Unit 3 The world at one click(语法讲练)-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024)

2026-02-02
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天空英语
进店逛逛

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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 3 The world at one click
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 谓语动词的时态
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 129 KB
发布时间 2026-02-02
更新时间 2026-02-02
作者 天空英语
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-02-02
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2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024) Unit 3 The world at one click语法讲练 目录 第一部分 语法知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心考点讲练用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 语法强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 语法知识清单 一、一般过去时(Simple Past Tense) 一般过去时是英语中表示过去时间范畴动作或状态的基础时态,核心用于描述发生在过去某个具体时间、已经结束的动作,或过去某一阶段存在的状态,也可用来表达过去习惯性、反复性的动作(常搭配always, often, usually等频度副词)。该时态的时间指向性明确,必须与表示过去的时间状语连用,常见的有yesterday(昨天)、last night(昨晚)、last week(上周)、two days ago(两天前)、in 2023(在2023年)、just now(刚才)、the day before yesterday(前天)、at that time(在那时)等,若无明确过去时间状语,需结合语境判断动作是否发生在过去。 1. 主体结构 一般过去时的结构分为实义动词作谓语和be动词作谓语两种情况,用法各有不同,具体如下: (1)实义动词作谓语 肯定句结构为“主语+实义动词过去式+其他”,例: She walked to school yesterday.(她昨天步行去上学了。) 否定句结构为“主语+didn’t+实义动词原形+其他”,注意加didn’t后,原过去式需变回动词原形,例: She didn’t walk to school yesterday.(她昨天没有步行去上学。) 疑问句结构为“Did+主语+实义动词原形+其他?”,答句也需对应使用did/didn’t,例: —Did she walk to school yesterday?(她昨天步行去上学了吗?) —Yes, she did./No, she didn’t.(是,她去了。/不,她没去。) (2)be动词作谓语 be动词的过去式为was和were,其中was用于主语是第一人称单数(I)、第三人称单数(He/She/It)的情况,were用于主语是第二人称(You)、第一人称复数(We)、第三人称复数(They)的情况。肯定句结构为“主语+was/were+表语+其他”,例: He was late for class this morning.(他今天早上上课迟到了。) They were in the library yesterday afternoon.(他们昨天下午在图书馆。) 否定句结构为“主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语+其他”,例: He wasn’t late for class this morning.(他今天早上上课没迟到。) 疑问句结构为“Was/Were+主语+表语+其他?”,答句对应使用was/were,例: —Were they in the library yesterday afternoon?(他们昨天下午在图书馆吗?) —Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.(是,他们在。/不,他们不在。) 2. 动词过去式变化规则 动词过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化两类,其中规则变化有明确规律可循,不规则变化需单独记忆,具体如下: (1)规则变化 ① 一般情况下,直接在动词词尾加-ed,例如work-worked(工作)、play-played(玩)、look-looked(看) ② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d,例如like-liked(喜欢)、love-loved(热爱)、dance-danced(跳舞) ③ 以重读闭音节结尾(即单词结构为“辅音+元音+辅音”,且重音在最后一个音节),且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,需双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,例如stop-stopped(停止)、plan-planned(计划)、shop-shopped(购物),注意以w、x、y结尾的重读闭音节动词,无需双写末尾字母,直接加-ed,如fix-fixed(修理) ④ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed,例如study-studied(学习)、carry-carried(携带)、try-tried(尝试),若y前面是元音字母,则直接加-ed,如play-played、enjoy-enjoyed(享受)。 (2)不规则变化 这类动词的过去式没有固定规律,需要同学们单独记忆、反复巩固,常见的不规则动词有go-went(去)、eat-ate(吃)、do-did(做)、see-saw(看见)、say-said(说)、take-took(拿)、have-had(有)等,建议结合例句记忆,加深理解和运用能力。 巩|固|练|习 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1.She ______ to the park with her family yesterday morning. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go 2.—Did you finish your homework last night? —No, I ______. I was too tired. A. didn’t B. don’t C. wasn’t D. won’t 3.They ______ in Beijing for three days last month. A. stay B. stayed C. are staying D. have stayed Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子 4.他昨天下午在家看了一部电影。(watch a movie) He ______ a movie at home yesterday afternoon. 5.我们上周没有去博物馆。(go to the museum) We ______ to the museum last week. 答案与解析 Ⅰ. 单项选择题 1.C 【解析】由时间状语yesterday morning可知,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,go的过去式为went。 2.A 【解析】问句以Did开头,否定回答需用didn’t,对应问句中的实义动词finish。 3.B 【解析】由时间状语last month可知,用一般过去时,stay的过去式为stayed。 Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子 4.watched 【解析】由yesterday afternoon可知用一般过去时,watch的过去式为watched。 5.didn’t go 【解析】由last week可知用一般过去时,否定句需借助didn’t,后接动词原形go。 二、现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense) 现在完成时是连接过去与现在的重要时态,核心内涵有两大维度,同时搭配特定时间状语,需结合语境精准运用。 第一,强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的明确影响或留下的结果,动作本身可能已结束,但影响持续到当下; 第二,表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态,且该动作/状态仍有可能继续下去。常与这类时间状语连用:already(已经,多用于肯定句,可置于句中或句末)、yet(还、尚未,多用于否定句和疑问句,置于句末)、just(刚刚,置于助动词与过去分词之间)、ever(曾经,多用于疑问句)、never(从未,多用于否定句)、for+时间段(表示动作持续的时长,如for three years)、since+时间点/从句(表示动作开始的时间,如since 2020、since he was a child)、so far(到目前为止)、recently(最近)等。例: He has finished his homework.(他已经做完作业了,结果是现在可以休息了) We have lived here for ten years.(我们在这里住了十年,现在仍住在这里) 1. 主体结构 现在完成时的基本结构为“主语+have/has+动词过去分词(done)”,其中have/has为助动词,无实际意义,仅用来构成时态,动词过去分词是核心,体现动作本身。主语的人称和数决定助动词的选用:主语为第一人称(I/We)、第二人称(You)、第三人称复数(They)时,用have;主语为第三人称单数(He/She/It)及单数名词、代词时,用has。拓展结构如下: ① 否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词,缩写形式为haven’t/hasn’t,例: She hasn’t finished her homework yet.(她还没做完作业。) ② 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他?,答句需对应使用have/has或haven’t/hasn’t,例: —Have you seen this movie?(你看过这部电影吗?) —Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.(是,我看过。/不,我没看过。) ③ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他?,例: How long have you lived here?(你在这里住多久了?) 2. 动词过去分词变化 过去分词是构成现在完成时的关键,变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。 ① 规则变化:与一般过去时的过去式变化规则完全一致,无需额外记忆,例如work-worked-worked(工作)、like-liked-liked(喜欢)、stop-stopped-stopped(停止)、study-studied-studied(学习) ② 不规则变化:这类动词的过去分词无固定规律,需单独记忆,且部分动词的过去式与过去分词形式不同,需特别区分,常见例子有eat-ate-eaten(吃)、write-wrote-written(写)、go-went-gone(去)、do-did-done(做)、take-took-taken(拿)、see-saw-seen(看见)、have-had-had(有)等,建议结合时态例句成对记忆,避免混淆。 【注意事项】 ① 现在完成时的核心是“连接过去与现在”,因此绝对不能与表示具体、确定过去时间的状语连用,这类状语如yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、two days ago(两天前)、in 2023(在2023年)、just now(刚才)等,若句子中出现这类时间状语,需改用一般过去时。例: He finished his homework yesterday.(不能说He has finished his homework yesterday.) ② 若要同时强调动作发生的具体过去时间和对现在的影响,可将现在完成时与一般过去时结合,或用从句补充时间,例: I have known him since we met last year.(自从我们去年认识,我就一直认识他。),从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。 ③ 区分“for+时间段”与“since+时间点”:for后接时长,说明动作持续多久,如for five months(五个月);since后接时间起点,说明动作从何时开始,如since May(从五月起),二者可相互转换,例: He has studied English for three years.=He has studied English since three years ago.(他已经学了三年英语了。) 巩|固|练|习 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1.My brother ______ the book twice since last month. A. reads B. read C. has read D. will read 2.—Have you ever ______ to Shanghai? —Yes, I went there last year. A. been B. gone C. go D. went 3.We ______ here for five years. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. are living Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子 4.她已经完成了她的作业。 She ______ her homework already. 5.自从2020年以来,他就住在这座城市。(live in this city) He ______ in this city since 2020. 答案与解析 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1.C 【解析】由since last month可知,动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时,主语My brother为第三人称单数,用has+过去分词read。 2.A 【解析】have been to表示“去过某地(已回来)”,have gone to表示“去了某地(未回来)”;由答句“I went there last year”可知已回来,故选A。 3.C 【解析】由for five years可知,动作持续了一段时间,用现在完成时,主语We用have+过去分词lived。 Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子 4.has finished 【解析】由already可知用现在完成时,主语She为第三人称单数,finish的过去分词为finished。 5.has lived 【解析】由since 2020可知用现在完成时,主语He为第三人称单数,live的过去分词为lived。 ◇Part 02 核心考点讲练 核心考点1:时态标志词的辨析 这是中考高频基础考点,核心在于根据时间状语快速锁定时态。一般过去时的标志词多为具体、明确的过去时间点或时间段,仅指向过去,如yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、just now(刚才)、the day before yesterday(前天)、in 2023(在2023年)等,出现这类状语时谓语动词必须用过去式。现在完成时的标志词侧重体现“过去与现在的关联”,分为两类:一类是表“结果”的already(肯定句,已完成)、yet(否定/疑问句,尚未)、ever(曾经)、never(从未);另一类是表“持续”的for+时间段(如for 3 years)、since+时间点/从句(如since 2020/since he was 10),这类状语不可与一般过去时连用。 例题: 1. — When did you finish your homework? — I ______ it last night. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish 2. My parents ______ in this city for over 10 years. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live 3. — Have you seen the movie before? — Yes, I ______ it with my sister just now. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see 答案与解析 1. B 【解析】句中last night是一般过去时的标志词,强调过去发生的动作,谓语动词用过去式finished。 2. C 【解析】for over 10 years是现在完成时的标志词,表动作从过去持续到现在,谓语动词用have+过去分词lived。 3. B 【解析】just now是一般过去时的标志词,虽问句用现在完成时,但答句描述过去具体时间发生的动作,用过去式saw。 核心考点2:时态含义的区分 此考点侧重语义理解,是易混淆点。一般过去时仅客观陈述“过去发生过的动作或存在的状态”,动作已结束且与现在无任何关联,不强调对现在的影响,仅说明过去的事实。而现在完成时的核心是“过去动作对现在的牵连”,要么体现过去动作带来的现在结果(如I have lost my key. 暗示现在仍没找到,无法开门),要么体现动作从过去持续到现在(如He has lived here since 2018. 暗示他现在还住在这里),本质是连接过去与现在。一般过去时常用yesterday、last week、just now等表过去的具体时间状语;现在完成时常用already、yet、ever、for+时间段、since+时间点等表过去动作对现在的影响或持续状态。 例题: 1. She ______ to Beijing last year, and she ______ there twice so far. A. went; has been B. goes; went C. has gone; has been D. went; went 2. — Why are you late? — I ______ my keys at home and had to go back for them. A. forget B. forgot C. have forgotten D. will forget 3. We ______ the Great Wall already, it’s very wonderful. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. are visiting 答案与解析 1. A 【解析】第一空last year表过去具体动作,用一般过去时went;第二空so far(到目前为止)表过去动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时has been(去过某地,已返回)。 2. B 【解析】“忘记带钥匙”是过去发生的动作,仅描述过去事实,与现在是否还忘无关,用一般过去时forgot。 3. C 【解析】already是现在完成时标志词,强调“已经参观过长城”这一过去动作带来的现在结果(知道长城很棒),用have visited。 ◇Part 03 语法强化训练 提|升|练|习 一、单项选择 1.Our basketball team ________ the No.1 Middle School team yesterday. A.won B.refused C.defeated D.overcame 2.My father ________ drink coffee every morning, but now he ________ drinking tea, because tea ________ help him keep healthy. A.used to; is used to; is used to B.used to; used to; is used to C.is used to; used to; used to D.is used to; is used to; used to 3.The swimmer ________ into the river to save the drowning (溺水的) child. A.dug B.dropped C.dived D.drove 4.The big storm ________ most of the crops. A.harmed B.rolled C.burnt D.fried 5.The group worked hard to ________ their performance to the class and got the high praise from the teacher. A.promise B.prepare C.present D.practise 6.Many people ________ clothes and money to the earthquake-hit area last month. A.sold B.donated C.bought D.borrowed 7.His nose ________ during the basketball game, because it was ________ by a basketball. A.bleed; hit B.bled; hit C.shock; lay D.harmed; shocked 8. The mascots ________ many people’s eyes in the 15th National Games. A.touched B.caught C.hit D.bumped 9.The little boy was very excited when he ________ a new toy car. A.accepted B.received C.sold D.refused 10.My uncle ________ a very kind-hearted woman last year. They live happily now. A.moved B.inspired C.praised D.married 11.After losing the game, Peter’s father came to his room and ________ him some good advice. A.gives B.gave C.will give D.has given 12.On November 30, Milkesa ________ first at the 2025 Shanghai Marathon with a time of 2:06:25. A.finishes B.finished C.has finished D.had finished 13.The strong waves ________ against the rocks, making a loud noise. A.walked B.beat C.shook D.pushed 14.Tom seldom practiced and didn’t pay attention to the details, so he ________ the test last week. A.failed B.fails C.will fail D.has failed 15.The alarm ________ early this morning, so I didn’t oversleep. A.turned off B.went off C.put off D.fell off 16.So far, more and more students ________ good learning habits by making plans. A.develop B.have developed C.developed D.will develop 17.Neither the students nor their teacher _________ Guilin before. A.has gone to B.have been to C.have gone to D.has been to 18.—Look at these pictures. I _______ them for three years. —Wow, they’re wonderful. A.bought B.have bought C.kept D.have kept 19.—How long _______ you _______ in Huainan, Mr Green? —Since last month. A.did; come B.do; come C.have; come D.have; been 20.—How tidy the bedroom is! —Yes. I’m sure someone ________ it already. A.clean B.cleaned C.will clean D.has cleaned 21.—Could you ________ me your English dictionary? Mine was left at my home. —Sorry. Tony ________ it. A.borrow; lent B.borrow; has lent C.lend; has borrowed D.lend; has lent 22.Mr. Green ________ Chinese for three years. He is much better at it now. A.learns B.was learning C.has learned D.will learn 23.Jim has learned a lot about Chinese culture ________ he began to study in our school. A.after B.when C.until D.since 24.Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A.has begun B.began C.has been on D.will begin 25.—How long has your aunt lived in this city? —She ________ here for five years. A.lives B.has lived C.lived D.is living 26.Tom’s Chinese ________ a lot since he came to our school. He often practices it with us. A.improves B.has improved C.will improve D.improved 27.—Jack ________ so much recently. —Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active. A.has changed; used to B.changed; is used to C.changed; used to D.has changed; is used to 28.—My computer is working again. —Yes. Your father ________ it. It took him about an hour. A.has fixed B.will fix C.is fixing D.was fixing 29.—Where is Tom? I want to play ping-pong with him. —He ________ the library. You may find him there. A.has gone to B.has been to C.goes to D.have been in 30.Mr Smith ________ at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years, so he knows a lot about animals. A.is working B.has worked C.was working D.will work 31.Many historians believe that Stonehenge ________ around for almost 5000 years. A.is B.was C.will be D.has been 32.My father ________ in this factory since he graduated from university. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.had worked 33.I have read Robinson Crusoe ________, but I haven’t read Treasure Island ________. A.already; already B.yet; yet C.yet; already D.already; yet 34.Miss Gao________ this school since 1996. A.has come to B.came to C.has taught D.has been in 35.Ben ________ a teacher for nearly three years. A.has been B.has become C.was D.became 36.Tom’s grandfather ________ for two months and Tom still ________ him very much now. A.has died; has missed B.has been dead; has missed C.has died; misses D.has been dead; misses 37.Tom ________ the car for two months. A.has had B.bought C.has bought D.had got 38.—How long ________ you ________ a cold? —For three days. I need to see a doctor. A.do; have B.have; had C.did; have D.have; been having 39.—How long ________ you ________ on this project? —For half a year. It’s almost finished. A.do; work B.will; work C.did; work D.have; worked 40.—Let’s go home to watch the football match. —Oh, it’s too late. The match ________ for half an hour. And the result was 1-0. A.has finished B.has begun C.has been on D.has been over 二、完成句子 41.当她意识到自己说错了话时,她突然停住了。 She when she realized she had said the wrong thing. 42.她担心考试会不及格,因此她睡不着觉。 She failing the test so she couldn’t sleep. 43.护士量了我的体温并且说我发烧了。 The nurse and said that I had a fever. 44.你的建议大有帮助,让我完成了这个项目。 Your advice in helping me finish the project. 45.救援队在灾区寻找幸存者。 Rescue teams survivors in the disaster area. 46.小偷进来时,警报响了。 The alarm when the thief got in. 47.在阅兵中展示了各种各样的先进武器和装备。 various advanced weapons and equipment on display in the parade. 48.这位年轻的科学家从一个著名的国际组织那里获得了一个奖项。 The young scientist a famous international organization. 49.数百年前,森林和湖泊构成了塞罕坝的生态系统,使得它成为皇家猎场。 Hundreds of years ago, forests and lakes the ecosystem of Saihanba, making it a royal hunting ground. 50.我爸爸过去常常开车上班,但是现在他坐公共汽车。 My father go to work by car, but now he takes the bus. 51.昨天,我的医生建议我减肥。 My doctor weight yesterday. 52.她去寿县已经一个月了并且已经习惯了寿县的食物。 She has been in Shouxian for a month and she’s Shouxian’s food. 53.你报名参加阅读挑战赛了吗? Have you for the reading challenge yet? 54.自从来到中国,我学到了很多关于中国文化的知识。 I came to China, I’ve learned a lot about Chinese culture. 55.你去过多少个国家? How many countries you ? 56.自从养老院开办以来,她一直在那里帮忙。 She there since the nursing home started. 57.你曾经去过电影院吗? you the cinema? 58.自从我回到伦敦,我已经和我的同学分享了我的照片。 I my photos with my classmates since I returned to London. 59.他已经离开家乡十年了。 He from his hometown for ten years. 60.汤姆还没回他的房间。 Tom to his room yet. 61.我去过北京三次。 I Beijing three times. 62.自从上课以来,我们一直在写。 We the class began. 63.他买这辆车四年了。 He this car four years . 64.我们刚刚到,但是老板还没有回来。 We , but the boss back . 65.我哥哥已经参军三年了。 My brother the army for three years. 参考答案 一、 1.C 【解析】句意:昨天我们的篮球队战胜了第一中学的篮球队。 考查动词辨析。won赢得;refused拒绝;defeated击败;overcame克服。根据“Our basketball team ... the No.1 Middle School team yesterday.”可知,主语“Our basketball team”与宾语“the No.1 Middle School team”是比赛对手关系,需用表示“战胜、击败”的及物动词,且宾语为对手时常用defeat。won后通常接比赛、奖项等,不直接接对手;overcame多指克服困难。故选C。 2.A 【解析】句意:我爸爸过去每天早上喝咖啡,但现在他习惯喝茶,因为茶有助于他保持健康。 考查used to与be used to的辨析。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”;be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”;be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。第一空描述过去习惯喝咖啡,现在不喝了,用used to;第二空后drinking是动名词,描述现在习惯喝茶,用is used to;第三空后help是原形,表示“茶有助于保持健康”,用is used to,表目的。故选A。 3.C 【解析】句意:那位游泳者跳入河中去救那个溺水的孩子。 考查动词辨析。dug挖;dropped掉落;dived跳水,潜入;drove驾驶。根据“... into the river to save the drowning child”可知,此处表示跳入水中救人,dive into“跳入”符合语境。故选C。 4.A 【解析】句意:这场大风暴损害了大部分庄稼。 考查动词辨析。harmed损害;rolled滚动;burnt烧毁;fried油炸。根据主语“The big storm”和宾语“most of the crops”可知,风暴对庄稼造成的是损害。故选A。 5.C 【解析】句意:这个小组努力向全班展示他们的表演,并得到了老师的高度赞扬。 考查动词辨析。promise承诺;prepare准备;present展示;practise练习。根据“their performance to the class”和“got high praise”可知,小组是将表演呈现给全班观看,因此用present最符合语境。故选C。 6.B 【解析】句意:上个月许多人向地震灾区捐赠了衣服和钱。 考查动词辨析。sold卖;donated捐赠;bought买;borrowed借。根据“... clothes and money to the earthquake-hit area”可知,此处应表示“捐赠”,符合救灾情境。故选B。 7.B 【解析】句意:他的鼻子在篮球比赛中流血了,因为它被篮球击中了。 考查动词时态和语态辨析。bleed流血;bled流血(过去式);hit击中;shock震惊;shock震惊(过去式);harmed伤害(过去式);lay放置。第一空描述鼻子流血,是过去发生的动作,需用一般过去时,bleed的过去式为bled;第二空表示“被击中”,需用被动语态:be+过去分词,hit的过去分词仍为hit。故选B。 8.B 【解析】句意:在第十五届全国运动会上,吉祥物吸引了许多人的目光。 考查动词辨析。touched触摸;caught抓住,吸引;hit打击;bumped碰撞。根据“many people’s eyes”,此处指吸引许多人的目光,catch one’s eyes“吸引某人的目光”。故选B。 9.B 【解析】句意:当这个小男孩收到一辆新玩具车时非常兴奋。 考查动词辨析。accepted接受(主观上同意);received收到(客观上得到);sold卖;refused拒绝。根据“The little boy was very excited”可知,小男孩得到新玩具车才会兴奋,此处强调客观上的“收到”,而非主观上的“接受”。故选B。 10.D 【解析】句意:我叔叔去年娶了一位非常善良的女人。他们现在生活得很幸福。 考查动词辨析。moved移动;inspired激励;praised表扬;married结婚。根据后句“They live happily now.”可知,前句应表示“结婚”这一行为,且“marry sb.”意为“与某人结婚”。故选D。 11.B 【解析】句意:输掉比赛后,彼得的爸爸来到他的房间,给了他一些好建议。 考查动词时态。gives第三人称单数;gave过去时;will give一般将来时结构;has given现在完成时结构。根据“came to his room”可知,句子描述的是过去发生的一系列动作,时态应保持一致,用一般过去时。故选B。 12.B 【解析】句意:11月30日,Milkesa以2:06:25的成绩在2025年上海马拉松比赛中获得第一名。 考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“On November 30”可知,动作发生在过去,句子需使用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故选B。 13.B 【解析】句意:汹涌的波浪拍打着岩石,发出巨大的声响。 考查动词辨析。walked行走;beat拍打、敲击;shook摇晃;pushed推。根据主语“The strong waves”和宾语“the rocks”可知,此处描述波浪撞击岩石的动作,beat against为固定搭配,意为“拍打,撞击”。故选B。 14.A 【解析】句意:汤姆很少练习,也不注意细节,所以他上周考试失败了。 考查时态。根据“last week”可知,句子描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,动词用过去式failed。故选A。 15.B 【解析】句意:今天早上闹钟响了,所以我没有睡过头。 考查动词短语辨析。turned off关掉;went off响起;put off推迟;fell off跌落。根据“so I didn’t oversleep.”可知,闹钟“响了”我才没有睡过头,故选B。 16.B 【解析】句意:到目前为止,越来越多的学生通过制定计划养成了良好的学习习惯。 考查现在完成时。develop养成,一般现在时;have developed已经养成,现在完成时;developed养成,一般过去时;will develop将养成,一般将来时。根据时间状语“So far”,可知动作从过去持续到现在并对现在有影响,应用现在完成时。故选B。 17.D 【解析】句意:这些学生和他们的老师以前都没去过桂林。 考查主谓一致及现在完成时。has gone to已经去了(人未回);have been to曾经去过(人已回);have gone to已经去了(人未回),主语为复数;has been to曾经去过(人已回),主语为单数。在“neither…nor…”结构中,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,即与nor后的主语“their teacher”一致,用单数形式。且根据句意,表示“曾经去过”,应用“has been to”。故选D。 18.D 【解析】句意:——看这些照片。我保存它们已经三年了。——哇,它们真棒。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词。根据时间状语“for three years”可知,动作需持续三年,需用现在完成时且动词需为延续性动词。buy是短暂性动词,不能与“for + 时间段”连用,而keep是延续性动词,其过去分词为kept,符合语境。故选D。 19.D 【解析】句意:——格林先生,你在淮南待了多久了?——从上个月开始。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“Since last month”可知,问句询问“从过去持续到现在的一段时间”,需用现在完成时,且谓语动词需具有延续性。come是短暂性动词,不能与how long连用,需改为have been。故选D。 20.D 【解析】句意:——卧室真整洁!——是的。我确信有人已经打扫过了。 考查现在完成时。clean打扫,动词原形;cleaned打扫,动词过去式;will clean将要打扫;has cleaned已经打扫,现在完成时。根据答句中already“已经”可知,动作发生在过去且对现在有影响,应使用现在完成时。故选D。 21.C 【解析】句意:——你能把你的英语词典借给我吗?我的忘在家里了。——抱歉,托尼已经把它借走了。 考查动词辨析和时态。borrow借入;lend借出。第一空表示“借给我”,是“借出”之意,用 lend;第二空表示“Tony借入”,强调过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时has borrowed。故选C。 22.C 【解析】句意:格林先生已经学习中文三年了。他现在中文好多了。 考查现在完成时。learns学习,一般现在时;was learning正在学习,过去进行时;has learned已经学习,现在完成时;will learn将学习,一般将来时。根据“for three years”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应使用现在完成时。故选C。 23.D 【解析】句意:吉姆自从开始在我们学校学习,就了解了很多中国文化。 考查连词辨析。after在……之后;when当……时候;until直到……为止;since自从。“Jim has learned a lot about Chinese culture”用的是现在完成时,“he began to study in our school”是一般过去时,结合语境可知,此处表达的是“自从开始在我们学校学习就了解了很多中国文化”,since引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,符合此结构。故选D。 24.C 【解析】句意:快点!电影已经开始十分钟了。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“for ten minutes”可知,动作需持续一段时间,而begin“开始”是短暂性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,需转换为延续性动词或状态,has been on表示“已经开始并持续”,符合题意。故选C。 25.B 【解析】句意:——你阿姨在这个城市住了多长时间了?——她在这里住了五年了。 考查现在完成时。根据问句中的“How long has your aunt lived in this city?”和答语中的“for five years”可知,此处强调居住动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时。故选B。 26.B 【解析】句意:自从汤姆来到我们学校,他的中文已经提高了很多。他经常和我们一起练习。 考查现在完成时。根据句中的时间状语“since he came to our school”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,强调对现在的影响或结果,应用现在完成时,其谓语结构为have/has+过去分词。故选B。 27.A 【解析】句意:——杰克最近变化很大。——是的,他过去很害羞,但现在他自信又活跃。 考查时态与动词短语辨析。第一空,has changed已经改变,现在完成时;changed改变,一般过去时。根据时间状语“recently”可知,动作从过去持续到现在并对现在有影响,应用现在完成时has changed。第二空,used to过去常常;is used to习惯于。根据“but now he is confident”的对比可知,描述过去的状态“害羞”,应用used to be“过去常常是”。故选A。 28.A 【解析】句意:——我的电脑又能用了。——是的。你父亲已经修好了它。这花了他大约一个小时。 考查现在完成时。根据“My computer is working again.”可知,修电脑的动作发生在过去,且已完成,对现在造成了“电脑恢复正常使用”的影响,应使用现在完成时。故选A。 29.A 【解析】句意:——汤姆在哪里?我想和他打乒乓球。——他去了图书馆。你可以在那里找到他。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地,人未回来;has been to去过某地,人已回来;goes to一般现在时,表示经常性动作;have been in已在某地待了一段时间,主语应为复数或第一、二人称。根据答语“You may find him there”可知,汤姆现在可能在图书馆,强调他去了图书馆且尚未返回。故选A。 30.B 【解析】句意:史密斯先生在自然历史博物馆工作已经超过10年了,所以他对动物了解很多。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“for more than 10 years”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,强调对现在的影响,应用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。故选B。 31.D 【解析】句意:许多历史学家认为巨石阵已经存在大约5000年了。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“for almost 5000 years”可知,巨石阵从过去持续存在到现在,强调动作或状态的延续,应用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。 32.C 【解析】句意:我父亲自从大学毕业以来就一直在这家工厂工作。 考查现在完成时。works一般现在时,工作;worked一般过去时,工作过;has worked现在完成时,已经工作;had worked过去完成时,曾经工作过。根据时间状语“since he graduated from university”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时。故选C。 33.D 【解析】句意:我已经读过《鲁滨逊漂流记》了,但我还没有读过《金银岛》。 考查副词辨析。already已经(常用于肯定句);yet还、已经(常用于否定句和疑问句)。第一空为肯定句,表示“已经读过”,用already;第二空为否定句,表示“还没有读过”,用yet。故选D。 34.D 【解析】句意:高老师自1996年以来就一直在这所学校。 考查动词的时态与延续性动词的用法。has come to来到(短暂性动作);came to来到(一般过去时);has taught教过(但缺少宾语,且“teach”在此处不直接表示持续状态); has been in在/待在某地(延续性状态)。句中有“since 1996”,表示从过去持续到现在的状态,需用现在完成时,且动词需具有延续性。“come”为短暂性动词,不能与“since”连用表示持续;“has been in”表示“一直在某地”,符合语境。故选D。 35.A 【解析】句意:Ben成为一名老师已经快三年了。 考查现在完成时。has been已经是,表示状态持续;has become已经成为,表示完成,不延续;was是,be的过去式;became成为,过去式。根据“for nearly three years.”可知,句子强调从过去持续到现在的状态,需用现在完成时且动词需为延续性动词。become为非延续性动词,不能与for+时间段连用,而be是延续性动词,符合题意。故选A。 36.D 【解析】句意:汤姆的爷爷已经去世两个月了,汤姆现在仍然非常想念他。 考查动词时态和延续性动词的用法。根据“for two months”可知,动作或状态持续了两个月,需用延续性动词,die“死亡”是瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,因此第一空填has been dead表示状态。第二空由“now”可知,表示现在仍然想念,需用一般现在时,主语是“Tom”,填misses。故选D。 37.A 【解析】句意:汤姆拥有这辆车已经两个月了。 考查现在完成时。has had已经拥有;bought买;has bought已经购买;had got过去拥有。根据“for two months”可知,句子用现在完成时,且谓语动词需用延续性动词,buy和get都是短暂性动词,不与for+时间段连用,have是延续性动词,符合题意。故选A。 38.B 【解析】句意:——你感冒多久了?——三天了。我需要去看医生。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“For three days.”可知,感冒持续了三天,强调从过去持续到现在的状态,应用现在完成时。故选B。 39.D 【解析】句意:——你在这个项目上工作多久了?——半年了。它快要完成了。 考查动词时态。根据答语“For half a year.”(半年了)可知,该动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)。故选D。 40.D 【解析】句意:——我们回家看足球赛吧。——哦,太晚了。比赛已经结束半小时了。结果是一比零。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词。has finished已经完成,非延续性动词;has begun已经开始,非延续性动词;has been on已经进行,延续性动词;has been over已经结束,延续性动词。根据后半句“half an hour”这一时间段,可知谓语动词需用延续性动词或表示状态的短语。比赛“结束”这一状态是持续的,应用“has been over”。而“finish”是非延续性动词,不能与“for half an hour”连用。故选D。 41. stopped short 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“突然停住”,stop short“突然停住、戛然而止”,是固定短语;句中realized为过去式,表明时态为一般过去时,因此动词stop需用过去式stopped。故填stopped;short。 42. worried about 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“担心”,动词短语“worry about”意为“担心”;根据“couldn’t”可知,本句为一般过去时,谓语动词worry的过去式为worried。故填worried;about。 43. took my temperature 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“量了我的体温”。“量体温”用固定短语“take one’s temperature”表达;句子描述过去发生的动作,时态为一般过去时,take的过去式是took,“我的”用形容词性物主代词my。故填took;my;temperature。 44. went a long way 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“大有帮助”。“大有帮助”用固定短语“go a long way”表达;句子描述过去的建议带来的影响,时态为一般过去时,go的过去式是went。故填went;a;long;way。 45. searched for 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“寻找”,“寻找”英文为“search for”,是固定短语,句子描述的是过去发生的动作,因此search应用过去式searched。故填searched;for。 46. went off 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“响了”,“响了”英文为“go off”,是固定表达,根据“when the thief got in”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,因此应填动词go的过去式went。故填went;off。 47. There were 【解析】根据所给汉语意思可知,空缺处应该填的是“有”,表示“某地存在某物”用there be句型;根据“on display in the parade”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,主语“various advanced weapons and equipment”是复数,be动词用were,故填There;were。 48. received an award from 【解析】receive...from“从……获得……”,根据中文语境可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式received;an award“一个奖项”,名词作宾语。故填received;an;award;from。 49. made up 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“构成”。make up“构成,组成”,根据“Hundreds of years ago”可知,此句时态为一般过去时,make的过去式是made。故填made;up。 50. used to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“过去常常”。“过去常常做某事”用固定短语used to do sth.。故填used;to。 51. advised me to lose 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“建议我减肥”。“建议某人做某事”的固定表达是“advise sb. to do sth.”,“减肥”是“lose weight”,根据时间状语“yesterday”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,advise的过去式为advised,此处在动词后用宾格形式me“我”。故填advised;me;to;lose。 52. been used to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“习惯”,其英文表达为“be used to”,固定短语。根据“She has been in Shouxian for a month and ...”可知,and连接的两个并列句时态一致,前句为现在完成时态,故后句也为现在完成时态,其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,be动词的过去分词为been。故填been;used;to。 53. signed up 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“报名参加”,“报名参加”的英文为“sign up for”,是固定短语;句子为现在完成时“have+过去分词”,因此应填sign的过去分词为signed。故填signed;up。 54. Ever since 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“自从”,“自从……以来”英文为“ever since”,是固定短语,用于引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,置于句首首字母需大写。故填Ever;since。 55. have been to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“去过”。“去过(某地,人已返回)”常用现在完成时表达have/has been to,本句为特殊疑问句,主语是you,助动词用have。故填have;been;to。 56. has helped out 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“帮忙”。“帮忙”翻译为help out。根据句中“since the nursing home started”可知,是现在完成时,主语She为第三人称单数,现在完成时结构为has + 过去分词,help的过去分词为helped。故填has;helped;out。 57. Have ever been to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“曾经去过”,此句时态为现在完成时,故用have been to“去过”,ever“曾经”,放于一般疑问句中,用疑问语序,故have放于句首引导该一般疑问句需首字母大写。故填Have;ever;been;to。 58. have shared 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“已经分享”。share“分享”,动词,share sth with sb“和某人分享某物”。句尾有时间状语从句“since I returned to London”,表示动作从过去持续到现在,需用现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“I”为第一人称单数,助动词用“have”;动词“share”的过去分词为“shared”。故填have;shared。 59.【小题1】has 【小题2】been away 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“已经离开”,根据“for ten years”并结合句意可知,此句用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 动词的过去分词”;leave意为“离开”,非延续性动词,和一段时间“for ten years”连用时,应用其对应的延续性动词be away,be的过去分词为been;主语是he,助动词用三单形式has。故填has;been away。 60. hasn’t gone back 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“还没回”。根据“yet(还,仍)”可知,本句为现在完成时的否定句,结构为“hasn’t/haven’t + 过去分词”。主语“Tom”是第三人称单数,故用“hasn’t”;“回去”的固定搭配是“go back”,go的过去分词为gone。故填hasn’t;gone;back。 61. have been to 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“已经去过某地 (已返回)”,用动词短语“have/has been to ...”表示,主语I是第一人称,助动词用原形have。故填have;been;to。 62. have/are kept/keeping/been writing since 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“自从……以来,一直在写”。since“自从……以来”,write“写”,“since the class began”表示动作从过去某一时间点开始并持续到现在,可用现在完成进行时,结构为“have/has been + 现在分词”,主语是We,助动词用have,write的现在分词是writing,所以可填①have;②been;③writing;④since。keep doing sth.“一直做某事”,本身就有“持续做某事”的含义,可用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,主语是We,助动词用have,keep的过去分词是kept,所以可填①have;②kept;③writing;④since。在日常口语中,有时会用现在进行时强调当前正在持续的动作,结构为“am/is/are + 现在分词”,主语是We,be动词用are,keep的现在分词是keeping,所以可填①are;②keeping;③writing;④since。故填have/are;kept/keeping/been;writing;since。 63. has had since ago 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“买”和“自从……之前”,“自从……之前”的英文表达为“since + 时间段 + ago”;“四年了”表示动作从过去持续到现在,需用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。“买” (buy) 是瞬间动词,不能与表示一段时间的“since four years ago”连用,需转换为延续性动词have (拥有),其过去分词为had。主语He是第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has;had;since;ago。 64. have just arrived hasn’t come yet 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,缺少“刚刚到”和“还没有”的英文,并且整句应使用现在完成时。前半句中,主语We为复数,助动词用have,just表示“刚刚”置于助动词与过去分词之间,arrive的过去分词是arrived;后半句中,主语the boss为第三人称单数,助动词用has,否定形式为hasn't,“回来”用短语come back,come的过去分词为come,yet表示“还、仍”用于否定句句末。故填have;just;arrived;hasn’t;come;yet。 65. has been in 【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“已经参军”的英文表达。“参军”的短暂性动词短语是join the army,但句中for three years表示一段持续的时间,需要使用延续性表达“be in the army”;句子时态为现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,主语My brother是第三人称单数。故填has;been;in。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024) Unit 3 The world at one click语法讲练 目录 第一部分 语法知识清单锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心考点讲练用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 语法强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 语法知识清单 一、一般过去时(Simple Past Tense) 一般过去时是英语中表示过去时间范畴动作或状态的基础时态,核心用于描述发生在过去某个具体时间、已经结束的动作,或过去某一阶段存在的状态,也可用来表达过去习惯性、反复性的动作(常搭配always, often, usually等频度副词)。该时态的时间指向性明确,必须与表示过去的时间状语连用,常见的有yesterday(昨天)、last night(昨晚)、last week(上周)、two days ago(两天前)、in 2023(在2023年)、just now(刚才)、the day before yesterday(前天)、at that time(在那时)等,若无明确过去时间状语,需结合语境判断动作是否发生在过去。 1. 主体结构 一般过去时的结构分为实义动词作谓语和be动词作谓语两种情况,用法各有不同,具体如下: (1)实义动词作谓语 肯定句结构为“主语+实义动词过去式+其他”,例: She walked to school yesterday.(她昨天步行去上学了。) 否定句结构为“主语+didn’t+实义动词原形+其他”,注意加didn’t后,原过去式需变回动词原形,例: She didn’t walk to school yesterday.(她昨天没有步行去上学。) 疑问句结构为“Did+主语+实义动词原形+其他?”,答句也需对应使用did/didn’t,例: —Did she walk to school yesterday?(她昨天步行去上学了吗?) —Yes, she did./No, she didn’t.(是,她去了。/不,她没去。) (2)be动词作谓语 be动词的过去式为was和were,其中was用于主语是第一人称单数(I)、第三人称单数(He/She/It)的情况,were用于主语是第二人称(You)、第一人称复数(We)、第三人称复数(They)的情况。肯定句结构为“主语+was/were+表语+其他”,例: He was late for class this morning.(他今天早上上课迟到了。) They were in the library yesterday afternoon.(他们昨天下午在图书馆。) 否定句结构为“主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语+其他”,例: He wasn’t late for class this morning.(他今天早上上课没迟到。) 疑问句结构为“Was/Were+主语+表语+其他?”,答句对应使用was/were,例: —Were they in the library yesterday afternoon?(他们昨天下午在图书馆吗?) —Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.(是,他们在。/不,他们不在。) 2. 动词过去式变化规则 动词过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化两类,其中规则变化有明确规律可循,不规则变化需单独记忆,具体如下: (1)规则变化 ① 一般情况下,直接在动词词尾加-ed,例如work-worked(工作)、play-played(玩)、look-looked(看) ② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d,例如like-liked(喜欢)、love-loved(热爱)、dance-danced(跳舞) ③ 以重读闭音节结尾(即单词结构为“辅音+元音+辅音”,且重音在最后一个音节),且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,需双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,例如stop-stopped(停止)、plan-planned(计划)、shop-shopped(购物),注意以w、x、y结尾的重读闭音节动词,无需双写末尾字母,直接加-ed,如fix-fixed(修理) ④ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed,例如study-studied(学习)、carry-carried(携带)、try-tried(尝试),若y前面是元音字母,则直接加-ed,如play-played、enjoy-enjoyed(享受)。 (2)不规则变化 这类动词的过去式没有固定规律,需要同学们单独记忆、反复巩固,常见的不规则动词有go-went(去)、eat-ate(吃)、do-did(做)、see-saw(看见)、say-said(说)、take-took(拿)、have-had(有)等,建议结合例句记忆,加深理解和运用能力。 巩|固|练|习 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1.She ______ to the park with her family yesterday morning. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go 2.—Did you finish your homework last night? —No, I ______. I was too tired. A. didn’t B. don’t C. wasn’t D. won’t 3.They ______ in Beijing for three days last month. A. stay B. stayed C. are staying D. have stayed Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子 4.他昨天下午在家看了一部电影。(watch a movie) He ______ a movie at home yesterday afternoon. 5.我们上周没有去博物馆。(go to the museum) We ______ to the museum last week. 二、现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense) 现在完成时是连接过去与现在的重要时态,核心内涵有两大维度,同时搭配特定时间状语,需结合语境精准运用。 第一,强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的明确影响或留下的结果,动作本身可能已结束,但影响持续到当下; 第二,表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态,且该动作/状态仍有可能继续下去。常与这类时间状语连用:already(已经,多用于肯定句,可置于句中或句末)、yet(还、尚未,多用于否定句和疑问句,置于句末)、just(刚刚,置于助动词与过去分词之间)、ever(曾经,多用于疑问句)、never(从未,多用于否定句)、for+时间段(表示动作持续的时长,如for three years)、since+时间点/从句(表示动作开始的时间,如since 2020、since he was a child)、so far(到目前为止)、recently(最近)等。例: He has finished his homework.(他已经做完作业了,结果是现在可以休息了) We have lived here for ten years.(我们在这里住了十年,现在仍住在这里) 1. 主体结构 现在完成时的基本结构为“主语+have/has+动词过去分词(done)”,其中have/has为助动词,无实际意义,仅用来构成时态,动词过去分词是核心,体现动作本身。主语的人称和数决定助动词的选用:主语为第一人称(I/We)、第二人称(You)、第三人称复数(They)时,用have;主语为第三人称单数(He/She/It)及单数名词、代词时,用has。拓展结构如下: ① 否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词,缩写形式为haven’t/hasn’t,例: She hasn’t finished her homework yet.(她还没做完作业。) ② 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他?,答句需对应使用have/has或haven’t/hasn’t,例: —Have you seen this movie?(你看过这部电影吗?) —Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.(是,我看过。/不,我没看过。) ③ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他?,例: How long have you lived here?(你在这里住多久了?) 2. 动词过去分词变化 过去分词是构成现在完成时的关键,变化规则分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。 ① 规则变化:与一般过去时的过去式变化规则完全一致,无需额外记忆,例如work-worked-worked(工作)、like-liked-liked(喜欢)、stop-stopped-stopped(停止)、study-studied-studied(学习) ② 不规则变化:这类动词的过去分词无固定规律,需单独记忆,且部分动词的过去式与过去分词形式不同,需特别区分,常见例子有eat-ate-eaten(吃)、write-wrote-written(写)、go-went-gone(去)、do-did-done(做)、take-took-taken(拿)、see-saw-seen(看见)、have-had-had(有)等,建议结合时态例句成对记忆,避免混淆。 【注意事项】 ① 现在完成时的核心是“连接过去与现在”,因此绝对不能与表示具体、确定过去时间的状语连用,这类状语如yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、two days ago(两天前)、in 2023(在2023年)、just now(刚才)等,若句子中出现这类时间状语,需改用一般过去时。例: He finished his homework yesterday.(不能说He has finished his homework yesterday.) ② 若要同时强调动作发生的具体过去时间和对现在的影响,可将现在完成时与一般过去时结合,或用从句补充时间,例: I have known him since we met last year.(自从我们去年认识,我就一直认识他。),从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。 ③ 区分“for+时间段”与“since+时间点”:for后接时长,说明动作持续多久,如for five months(五个月);since后接时间起点,说明动作从何时开始,如since May(从五月起),二者可相互转换,例: He has studied English for three years.=He has studied English since three years ago.(他已经学了三年英语了。) 巩|固|练|习 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1.My brother ______ the book twice since last month. A. reads B. read C. has read D. will read 2.—Have you ever ______ to Shanghai? —Yes, I went there last year. A. been B. gone C. go D. went 3.We ______ here for five years. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. are living Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子 4.她已经完成了她的作业。 She ______ her homework already. 5.自从2020年以来,他就住在这座城市。(live in this city) He ______ in this city since 2020. ◇Part 02 核心考点讲练 核心考点1:时态标志词的辨析 这是中考高频基础考点,核心在于根据时间状语快速锁定时态。一般过去时的标志词多为具体、明确的过去时间点或时间段,仅指向过去,如yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、just now(刚才)、the day before yesterday(前天)、in 2023(在2023年)等,出现这类状语时谓语动词必须用过去式。现在完成时的标志词侧重体现“过去与现在的关联”,分为两类:一类是表“结果”的already(肯定句,已完成)、yet(否定/疑问句,尚未)、ever(曾经)、never(从未);另一类是表“持续”的for+时间段(如for 3 years)、since+时间点/从句(如since 2020/since he was 10),这类状语不可与一般过去时连用。 例题: 1. — When did you finish your homework? — I ______ it last night. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish 2. My parents ______ in this city for over 10 years. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live 3. — Have you seen the movie before? — Yes, I ______ it with my sister just now. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see 答案与解析 1. B 【解析】句中last night是一般过去时的标志词,强调过去发生的动作,谓语动词用过去式finished。 2. C 【解析】for over 10 years是现在完成时的标志词,表动作从过去持续到现在,谓语动词用have+过去分词lived。 3. B 【解析】just now是一般过去时的标志词,虽问句用现在完成时,但答句描述过去具体时间发生的动作,用过去式saw。 核心考点2:时态含义的区分 此考点侧重语义理解,是易混淆点。一般过去时仅客观陈述“过去发生过的动作或存在的状态”,动作已结束且与现在无任何关联,不强调对现在的影响,仅说明过去的事实。而现在完成时的核心是“过去动作对现在的牵连”,要么体现过去动作带来的现在结果(如I have lost my key. 暗示现在仍没找到,无法开门),要么体现动作从过去持续到现在(如He has lived here since 2018. 暗示他现在还住在这里),本质是连接过去与现在。一般过去时常用yesterday、last week、just now等表过去的具体时间状语;现在完成时常用already、yet、ever、for+时间段、since+时间点等表过去动作对现在的影响或持续状态。 例题: 1. She ______ to Beijing last year, and she ______ there twice so far. A. went; has been B. goes; went C. has gone; has been D. went; went 2. — Why are you late? — I ______ my keys at home and had to go back for them. A. forget B. forgot C. have forgotten D. will forget 3. We ______ the Great Wall already, it’s very wonderful. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. are visiting 答案与解析 1. A 【解析】第一空last year表过去具体动作,用一般过去时went;第二空so far(到目前为止)表过去动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时has been(去过某地,已返回)。 2. B 【解析】“忘记带钥匙”是过去发生的动作,仅描述过去事实,与现在是否还忘无关,用一般过去时forgot。 3. C 【解析】already是现在完成时标志词,强调“已经参观过长城”这一过去动作带来的现在结果(知道长城很棒),用have visited。 ◇Part 03 语法强化训练 提|升|练|习 一、单项选择 1.Our basketball team ________ the No.1 Middle School team yesterday. A.won B.refused C.defeated D.overcame 2.My father ________ drink coffee every morning, but now he ________ drinking tea, because tea ________ help him keep healthy. A.used to; is used to; is used to B.used to; used to; is used to C.is used to; used to; used to D.is used to; is used to; used to 3.The swimmer ________ into the river to save the drowning (溺水的) child. A.dug B.dropped C.dived D.drove 4.The big storm ________ most of the crops. A.harmed B.rolled C.burnt D.fried 5.The group worked hard to ________ their performance to the class and got the high praise from the teacher. A.promise B.prepare C.present D.practise 6.Many people ________ clothes and money to the earthquake-hit area last month. A.sold B.donated C.bought D.borrowed 7.His nose ________ during the basketball game, because it was ________ by a basketball. A.bleed; hit B.bled; hit C.shock; lay D.harmed; shocked 8. The mascots ________ many people’s eyes in the 15th National Games. A.touched B.caught C.hit D.bumped 9.The little boy was very excited when he ________ a new toy car. A.accepted B.received C.sold D.refused 10.My uncle ________ a very kind-hearted woman last year. They live happily now. A.moved B.inspired C.praised D.married 11.After losing the game, Peter’s father came to his room and ________ him some good advice. A.gives B.gave C.will give D.has given 12.On November 30, Milkesa ________ first at the 2025 Shanghai Marathon with a time of 2:06:25. A.finishes B.finished C.has finished D.had finished 13.The strong waves ________ against the rocks, making a loud noise. A.walked B.beat C.shook D.pushed 14.Tom seldom practiced and didn’t pay attention to the details, so he ________ the test last week. A.failed B.fails C.will fail D.has failed 15.The alarm ________ early this morning, so I didn’t oversleep. A.turned off B.went off C.put off D.fell off 16.So far, more and more students ________ good learning habits by making plans. A.develop B.have developed C.developed D.will develop 17.Neither the students nor their teacher _________ Guilin before. A.has gone to B.have been to C.have gone to D.has been to 18.—Look at these pictures. I _______ them for three years. —Wow, they’re wonderful. A.bought B.have bought C.kept D.have kept 19.—How long _______ you _______ in Huainan, Mr Green? —Since last month. A.did; come B.do; come C.have; come D.have; been 20.—How tidy the bedroom is! —Yes. I’m sure someone ________ it already. A.clean B.cleaned C.will clean D.has cleaned 21.—Could you ________ me your English dictionary? Mine was left at my home. —Sorry. Tony ________ it. A.borrow; lent B.borrow; has lent C.lend; has borrowed D.lend; has lent 22.Mr. Green ________ Chinese for three years. He is much better at it now. A.learns B.was learning C.has learned D.will learn 23.Jim has learned a lot about Chinese culture ________ he began to study in our school. A.after B.when C.until D.since 24.Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A.has begun B.began C.has been on D.will begin 25.—How long has your aunt lived in this city? —She ________ here for five years. A.lives B.has lived C.lived D.is living 26.Tom’s Chinese ________ a lot since he came to our school. He often practices it with us. A.improves B.has improved C.will improve D.improved 27.—Jack ________ so much recently. —Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active. A.has changed; used to B.changed; is used to C.changed; used to D.has changed; is used to 28.—My computer is working again. —Yes. Your father ________ it. It took him about an hour. A.has fixed B.will fix C.is fixing D.was fixing 29.—Where is Tom? I want to play ping-pong with him. —He ________ the library. You may find him there. A.has gone to B.has been to C.goes to D.have been in 30.Mr Smith ________ at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years, so he knows a lot about animals. A.is working B.has worked C.was working D.will work 31.Many historians believe that Stonehenge ________ around for almost 5000 years. A.is B.was C.will be D.has been 32.My father ________ in this factory since he graduated from university. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.had worked 33.I have read Robinson Crusoe ________, but I haven’t read Treasure Island ________. A.already; already B.yet; yet C.yet; already D.already; yet 34.Miss Gao________ this school since 1996. A.has come to B.came to C.has taught D.has been in 35.Ben ________ a teacher for nearly three years. A.has been B.has become C.was D.became 36.Tom’s grandfather ________ for two months and Tom still ________ him very much now. A.has died; has missed B.has been dead; has missed C.has died; misses D.has been dead; misses 37.Tom ________ the car for two months. A.has had B.bought C.has bought D.had got 38.—How long ________ you ________ a cold? —For three days. I need to see a doctor. A.do; have B.have; had C.did; have D.have; been having 39.—How long ________ you ________ on this project? —For half a year. It’s almost finished. A.do; work B.will; work C.did; work D.have; worked 40.—Let’s go home to watch the football match. —Oh, it’s too late. The match ________ for half an hour. And the result was 1-0. A.has finished B.has begun C.has been on D.has been over 二、完成句子 41.当她意识到自己说错了话时,她突然停住了。 She when she realized she had said the wrong thing. 42.她担心考试会不及格,因此她睡不着觉。 She failing the test so she couldn’t sleep. 43.护士量了我的体温并且说我发烧了。 The nurse and said that I had a fever. 44.你的建议大有帮助,让我完成了这个项目。 Your advice in helping me finish the project. 45.救援队在灾区寻找幸存者。 Rescue teams survivors in the disaster area. 46.小偷进来时,警报响了。 The alarm when the thief got in. 47.在阅兵中展示了各种各样的先进武器和装备。 various advanced weapons and equipment on display in the parade. 48.这位年轻的科学家从一个著名的国际组织那里获得了一个奖项。 The young scientist a famous international organization. 49.数百年前,森林和湖泊构成了塞罕坝的生态系统,使得它成为皇家猎场。 Hundreds of years ago, forests and lakes the ecosystem of Saihanba, making it a royal hunting ground. 50.我爸爸过去常常开车上班,但是现在他坐公共汽车。 My father go to work by car, but now he takes the bus. 51.昨天,我的医生建议我减肥。 My doctor weight yesterday. 52.她去寿县已经一个月了并且已经习惯了寿县的食物。 She has been in Shouxian for a month and she’s Shouxian’s food. 53.你报名参加阅读挑战赛了吗? Have you for the reading challenge yet? 54.自从来到中国,我学到了很多关于中国文化的知识。 I came to China, I’ve learned a lot about Chinese culture. 55.你去过多少个国家? How many countries you ? 56.自从养老院开办以来,她一直在那里帮忙。 She there since the nursing home started. 57.你曾经去过电影院吗? you the cinema? 58.自从我回到伦敦,我已经和我的同学分享了我的照片。 I my photos with my classmates since I returned to London. 59.他已经离开家乡十年了。 He from his hometown for ten years. 60.汤姆还没回他的房间。 Tom to his room yet. 61.我去过北京三次。 I Beijing three times. 62.自从上课以来,我们一直在写。 We the class began. 63.他买这辆车四年了。 He this car four years . 64.我们刚刚到,但是老板还没有回来。 We , but the boss back . 65.我哥哥已经参军三年了。 My brother the army for three years. ( 1 / 1 )学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 3 The world at one click(语法讲练)-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024)
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Unit 3 The world at one click(语法讲练)-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024)
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Unit 3 The world at one click(语法讲练)-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(译林版2024)
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