UNIT 4 Period 2 Reading and Thinking-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义围绕太空探索主题的阅读与语言运用展开，系统梳理从词汇基础（如procedure、frontier等词汇匹配）到阅读技能（体裁识别、结构分析、主旨与细节理解），再到语法与词汇拓展（如“not only...but also...”句型、determined等词汇用法）的学习脉络，构建从输入到输出的完整学习支架。 该资料以语言能力培养为核心，通过词汇匹配、阅读细节题和语法填空训练语言理解与表达，结合阅读结构分析（如Activity 1的结构填空）提升思维品质，借助词汇拓展与句型应用（如重点句型的句式升级）发展学习能力。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后助力学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Period 2　Reading and Thinking 　《教材助读＋语基默写》见分册本 1．procedure　 A．a line that separates two countries，etc. 2．frontier B．the whole of space and everything in it 3．Determine C．to decide definitely to do sth. 4．launch D．to start an activity, especially an organized one 5．desire E．not depending on another for livelihood; capable of thinking or acting for oneself 6．universe F.a strong wish to have or do sth. 7．independent G.to be a sign that sth. exists or is likely to happen 8．signal H.a way of doing sth., especially the usual or correct way 答案：1～5.HACDF　6～8.BEG Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure 1．Genre：________ A．Exposition (说明文). B．Narration (记叙文). C．Argumentation (议论文). 答案：A 2．Structure and Clues： 答案：(1)vehicles　(2)orbited　(3)first　(4)moon　(5)died　(6)successfully　(7)surface　(8)signaled　(9)further Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea What does the passage mainly talk about? It mainly talks about the space exploration of mankind． Activity 3　Reading for Details 1．Read Part 1 and answer the following question. What do scientists do to find out the secrets of the universe? A．Look up at the stars. B．Design vehicles to carry astronauts into space. C．Transmit data back to Earth. D．Establish a space station. 答案：B 2．Read Part 2 and answer the following questions. (1)What does the word “this” in “Following this, there were many more important space achievements.” (Para.2) refer to? A．The launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite. B．Yuri Gagarin's going into space. C．The study of deep space. D．Neil Armstrong's walk on the moon. 答案：D (2)Why do people still want to explore the universe despite the disasters? Because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration. (3)What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us? A．China is the third country in the world to send humans into space. B．Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 4 spacecraft. C．China has made great progress in space exploration in recent years. D．The Tiangong Space Station will allow astronauts to conduct experiments. 答案：C 3．Read Part 3 and answer the following question. What's many countries' attitude to the space exploration? A．Supportive.　　　　 B．Neutral. C．Objective. D．Negative. 答案：A People have always wondered about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was only 1.a dream. However, 2.with the help of scientists, people succeeded in realising their dream 3.to explore(explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 4.was launched(launch) by the USSR. 5.Although/Though/While scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. While such disasters brought much sadness and 6.disappointment(disappoint), people still believe in the importance of 7.carrying(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to 8.independently(independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second 9.manned(man) orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable 10.discoveries(discovery) that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. 1．What does the title “SPACE：THE FINAL FRONTIER” mean to you? Share your ideas with the whole class. ________________________________________________________________________ 2．If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you do at present? ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．giant adj. A．舱；组件；模块 2．leap n. B．巨大的；伟大的 3．transmit vt.& vi. C．太空行走；太空行走的时间 4．spacecraft n. D．传输；发送 5．spacewalk n. E．航天器；宇宙飞船 6．jade n. F．跳跃；剧增；剧变 7．module n. G．玉；翡翠；玉器 答案：1～5.BFDEC　6～7.GA Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．a famous astronaut 一位著名的宇航员 2．legal procedure 法律程序 3．succeed in making rockets 成功制造火箭 4．escape Earth's gravity 摆脱地球的引力 5．the final frontier 最后的边境 6．electric vehicle 电动汽车 7．weather satellite 气象卫星 8．launch a space probe 发射太空探测仪 9．orbit around Earth 环绕地球飞行 10．one giant leap for mankind 对人类来说是一大步 11．travel agency 旅行社 12．data collection 数据收集 13．a warning signal 警告信号 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1.mental ['mentl] adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.精神上地；智力上地 2．intelligent [In'telIdʒənt] adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligently adv.聪明地，明智地→intelligence n．智慧，智力 3．determined [dI'tɜːmInd] adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心 4．disappointment [ˌdIsə'pɔIntmənt] n．失望；沮丧→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的；令人沮丧的 5．desire [dI'zaIə(r)] n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的→desirable adj.理想的；可取的 6．universe ['juːnIvɜːs] n．宇宙，天地万物→universal adj.普遍的，全体的，全世界的；普遍存在的，广泛适用的 7．independently [ˌIndI'pendəntli] adv.独立地；自立地→independent adj.独立的；自立的→independence n．独立 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．They'll succeed in(成功) working out the problem because they never give up. 2．The boat appeared a second time eight years later in the same spot, with all the six sailors alive on board(在船上). 3．We have made approaches to them in the hope of(抱着……的希望) establishing a business relationship. 4．I'll get up early so as to(为了) be ready when you come. 5．If you carry on(继续) working like that, you will break down sooner or later. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 A．根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．“not only...but (also)...”意为“不但……而且……” Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training(不但要学习如何使用太空设备，而且还要进行大量的心理和身体训练). 2．动名词(短语)作主语 Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space(太空旅行) was only a dream that could never come true.(Para.2) [分析]　此句中felt后为省略引导词that的宾语从句；句中还含有that引导的定语从句。 3．the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first p erson in the world to enter space(世界上第一个进入太空的人).(Para.2) 4．“This/That is because...”意为“这/那是因为……” This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration(这是因为人们还是坚信继续太空探索的重要性) despite the huge risks.(Para.3) [分析]　此句中还含有“介词despite＋名词”作状语。 5．现在分词(短语)作状语 This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe(推动了我们对宇宙的理解).(Para.4) B．根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文 Whether it is necessary to carry on space exploration has sparked a heated debate in our class. Different people hold different opinions. Some argue that it's not necessary. 1.Not only does space exploration demand a large amount of money and time, but it also causes us to ignore present problems (太空探索不仅需要大量的资金和时间，而且会导致我们忽视目前存在的问题) that need urgent attention. However, other students think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. 2.This is because space exploration promotes the development of our society(这是因为太空探索促进了我们社会的发展). For example, by analyzing data from space, scientists can provide farmers with reliable information, hence 3.improving the output and efficiency(提高产量和效率). Space exploration is about pushing the boundaries of human beings with great rewards. Therefore, I firmly support space exploration, which is a symbol of a nation's comprehensive strength. China has been 4.the first country to build a space station independently(第一个独立建造空间站的国家). I am firmly convinced that in the not-so-distant future, 5.travelling freely in space(在太空中自由旅行) will become a reality. 【层级一　高频词汇诠释】 determined　adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的 ①(教材P40)However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. 然而，科学家们下定决心要实现这一梦想。 ②(外研必修二U5)In 2013, I was determined to make my dream come true: I would become Australia's first professional photo blogger.　2013年，我决心实现自己的梦想：成为澳大利亚第一个职业拍照博主。 ③(译林必修二U4)The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.　第一步是确定它的一些重要特质。 (1)be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态) (2)determine v. 查明；确定；决定 determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 (3)determination n. 决心；决定 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)The government showed its determination(determine) to take control of the situation. (2)I am determined to make(make) use of my spare time to do exercise. (3)The quantity, quality and struction of teachers determine on/upon the level of research, the teaching qualities and benefit. (4)她决定毕业后当一位著名的建筑师。(个人发展与提升) →She determined to become a famous architect after graduation. →She determined on/upon becoming a famous architect after graduation. 背诵点　读后续写之人物描写 disappointment　n.失望；沮丧 ①(教材P41)However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望，探索宇宙的渴望却永不磨灭。 ②(外研必修一U1)You must have had some moments when you were disappointed. 你一定有过一些失望的时刻。 ③(北师大选必二U6)There are many times I have been pessimistic about or even disappointed by a film of a book I love.　有很多次我喜欢的书籍被拍成电影，我都不看好，甚至很失望。 (1)(much) to one's disappointment 使某人感到(非常)失望的是 in disappointment 失望地 (2)disappoint vt. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 (3)disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 be disappointed at/about/with/in/by... 对……感到失望 be disappointed to do sth. 做某事感到失望 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)This result is very disappointing(disappoint) and we don't know what to say. (2)When he saw the grade on his test paper, a disappointed(disappoint) look crossed his face. 背诵点　读后续写之神态描写 (3)The fans walked away in disappointment when the concert was cancelled. 背诵点　读后续写之动作描写 (4)He was disappointed at/with/about/in/by the decision made by the committee. (5)令我失望的是我的朋友一直和我保持距离。 →What disappoints me is that my friend has kept me at a distance.(disappoint v．) →To my disappointment, my friend has kept me at a distance.(disappointment n．) →I am disappointed that my friend has kept me at a distance.(disappointed adj.) →What makes me disappointed is that my friend has kept me at a distance.(disappointed adj.) desire　n.渴望；欲望　vt.渴望；期望 ①(外研必修三U5)Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result. 研究还表明，我们寻求冒险的渴望可能与我们期望从结果中获益的程度有关。 ②(译林必修一U2)You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents' love and support.　你既有对独立的新渴望，又有对父母的爱和支持的持续的需求。 ③(经典例句)Actually, all of us desire to achieve success, but sometimes our actions don't correspond with what we desire.　实际上，我们所有人都渴望成功，但有时侯我们的行动与渴望并不一致。 (1)have a desire (2)desire(...)to do sth. 希望/渴望(……)做某事 desire that...(should) do sth. 希望/渴望……(应该)做某事 (3)desirable adj. 可取的；值得拥有的 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)The process is painful, but the result is desirable(desire). (2)She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much. (3)On hearing the news, we were extremely excited and couldn't resist the desire to take(take) part in. 背诵点　读后续写之心理描写 (4)我们渴望立刻援助那些被洪水围困的当地的村民们。 →We desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.(desire v．) →We desire to give immediate help to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.(desire v．) →We have a desire to give immediate help to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.(desire n．) →We have a desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.(desire n．) carry on　继续做，坚持干 ①(北师大必修二U5)Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.　斯科特和两名队员继续前进，到达了离他们的一处食品储备点不足11英里的地方。 ②(译林选必三U2) As well as doing these biological experiments, we carry out experiments in other research fields.　除了做这些生物学实验外，我们还在其他研究领域进行实验。 (1)carry on (with) sth.　　　 继续某事 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 (2)carry out 执行；实施 carry off 夺走；带走；赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等) carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work. (2)All of us would like to see the plan carried out next year. (3)At last week's contest, John carried off nearly all the prizes. (4)It was my mother that carried me through my hard time in middle school. (5)为此，我会继续坚持锻炼，健身运动已经成为我生活中必不可少的部分了。(倡导健康生活) So I will carry on training, and fitness has already become a key part of my life. 【层级二　中频词汇积累】 signal　vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n.信号；标志 (1)signal (to) sb. to do sth.　 示意某人做某事 signal (sb.) that... 示意(某人)…… signal...to sb. 向某人示意…… (2)a signal for... 一个……的信号 [微练]——单句语法填空 (1)The police signaled the traffic to move(move) forward slowly. (2)When he closes his book, it's a signal for everyone to stand up. (3)We signaled to the driver in the hope of stopping him before he drove into the river. in the hope of doing sth.　抱着……的希望 (1)in the hope that... 希望…… (2)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 hope for 希望，期待 [微练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. (2)他把所有的时间和精力都投入到学习中，希望能考上他理想的大学。(个人发展与提升) →He devoted all of his time and energy to study, in the hope of being admitted to his dream university． →He devoted all of his time and energy to study, hoping to be admitted to his dream university． so as to (do sth.)　为了；以便 in order to... 为了…… in order that/so that... 为了…… [微练]——一句多译 为了上课不迟到，我们最好快点。 →We had better hurry up in order/so as not to be late for class． →We had better hurry up in order that/so that we were not late for class． 【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】 mental　adj.精神的；思想的 ①(外研必修三U5)It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop. 它会驱使你深入观察自己的内心，并在你想要停下的时候，弄清楚自己的身体和心理是否真的有韧劲继续前行。 ②(北师大必修三U7)The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally ill. 《星空》是文森特·凡·高于1889年6月在一家精神病院里创作的。 intelligent　adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 ①(外研必修三U3)In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house. 从环境方面来讲，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。 ②(译林选必二U4)One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans. 人工智能的基本目标之一是开发计算机智能，它能够从经验中学习，适应新的输入，并像人类一样执行任务。 “not only...but (also)...”意为“不但……而且……” ①(教材P38)Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training. 宇航员不但要学习如何使用太空设备，而且还要进行大量的心理和身体训练。 ②(外研必修二U6)This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. 这不仅是因为鲨鱼带来的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。 (1)“not only...but (also)...”用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分时，着重强调后者；当其连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则； (2)“not only...but (also)...”可连接两个并列的句子。若not only位于句首，其后面的句子要用部分倒装，but (also)后面的句子不倒装。 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)What impressed me most was that not only did she bravely confront the difficulties, but she also willingly offered(offer) a helping hand to those in need. 背诵点　读后续写之主旨升华 (2)Not only my friends but also I was(be) present at the conference yesterday. (3)She not only won the race, but also set a new record. →Not only did she win the race,but she also set a new record.(部分倒装) “This/That is because...”意为“这/那是因为……” ①(教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.　这是因为尽管风险巨大，人们还是坚信继续太空探索的重要性。 ②(外研必修二U2)That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year. 那就是为什么 《圣诞老人的来信》 这本书对于那些把圣诞节视作一年中特殊时刻的人来说是一本完美的书。 教材原句中“This is because”意为“这是因为……”，强调原因。 This/That is why... 这/那是为什么……(强调结果) The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)He got up late in the morning. That's why he didn't attend the meeting. (2)I know that it is because I don't spend much time memorizing them after class. (3)他如此努力学习的原因是他想进入理想的大学。(个人发展与提升) →He works so hard. That's because he wants to go to his ideal college． →He wants to go to his ideal college. That's why he works so hard． →The reason why he works so hard is that he wants to go to his ideal college. Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．become the first person in the world to enter space 成为世界上第一个进入太空的人 2．make great progress 取得很大进步 3．despite the huge risks 尽管风险巨大 4．step onto the moon 踏上月球 5．look up at the stars 仰望星空 6．establish its own space station 建造自己的空间站 7．go wrong 出错；出故障 8．transmit data 传送数据 9．further study planets 进一步研究行星 Ⅱ.品句填词 1．When exposed to stress, in whatever form, all of us react both mentally and physically. 2．Police insisted that Michael did not follow the correct procedure in applying for a visa. 3．George is organized, easy-going, hard-working, and intelligent. In a word, I can't think too highly of him. 4．She signaled to a passing taxi and asked the driver to take her to the railway station. 5．They were bitterly disappointed(失望的) at the result of the game. 6．It is desired(期望) that the project be finished before the end of this month. 7．In order to improve learning efficiency, I urge that all of us form the habit of thinking independently(独立地) and going over lessons in time. 8．A fund was launched(发起) to set up a monument in memory of the dead. Ⅲ.词块运用 1．I have determined on/upon(确定) going to the countryside after graduation. 2．When facing difficulties, we need to support each other and encourage each other to carry on(继续). 3．The young man has a desire for/desires for(渴望) a better life and is willing to make sacrifices. 4．To her disappointment(令她失望的是), her best friend didn't come to her birthday party yesterday. 5．They saved money every month in the hope of(抱着……的希望) buying a house one day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $