UNIT 3 Period 2 Reading and Thinking-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语阅读与思维能力培养，核心知识点涵盖阅读策略（体裁识别、结构分析、主旨与细节理解）、词汇学习（如admit, occur, fortune等高频词用法及拓展）、语法结构（it作形式主语、现在分词作状语等）及文化主题（旧金山移民文化与多样性），形成从词汇基础到阅读技能，再到语法应用和文化理解的递进式学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过词汇语境化练习（如语法填空）提升语言运用能力，阅读活动中的细节问题（如分析移民历史）培养思维品质，文化多样性讨论增强跨文化理解。课中辅助教师系统推进阅读教学，课后通过词汇表和句型练习帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺。

Period 2　Reading and Thinking 　《教材助读＋语基默写》见分册本 1．diverse　 A．to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner or not allowed to leave 2．admit B．to look for sth./sb. 3．occur C．to cause sb.'s death 4．seek D．very different from each other and of various kinds 5．select E．a simple drawing using lines to explain where sth. is, how sth. works, etc. 6．diagram F．to happen 7．claim G．to agree, often unwillingly, that sth. is true 8．escape H．to choose sb./sth. from a group of people or things 答案：1～5.DGFBH　6～8.ECA Activity 1　Reading for Genre and Structure 1．Genre：________ A．Travel Journal (旅行日志). B．Exposition (说明文). C．Argumentation (议论文). 答案：A 2．Structure and Clues： 答案：(1)camped　(2)lively　(3)movement (4)historical　(5)immigrants　(6)fortune (7)restaurant　(8)a jazz bar Activity 2　Reading for Main Idea What does the passage mainly talk about? 　It mainly talks about the__author's__one__day__trip__to__San__Francisco． Activity 3　Reading for Details 1．Read Part 1 and answer the following questions. (1)How does the author feel to be back in San Francisco? A．Wonderful.　　　　　B．Tired. C．Disappointed. D．Stressed. 答案：A (2)What does the word “definitely” mean in paragraph 1? A．Doubtfully. B．Surely. C．Extremely. D．Directly. 答案：B 2．Read Part 2 and answer the following questions. (1)What is so special about the Mission District? The__Mission__District__is__a__vibrant，historical__area__full__of__culture__and__life. (2)What does “a bit of home” refer to in paragraph 3? It__means__immigrants'__customs,__habits,__language,__traditions,__etc. (3)Why did California become a big city? A．America got California from Mexico. B．There were many jobs on farms. C．People built railways in the city. D．People went there in the gold rush. 答案：D (4)Which of the following is TRUE? A．Chinatown has only Cantonese restaurants for visitors. B．In the evening, the author ate some western food in a Cantonese restaurant. C.In 1848, over 300，000 people from all over the world rushed to San Francisco to seek their fortune. D．Chinese immigrants had arrived in California long before gold was discovered. 答案：C Today, I arrived back in San Francisco，and it feels good 1.to__be (be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in rebuilding itself after the earthquake that 2.occurred (occur) in 1906，and I stayed in the Mission District, 3.enjoying (enjoy) some delicious noodles 4.mixed (mix) with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum 5.that/which showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush，many Chinese arrived，and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn 6.a living. Many others worked on farms, joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that joined California 7.to the east. The museum showed us how America 8.was__built(build) by immigrants from 9.different(difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served 10.its (it) food on beautiful china plates. Tomorrow evening, I'm going to a jazz bar in the Richmond District. 1．What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity? ______________________________________________________ 2．What do you think brought about the cultural diversity? ______________________________________________________ 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．chip n.　　　　　 A．具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 2．spicy adj. B．(有关)历史的 3．ethnic adj. C．涂鸦；胡写乱画 4．graffiti n. D．(外来)移民；外侨 5．historical adj. E．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；(英)碎片 6．immigrant n. F．加有香料的；辛辣的 答案：1～5.EFACB　6.D Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．a cheese sandwich　　奶酪三明治 2．go downtown 去市中心 3．secret mission 秘密任务 4．central business district 中心商业区 5．comic art 漫画艺术 6．seek for help 寻求帮助 7．beautiful china plates 精美的瓷盘 8．a modern jazz record 一张现代爵士乐唱片 9．a little local bar 一家当地的小酒吧 10．draw a diagram 画一张简图 11．in the journal 在日志中 12．claim to firm your body 宣称能强壮你的身体 13．watch TV series 看电视连续剧 14．escape the cold winter 逃离寒冷的冬天 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．diverse [daI'vɜːs] adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 2．fortune ['fɔːtʃuːn] n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的；交好运的；侥幸的→fortunately adv.幸运地；交好运地；吉利地→(反义词)unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的；可惜的→unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地；可悲地 3．admit [əd'mIt] vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．(尤指对过错、罪行的)承认；准许进入；入场费 4．definitely ['defInətli] adv.肯定；确实→definite adj.肯定的；确实的 5．occur [ə'kɜː(r)] vi.发生；出现→occurrence n．出现；发生；发生的事情 6．earn [ɜːn] vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→earnings n．利润；收入；工资 7．select [sI'lekt] vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n．被挑选的人或物；选择；挑选→selective adj.选择性的；严格筛选的 8．minority [maI'nɒrəti] n．少数民族；少数派；少数人→minor adj.较小的；次要的 v．辅修 n．未成年人；辅修科目→(反义词)majority n．多数；大部分 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．She and her child boarded a plane heading__to (前往) where her family lived. 2．In early youth he went to seek__his__fortune (闯世界) in a foreign country. 3．He earned__a__living (谋生) by selling newspapers when he was young. 4．The great damage of environment has been brought__about(引起) by the destruction of the rainforest. 5．In my diary, I set down a__series__of (一系列) things that are all based on facts. 6．The poor child has no one to take care of him apart__from (除了……外) his uncle. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 A.根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．it＋系动词＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. I have to admit that it__definitely__feels__good__to__be__back__in__the__city__again(再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了).(Para.1) [分析]　此句中还含有that引导的宾语从句。 2．独立主格结构 There are so many beautiful old buildings—many__sitting__on__top__of__big__hills(不少坐落于大山之巅), offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.(Para.1) [分析]　此句中还含有There__be句型和动词-ing 形式作结果状语。 3．现在分词短语作后置定语 Many of the people living__here(住在这里的) are from Mexico or Central America.(Para.2) 4．过去分词短语作后置定语 In fact, an art movement called__the__“Mission__School” (名为“教会派”) started here.(Para.2) 5．现在分词短语作伴随状语 I walked around looking__at__the__street__art__for__a__few__hours(一连好几个小时欣赏着街头艺术).(Para.2) 6．动词不定式短语作目的状语 To__earn__a__living (为了谋生), some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. (Para.3) B.根据汉语提示并使用以上句式结构完成下面的小短文 Ladies and gentlemen， Welcome to the charming Hainan Island. It is the second largest island in China 1.covering__an__area__of__35，000__square__kilometers(面积35 000平方公里). Situated in the southern part of our country, it is separated from the mainland by the Qiongzhou Strait. Hainan Island, 2.known__for__its__mild__climate__and__stunning__scenery(以其温和的气候和迷人的景色而闻名), is called “the Oriental Hawaii”. 3.Thousands__of__tourists__flooding__in__annually(每年有成千上万的游客涌入), the local economy has developed rapidly. The island is home to numerous famous attractions and offers a variety of activities, 4.ranging__from__sunbathing__and__hiking__to__diving__and__surfing(从日光浴和徒步旅行到潜水和冲浪). Each experience is unique, adding to the attraction of Hainan. Whoever comes to Hainan can relax under the warm sun and enjoy the peace of nature. 5.To__make__the__most__of__the__visit(为了充分利用这次参观), it is important to plan ahead. For example, booking accommodations in advance is essential, especially during peak seasons. 6.It__is__also__beneficial__to__experience__the__local__customs__and__traditions__in__person(亲自体验当地的风土人情和传统也很有益). In conclusion, Hainan Island is a destination with the mix of natural beauty, cultural richness, and friendliness. I am sure everyone will have a wonderful time here. Thank you! 【层级一　高频词汇诠释】 admit　vi.& vt.承认　vt.准许进入(或加入)；容纳 ①(外研选必二U3)I tried to think of some words of sympathy, but I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn't stay in business much longer. 我努力想说一些同情的话，但我不得不承认，彩虹书店的确没法再经营下去了。 ②(外研必修二U6)He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks' behaviour. 他承认他的书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是错误的。 ③(译林必修二U2) After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. 然而，上了第一节课后，我不得不承认我之前对太极拳的认识是错误的。 (1)admit sth./doing sth./having done sth. 　　　 　　　 承认某事/做某事/做过某事 admit...to be... 承认……是…… admit...into/to... 允许……进入……；成为……中的一员 be admitted as... 作为……被接受；被接纳为…… (2)admission n. (尤指对过错、罪行的)承认；准许进入；入场费 单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义/句型转换 (1)If you study hard，you are likely to be admitted into/to your dreaming university. (2)I have been successfully admitted as a volunteer for the 13th National Games. (3)Besides admission (admit) prices，we had to pay for costumes. (4)The new policy is admitted to__be (be) effective in many aspects. (5)The English Speech Contest will be held in the lecture hall which can admit 1，000 people.容纳 (6)He admitted that he had broken the school rules and willingly accepted punishment. →He admitted__breaking/having__broken__the__school__rules and willingly accepted punishment. admit意为“承认”时，后面可接名词、动名词，不接动词不定式；意为“准许进入”时，不接动词不定式的复合结构，即不可表达为“admit sb. to do...”。 occur　vi.发生；出现 ①(教材P28)And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座得以在1906年发生地震后重建的城市。 ②(译林必修三U2)It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。 ③(北师大必修三U9) According to him, the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning. 根据他的说法，最显著的遗忘出现在学习之后的最初阶段。 (1)sth. occurs to sb.　　　某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到…… It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事 (2)occurrence n. 出现；发生；发生的事情 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)I suppose it didn't occur to you to__phone (phone) the police. (2)Suddenly, a good idea occurred to me while I was reading the book. (3)If a wise man is not amazed at sudden occurrences (occur), it is not that he has thought more, but less upon futurity. (4)我突然想到，他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。 It__occurs__to__me__that__he__might__be__interested__in__the__problem we had discussed. fortune　n.机会；运气；财富 ①(教材P28)Over 300，000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. 30多万人从世界各地蜂拥而至，在这里寻找他们的致富道路，旧金山迅速成为一座大都市。 ②(外研必修一U4) The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. 我准备第二天早上动身前往西部发财。 (1)make a/one's fortune发财 try one's fortune 碰运气 seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 (2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的；交好运的； 侥幸的 be fortunate to do/in doing sth.　有幸做某事 It is fortunate that... 幸运的是…… (3)fortunately adv. 幸运地；交好运地； 吉利地 unfortunate adj. 不幸的；遗憾的；可惜的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地；可悲地 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 (1)It is said that he made a fortune after quitting his job. (2)Unfortunately(fortunately), he had his right leg injured during the training. (3)(译林必修二U3)举国上下，人们都在庆祝自己好运，庆祝合家团聚，庆祝祖国富强。 All over the country, people are__celebrating__their__good__fortune,__celebrating their family's togetherness, and celebrating their nation's strength. (4)他们很幸运地发现了一种新的治疗方法。 →They are__fortunate__to__have/in__having__discovered a new treatment method. →It__is__fortunate__that they have discovered a new treatment method. →Fortunately,__they have discovered a new treatment method. fortune作“机会；运气”讲时为不可数名词；作“财产；命运”讲时为可数名词。a large fortune和a small fortune都指“一大笔钱”。 select　vt.选择；挑选；选拔 ①(教材P29) I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates.　我挑了一家粤菜馆，他们端出来的菜肴是放在精美的瓷盘上的。 ②(外研必修一U1) As a member of the school volleyball team, I wasn't selected for the end-of-year competition. 作为校排球队的成员，我未能入选年终比赛。 ③(译林必修二U3) Luo Yan's son, Bofeng, happily takes a bite of the chicken his grandfather has selected for him.　罗言的儿子博峰美滋滋地咬了一口爷爷给他挑好的鸡肉。 (1)select...as/to be...　挑选……作为…… select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事 (2)selection n. 被挑选的人或物；选择；挑选；选拔 selective adj. 选择性的；严格筛选的 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Simon has been selected to__make (make) a speech at the opening ceremony. (2)Here are some good sources of information to assist you in making the best selection(select). (3)Our school provides us with a diverse range of selective(select) courses, varying from music to art. (4)我们选他当我们的班长，因为他很负责任。 We selected__him__as/to__be__our__monitor because he was very responsible. claim　vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言；主张；索赔 ①(教材P29)Over 3，000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it.　1906年的旧金山地震和之后发生的一系列火灾夺去了3 000 多人的生命。 ②(外研选必一U6)Sitting back in my seat, I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”． 坐在我的座位上，我简直不敢相信自己将要沿着被许多外籍专家声称“不可能”建成的铁路旅行。 (1)claim to do/to have done sth.声称做/做过某事 claim for sth. 要求某物；索要某物 claim that... 声称…… It's claimed that... 据称/据说…… (2)make a claim for... 要求；对……提出赔偿要求 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(北师大选必四U11) One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son. (2)Fishermen and sailors claimed to__have__seen (see) monsters in the sea. (3)You can claim on your insurance for that coat you left on the train. (4)He decided to make a claim for the damages caused by the accident. (5)据说科学家们最近在遥远的星系中发现了一颗新行星。 It__is__claimed__that__scientists__have__discovered__a__new__planet in the distant galaxy recently. escape　vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开；泄漏；被遗忘；被忘掉；被忽视；未被注意　n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 ①(教材P29)After visiting the southern part of Yunnan, I have to admit that it is the best region of China to escape the cold winter. 在参观了云南南部之后，我不得不承认，这是中国最好的避寒地区。 ②(译林必修一U3) However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.　然而，当我们寻求独处时，我们必须小心，不要总逃进自己的世界。 ③(北师大必修二U5)Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape. 我丝毫没有犹豫一跃跳进海里，试图逃生。 (1)escape from...　　　　从……中逃脱 escape into 逃入 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 (2)sth. escapes sb. 某事(物)被某人遗忘 (3)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生 猜测下列句中escape的词性及含义/单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It might have escaped your notice, but I'm very busy at the moment. v.未被注意 (2)Her name escaped me, which made me quite embarrassed.v.被遗忘 (3)For her travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life.n.解脱 (4)The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby, extremely terrified and exhausted. (5)对这些人来说，他们好不容易及时从燃烧的建筑中逃出真是九死一生。 It__was__a__narrow__escape__for__these__people as they barely made it out of the burning building in time. 【层级二　中频词汇积累】 seek　vt.& vi.(sought, sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求 seek after/for　　　　 追求，寻求 seek out 挑选出；找出 seek to do sth. 试图做某事 [微练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)We seek to__find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us. (2)They are seeking after/for solutions to the difficult problems. (3)现在是当地公司在欧洲寻求商机的时候了。 Now is the time for local companies to__seek__out__business__opportunities in Europe. earn　vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 (1)earn/make a living　　谋生 (2)earnings n. 利润；收入；工资 [微练]——单句语法填空 (1)It is honorable to earn a living with your own hands. (2)His earnings(earn) from the part-time job are enough to cover his living expenses. bring about　导致；引起 bring back　　　　　　使回想起；使恢复 bring in 引进；生产；挣得 bring up 抚养，抚育；谈及；呕吐 bring down 降低；减少 [微练]——用bring的相关短语填空 (1)Mencius' father died when he was young，and he was brought__up by his mother. (2)The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence have brought__about a fundamental shift in how we live and work. (3)The scientists' discovery of a new drug is expected to bring__down the mortality rate of the disease. (4)It was claimed that the sale of the sculpture brought__in about $45，000. apart from　除了……外(还)；此外 apart from＝besides＝in addition to＝aside from　　 除了……外(还有) apart from＝but/except 除了……外(不包括) [微练]——同义替换 (1)Apart from the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support. →Besides/In__addition__to/Aside__from the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support. (2)No one apart from her husband knew about her job. →No one but/except her husband knew about her job. 【层级三　低频词汇拾遗】 diverse　adj.不同的；多种多样的 ①(译林选必二U2)For over a century, people from diverse backgrounds have made joint efforts to help realize Coubertin's dream. 一个多世纪以来，来自不同背景的人们共同努力，帮助实现顾拜旦的梦想。 ②(2023·北京卷)In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. 近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。 series　n. 一系列；连续；接连 ①(外研必修二U4)Interestingly, audiences have in recent years turned to television series such as Sherlock or Mad Men, which can have many characters and gradual plot development.　有趣的是，近年来观众开始看电视连续剧了，如《神探夏洛克》或《广告狂人》。这些连续剧有很多角色和逐渐展开的情节。 ②(译林必修三U2)On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. 12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的洋面，造成数千人死亡。 it＋系动词＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. ①(教材P28)I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again. 我不得不承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。 ②(北师大选必二U6)In this situation, it is clear that viewers will not be disappointed！　如果是这样，读者就永远不会失望！ 当动词不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为了避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句末。通常有以下几种结构： (1)It is/was/feels/seems/...＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.； (2)It is/was/feels/seems/...＋adj.＋that从句； (3)It is/was＋n.＋doing sth.； (4)It be＋过去分词(said/thought/hoped/believed/supposed/reported/...)＋that从句。 单句语法填空/句型转换 (1)It is very important for us to__finish (finish) the work on time. (2)It is no good making (make) friends with those who do nothing but play video games all day long. (3)It is__reported (report) that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area. (4)It is necessary that he should be sent there at once. →It__is__necessary__for__him__to__be__sent__there at once. 现在分词短语作伴随状语 ①(教材P28)I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours. 一连好几个小时，我四处走着，欣赏着街头艺术。 ②(北师大必修一U2)The team gathered around, looking worried. 队员们聚在一起，看起来很担心。 ③(译林必修一U2)You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. 你可能会因为与你的朋友们成长速度不同而感到焦虑，你会快速长高或者被远远甩在后面。 (1)现在分词短语作伴随状语，所表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系； (2)一般情况下，现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)He lay on the grass, staring (stare) at the sky for a long time. (2)All night long he lay awake, thinking (think) of the problem. (3)The music festival will start at 8 a．m. in the morning. It will last three hours. →The music festival will start at 8 a．m. in the morning, lasting__three__hours．(现在分词作状语) (4)Because this is the first time that you have been in a foreign country, it's natural for you to have trouble settling in. →This__being__the__first__time__that__you__have__been__in__a__foreign__country,__it's natural for you to have trouble settling in.(独立主格结构) Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．show__the__historical__changes__in__California 　　　　　　　　展示加利福尼亚的历史变迁 2．a__real__mix__of__cultures 一次真正的文化的交融 3．join__California__to__the__eastern__region__of__the__country 加利福尼亚通往这个国家东部地区的铁路 4．a__centre__for__art 艺术中心 5．a__jazz__bar 一家爵士乐酒吧 6．open__up__shops__and__restaurants__in__Chinatown 在唐人街开商店和餐馆7.head__to__a__local__museum 前往当地的一家博物馆 8．build__a__new__home 建立新的家园 9．start__a__gold__rush 引发淘金热 Ⅱ.品句填词 1．His achievements earn respect and admiration for him. 2．He has tried many times so far, but it is definitely hard to succeed. 3．Confucius is the representative of diverse culture in China, who focuses on the importance of harmony. 4．I felt relieved that my son was eventually admitted to a key university. 5．Please give me some cheese(奶酪), for I am hungry now. 6．There are some disadvantages of living in the downtown (市中心的) districts. 7．He thought his mission (使命) in his life was to help others. 8．Bob looked back only to find an old friend whose name escaped(被遗忘) him for the moment. Ⅲ.词块运用 1．Nowadays it is very easy to earn__a__living (谋生) as long as you master a skill. 2．The shopkeeper is trying to seek__after/for (寻找) a better way to win his customers back, perhaps with a discount. 3．The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be__admitted__to/into (被录取) my favorite university will come true. 4．Apart__from (除了……外) my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in. 5．It is well known that science has brought__about (导致) many changes in our lives. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $