内容正文:
人教英语八下Unit2单词讲解表
单词
核心搭配
重点考点
经典例句
ourselves /ˌaʊəˈselvz/ pron. 我们自己
by ourselves 独自;enjoy ourselves 玩得开心;help ourselves 自便
核心考点:反身代词,强调“我们亲自、我们自己”;用法:常作宾语或同位语,不可单独作主语
We finished the difficult task by ourselves. 我们独自完成了这项艰巨的任务。
sore /sɔː(r)/ adj. 疼痛的;酸痛的
sore throat 喉咙痛;sore legs 腿疼;sore back 背痛
核心考点:固定搭配,常与身体部位连用,表“某部位酸痛/疼痛”;无比较级变化
I have a sore throat and can’t speak loudly. 我喉咙痛,没法大声说话。
throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙
have a sore throat 喉咙痛;clear one’s throat 清嗓子;throat infection 喉咙感染
核心考点:可数名词,最常与sore连用构成固定短语;发音注意/θ/的正确读法
She cleared her throat before starting to sing. 她清了清嗓子才开始唱歌。
stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ n. 胃痛;肚子疼
have a stomachache 胃痛;get a stomachache 胃疼
核心考点:复合词,由stomach(胃)+ache(疼)构成;可数名词,固定搭配用have
He had a stomachache after eating too much ice cream. 他吃太多冰淇淋后胃痛了。
headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n. 头痛
have a headache 头痛;have a bad headache 头痛得厉害
核心考点:复合词,由head(头)+ache(疼)构成;注意:不可说have headache,需加a
I need to rest because I have a bad headache. 我头痛得厉害,需要休息。
toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ n. 牙痛
have a toothache 牙痛;get a toothache 牙疼
核心考点:复合词,由tooth(牙)+ache(疼)构成;对应职业为dentist(牙医)
She went to the dentist because of a toothache. 她因为牙痛去看牙医了。
backache /ˈbækeɪk/ n. 背痛;腰痛
have a backache 背痛;suffer from a backache 受背痛困扰
核心考点:复合词,由back(背)+ache(疼)构成;常与久坐、劳累等场景搭配
Sitting for too long gave him a backache. 久坐让他背痛。
press /pres/ v. 压;按;挤;推
press a button 按按钮;press sb to do sth 催促某人做某事;press hard 用力按
核心考点:多义动词,重点掌握“按压”和“催促”两层含义;及物动词,可直接接宾语
Please press the red button to start the machine. 请按红色按钮启动机器。
nosebleed /ˈnəʊzbliːd/ n. 鼻出血
have a nosebleed 鼻出血;stop a nosebleed 止血
核心考点:复合词,由nose(鼻子)+bleed(流血)构成;可数名词,常用搭配have a nosebleed
He had a nosebleed after hitting his face. 他撞到脸后流鼻血了。
dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙科医生
go to the dentist 看牙医;see a dentist 看牙医;dentist’s office 牙医诊所
核心考点:可数名词,职业类词汇;对应病症为toothache(牙痛),固定搭配go to the dentist
I’m going to the dentist to check my teeth. 我要去看牙医检查牙齿。
fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ n. 发烧
have a fever 发烧;have a high fever 发高烧;take one’s temperature 量体温(配套搭配)
核心考点:不可数名词,固定搭配用have,不可说have fever;常与take one’s temperature连用
She has a high fever and needs to see a doctor. 她发高烧了,得看医生。
stomach /ˈstʌmək/ n. 胃;腹部
stomach ache 胃痛(同stomachache);have a stomach ache 胃痛;empty stomach 空腹
核心考点:可数名词;常与ache连用构成stomachache,注意两种写法均可(分开/连写)
Her stomach hurts after eating spicy food. 她吃了辣的食物后胃疼。
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免;防止
avoid doing sth 避免做某事;avoid sb/sth 避开某人/物;avoid mistakes 避免错误
核心考点:易错点,后接动名词(doing),绝对不接不定式(to do);及物动词
You should avoid eating too much junk food. 你应该避免吃太多垃圾食品。
gas /ɡæs/ n. 气体;燃气
cook with gas 用燃气做饭;natural gas 天然气;gas station 加油站
核心考点:不可数名词(表“燃气、气体”时);口语中可缩写为gas(美式),无复数
We use gas to heat the house in winter. 我们冬天用燃气取暖。
ache /eɪk/ n. & v. 疼痛
headache(头痛);toothache(牙痛);ache all over 浑身疼;ache badly 疼得厉害
核心考点:词性辨析,作名词常与身体部位构成复合词;作动词表“持续疼痛”
My legs ache after running 5 kilometers. 跑了5公里后我的腿疼。
X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X光照片;X射线
take an X-ray 拍X光片;X-ray machine X光机
核心考点:可数名词,首字母必须大写;固定搭配用take,不可说do an X-ray
The doctor asked him to take an X-ray of his arm. 医生让他拍手臂的X光片。
careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的;粗心的
be careless with sth 对某物粗心;careless mistake 粗心的错误;careless driver 粗心的司机
核心考点:反义词为careful(细心的);派生词,由care(关心)+less(否定后缀)构成
He made a careless mistake in the exam. 他考试中犯了个粗心的错误。
runny /ˈrʌni/ adj. 流鼻涕的;流眼泪的
runny nose 流鼻涕;runny eyes 流眼泪;runny nose and cough 流鼻涕加咳嗽
核心考点:形容词,常与nose、eyes搭配,表“流出液体的”;无比较级
She has a runny nose because of a cold. 她感冒了,流鼻涕。
cough /kɒf/ n. & v. 咳嗽
have a cough 咳嗽;cough badly 咳得厉害;cough day and night 日夜咳嗽
核心考点:词性辨析,作名词用have a cough;作动词可直接接宾语或状语
He coughed a lot and couldn’t sleep well. 他咳得厉害,睡不好觉。
bruised /bruːzd/ adj. 受了瘀伤的
bruised arm 瘀伤的手臂;bruised leg 瘀伤的腿;bruised face 瘀伤的脸
核心考点:词形关联,动词为bruise(使瘀伤),过去式/过去分词为bruised;作形容词表状态
His leg was bruised after falling down. 他摔倒后腿瘀伤了。
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. 受苦;遭受
suffer from 受苦;suffer pain 忍受痛苦;suffer from illness 患病
核心考点:易错点,suffer from 后接疾病、困难等具体事物;suffer 后直接接痛苦、损失
She suffers from a bad back. 她背部有旧疾。
take a seat 坐下
无拓展搭配
核心考点:同义短语为sit down,take a seat 更礼貌、正式;可用于接待、就医等场景
Please take a seat and wait for the doctor. 请坐下等医生。
take one’s temperature 给某人体温
无拓展搭配
核心考点:固定短语,“take”不可替换为do或make;one’s 需根据主语替换(my/your/his等)
The nurse took my temperature and said it was normal. 护士给我量了体温,说很正常。
test /test/ n. & v. 检查;测验
have a test 考试;test sth 检测某物;blood test 血液检查
核心考点:词性辨析,作名词表“测验、检查”;作动词表“检测、测试”,可用于医疗、学习场景
The doctor tested his blood to check his health. 医生检测了他的血液来检查健康状况。
flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒
have the flu 得流感;get the flu 患流感;flu vaccine 流感疫苗
核心考点:不可数名词,固定搭配用have the flu,必须加the;区别于普通cold(感冒)
She stayed home because she had the flu. 她得了流感,待在家里。
medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药;医学
take medicine 吃药;traditional Chinese medicine 中药;cold medicine 感冒药
核心考点:不可数名词(表“药”时);固定搭配用take,不可说eat medicine;表“医学”时为不可数
The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a day. 医生让他一天吃三次药。
mask /mɑːsk/ n. 口罩
wear a mask 戴口罩;medical mask 医用口罩;take off a mask 摘口罩
核心考点:可数名词;固定搭配用wear,表“戴口罩”;口语中可简写为mask
We need to wear masks in crowded places. 我们在拥挤的地方需要戴口罩。
virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒
spread a virus 传播病毒;virus infection 病毒感染;fight a virus 对抗病毒
核心考点:可数名词,复数为viruses(特殊变化,不直接加es);常与spread、infection搭配
The virus spreads easily in winter. 这种病毒在冬天很容易传播。
stop ... from doing 防止……;阻止……
无拓展搭配
核心考点:同义短语为prevent ... from doing;可省略from,即stop sb doing sth(英式用法)
We should stop people from cutting down trees. 我们应该阻止人们砍树。
description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n. 描写;形容
give a description of sth 描述某物;a detailed description 详细描述
核心考点:词形关联,动词为describe(描述),派生名词;固定搭配give a description of
Can you give a description of the thief? 你能描述一下那个小偷吗?
patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 病人;adj. 有耐心的
be patient with sb 对某人有耐心;hospital patient 医院病人;be patient to do sth 耐心做某事
核心考点:词性辨析,作名词为“病人”(可数);作形容词“有耐心的”,反义词为impatient
The teacher is patient with her students. 这位老师对学生很有耐心。
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害;损伤
serious injury 严重伤害;get an injury 受伤;avoid injury 避免受伤
核心考点:词形关联,动词为injure(使受伤);可数名词,复数为injuries
He got an injury in the car accident. 他在车祸中受伤了。
illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病
serious illness 重病;suffer from an illness 患病;recover from an illness 康复
核心考点:词形关联,形容词为ill(生病的);不可数名词(表“疾病”总称),可数(表“一种病”)
His mother is recovering from a serious illness. 他妈妈正在从重病中康复。
knife /naɪf/ n. (pl. knives) 刀
a kitchen knife 菜刀;cut with a knife 用刀切;a sharp knife 锋利的刀
核心考点:复数变化(易错),以“f”结尾,变f为v加es,即knives;可数名词
Be careful with the knife—it’s very sharp. 小心这把刀,它很锋利。
clear /klɪə(r)/ adj. 清晰的;v. 清理
clear sky 晴朗的天空;clear the table 清理桌子;clear voice 清晰的声音
核心考点:词性辨析,作形容词表“清晰的、晴朗的”;作动词表“清理、清除”,及物动词
The water in the lake is so clear that we can see the fish. 湖水很清澈,我们能看到鱼。
pain /peɪn/ n. 疼痛;痛苦
in pain 处于痛苦中;physical pain 身体疼痛;mental pain 精神痛苦
核心考点:不可数名词(表“疼痛”总称);固定搭配in pain,表“处于疼痛状态”
He cried out in pain after breaking his leg. 他摔断腿后疼得叫了出来。
what’s more 更有甚者;更为重要的是
无拓展搭配
核心考点:副词短语,用于句首或句中,表递进关系;可替换为besides、also
The house is big. What’s more, it’s in a good location. 这房子很大,而且位置很好。
brightness /ˈbraɪtnəs/ n. 亮度
adjust the brightness 调整亮度;screen brightness 屏幕亮度
核心考点:词形关联,形容词为bright(明亮的),派生名词;不可数名词,无复数
You can adjust the screen brightness to protect your eyes. 你可以调整屏幕亮度来保护眼睛。
environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境
protect the environment 保护环境;natural environment 自然环境;living environment 生活环境
核心考点:不可数名词;固定搭配protect the environment,为单元重点短语
We should do our part to protect the environment. 我们应该尽自己的一份力保护环境。
cross /krɒs/ v. 穿越;横过
cross the road 过马路;cross a river 渡河;cross the street 穿过街道
核心考点:及物动词,后直接接地点名词;同义短语为go across,cross为动词,across为介词
Look both ways before crossing the road. 过马路前要左右看。
catch fire 着火
无拓展搭配
核心考点:不及物动词短语,表“着火”的动作;区别于on fire(表“着火的状态”)
The house caught fire because of a short circuit. 房子因为短路着火了。
themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他(或她、它)们自己
by themselves 独自;help themselves 自便;enjoy themselves 玩得开心
核心考点:反身代词,对应主语they;用法同ourselves,强调“他们亲自”
The kids dressed themselves this morning. 孩子们今天早上自己穿的衣服。
fry /fraɪ/ v. 油炸;油煎
fry eggs 煎鸡蛋;fried chicken 炸鸡;fry potatoes 煎土豆
核心考点:词形变化,过去式/过去分词为fried;派生词fried(adj. 油炸的)
She likes to fry potatoes for breakfast. 她早餐喜欢煎土豆。
turn on 接通(电流、煤气等);打开
turn on the light 开灯;turn on the gas 打开燃气;turn on the TV 打开电视
核心考点:反义短语为turn off(关闭);区别于open(打开门窗、盒子等实物)
Please turn on the TV—I want to watch the news. 请打开电视,我想看新闻。
stove /stəʊv/ n. 厨房灶具;炉子
cook on the stove 在炉子上做饭;gas stove 燃气灶;electric stove 电炉
核心考点:可数名词;常与cook搭配,表“在炉子上烹饪”;口语中可简写为stove
She is cooking soup on the stove. 她在炉子上煮汤。
happily /ˈhæpɪli/ adv. 快乐地
live happily 快乐地生活;smile happily 开心地笑;play happily 开心地玩
核心考点:词形关联,形容词为happy(开心的),派生副词,变y为i加ly;作状语修饰动词
They lived happily ever after. 他们从此幸福地生活在一起。
no way 不可能;没门
无拓展搭配
核心考点:口语化短语,表坚决拒绝或否定,语气较强;不可用于正式场合
—Can I borrow your car? —No way! “我能借你的车吗?”“没门!”
burn /bɜːn/ v. (burnt) 燃烧;着火
burn the paper 烧纸;get burnt 被烧伤;burn down 烧毁
核心考点:词形变化,过去式/过去分词为burnt(英式)或burned(美式),均可使用
Be careful not to burn your hand on the hot stove. 小心别被热炉子烫伤手。
on fire 着火;起火
无拓展搭配
核心考点:介词短语,表“着火的状态”;区别于catch fire(表“着火”的动作),常与be动词连用
The building was on fire and firefighters arrived quickly. 大楼着火了,消防员很快赶到。
flame /fleɪm/ n. 火焰
flames of fire 火焰;put out the flame 灭火;big flames 大火苗
核心考点:可数名词,复数为flames;常与fire搭配,表“火焰、火苗”
The flames spread quickly through the forest. 火焰在森林里迅速蔓延。
panic /ˈpænɪk/ n. 惊恐;恐慌
in panic 惊慌地;cause panic 引起恐慌;get into a panic 陷入恐慌
核心考点:词性辨析,作名词为不可数;作动词表“惊慌”,过去式为panicked
People ran out of the building in panic. 人们惊慌地跑出大楼。
onto /ˈɒntuː/ prep. 向;朝
jump onto the table 跳到桌子上;put onto 放到……上面;climb onto 爬到……上面
核心考点:介词,表“到……表面上”,强调“从外部到表面”;区别于on(表“在……上面”)
She put the book onto the shelf. 她把书放到书架上。
throw /θrəʊ/ v. (threw/thrown) 扔;抛
throw away 扔掉;throw at sb 朝某人扔;throw sth to sb 把某物扔给某人
核心考点:词形变化(易错),过去式threw,过去分词thrown;throw at 表“朝……扔(有恶意)”
Don’t throw rubbish on the ground. 别把垃圾扔在地上。
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