如今，科学家们研制出飞行器将宇航员送入太空进行重大发现。 (2)We take it for granted that everyone should have the chance to be educated. 我们认为人人都应该有受教育的机会是理所当然的。 (3)We consider ourselves privileged to have been invited to give a speech here. 我们认为被邀请到这里做演讲是我们的荣幸。 (4)The boy pretended to be reading when the teacher came in. 老师进来时，男孩假装在看书。 句(1)中的黑体部分为动词不定式的一般主动式；句(2)中的黑体部分为动词不定式的一般被动式；句(3)中的黑体部分为动词不定式的完成被动式；句(4)中的黑体部分为动词不定式的进行式。 主动语态 被动语态 意　义 一般式 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 进行式 to be doing 表示动作与谓语动词所表示的动作是同时发生的，而且正在进行 单句语法填空 (1)(2024·浙江卷1月)However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra to benefit(benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. (2)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. (3)When the boss came in, the workers pretended to be working(work) hard on their machines. (4)All the students got very excited at the news that the scientist, who was reported to have won(win) the Nobel Prize, was coming to their school. (5)The two passengers occupying seats were reported to have been banned(ban) from taking trains for 180 days. 二、动词不定式作定语 (1)(教材P40)On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. 1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 (2)(教材P41)However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，探索宇宙的渴望却永不磨灭。 (3)He is known for his ability to speak four languages. 他以会说四种语言而闻名。 (4)He finally found a good house to live in. 他终于找到了一所好房子住。 句(1)中的动词不定式to enter space作定语，修饰the first person；句(2)中的动词不定式to explore the universe作定语，修饰the desire；句(3)中的动词不定式to speak four languages作定语，修饰his ability；句(4)中的动词不定式to live in作定语，修饰a good house，其中in不能省略。 1．动词不定式作定语时，修饰名词或代词，动词不定式和它所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系，动词不定式位于所修饰的词之后。 2．动词不定式作定语可表示还未发生的动作。 3．序数词、形容词最高级或the last、the only、the next等后常用动词不定式作定语。 4．抽象名词attempt、ability、chance、desire、determination、decision、plan、way或不定代词something、nothing等后常用动词不定式作定语。 5．如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应有相应的介词。 单句语法填空 (1)(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step to journey(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. (2)The plum trees are the first to flower(flower) even as the snow is melting. (3)We'd better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest to be held(hold) in Shanghai next month. (4)His ability to get(get) on well with people is his chief advantage. (5)Give me a piece of paper to write on． 三、动词不定式作状语 (1)(教材P41)Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. 之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车抵达月球，开展对月球表面的研究。 (2)They were very surprised to be informed of the news. 他们听到这个消息感到非常惊讶。 (3)Mr.Green hurried to the store, only to find it was closed. 格林先生匆忙赶到商店，结果发现它关门了。 句(1)中的动词不定式to study its surface作目的状语；句(2)中的动词不定式to be informed of the news作原因状语；句(3)中的动词不定式to find it was closed作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 动词不定式在句中作状语时，主要用来表示目的、原因及结果等。 1．作目的状语时，常置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order或so as组成短语(so as to do...不置于句首)。 2．作原因状语时，常见于“sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do...”结构中。 3．作结果状语时，常见于“too...to...”“enough to...”“so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)”“only to do(表示意料之外的结果)”结构中。 现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。 单句语法填空 (1)Yesterday I went to see her, only to learn(learn) that she had gone abroad a week before. (2)Jack has made great progress, making(make) his parents very happy. (3)(2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) to teach(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. (4)I'm sorry to take(take) up so much of your valuable time. (5)I am honoured to be invited(invite) to give you a lecture here. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．You must feel very upset when you get to my office on time, only to find(find) me fail to arrive. 2．What's worse, many of the houses were seriously damaged, leaving(leave) over 100 people homeless. 3．He is very disappointed because there are no tickets to be sold(sell) for the concert. 4．In our school, he is the only student to attend(attend) the important meeting. 5．My friend told me he had a lot of readings to complete(complete) before the end of the term. 6．I am glad to deliver(deliver) a speech at the opening ceremony on behalf of our school. 7．These courses offer us opportunities to improve(improve) our abilities to appreciate art. 8．Mike found that he had no chair to sit on/in in the room. 9．Would you be so kind as to spare(spare) some time to come and join us? 10．The best way to improve(improve) your English is to join an English club. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．他急急忙忙赶到售票处，却被告知已经没有票了。 He hurried to the ticket office, only to be told no ticket was available． 2．我建议我们下周再会面以进一步讨论这个项目。 I suggest we meet again next week to discuss the project further． 3．我写信邀请你和我们一起参加将在我们学校举办的“外国学生讲中国故事”活动。 I'm writing to invite you to join us in the “Foreign Students Tell Chinese Stories” to be held in our school． 4．汤姆是最后一个到达机场的人。 Tom is the last one to arrive at the airport． 5．实验失败了，导致了珍贵数据的丢失。 The experiment failed, leading to the loss of valuable data． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $