Unit 6 课文、书后题、课文重点短语讲解 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

八下单元重点【U6】Living with nature Understanding ideas From the eyes of Lao Shu 1 It was an early morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. · 讲（1）：Grain in Ear 芒种 · 讲（2）：sweetly /swi:tli/ adv.悦耳动听地，好听地 由“sweet（adj. 悦耳的）+ -ly（副词后缀）”构成。 e.g.: She sang sweetly, and everyone in the room stopped to listen. 【拓】sweet的常见用法： sweet adj.悦耳的/ → UCn. 芳香；甜美 n. 糖果/ / 亲爱的 →v. （使）变甜；使温和；贿赂 练习：用sweet适当形式填空（词性转换串联造句） The smell of flowers fills the garden, and the birds sing in the trees. We can all feel the of nature, and no one needs to this beautiful moment with anything else. 1. The little bird sings (sweet) in the tree every morning. 2. Don't eat too many (sweet). They're bad for your teeth. 3. The (sweet) of the cherry blossoms makes the park beautiful in spring. 4. She has a (sweet) voice and she wants to be a singer. Villagers hurried to the fields. Under the blue sky, golden fields shone like the sun. The wind blew, sending sweet smells into the air. Adults were busy cutting the wheat. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 2 This is one of the best memories of my childhood. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. · 讲： the countryside 在农村 Most of the villagers there lived by farming. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. · 讲：the 24 Solar Terms 二十四节气 The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives. The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me. I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 3 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. · 讲：（1）especially与specially especially 尤其；特别 常用来对前面所述的事件进行 或补充，后跟名词、代词、介词短语或从句等。该词不用于句首。 specially 专门；特地 多指为了某一 而做某事，仅能修饰动词 / 动词短语 / 不定式 e.g.: It is hot here in summer, especially this summer, so I went specially to the mall to buy an air conditioner yesterday. 练： 用 especially/specially 填空，注意修饰对象和搭配： 1. The weather is cold today. 2. My father bought a new bike for me. 3. I love sports, swimming. 4. This room is for children to study. · 讲：（2）wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ UCn.智慧，知识，学问 → adj. 聪明的 比较级 最高级 → adv. 聪明地 e.g.: Xuankong Temple shows the ancient Chinese wisdom in both engineering and design. 悬空寺展现了古代中国在工程和设计方面的智慧。 练：wisdom适当形式填空 1. We can gain from our parents and teachers. 2. She made a very decision. 3. You need to manage your time . In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. · 讲：below /bɪˈləʊ/ [ prep. ]在……的下面 →【反】 高于；在……上面 表示低于某一 / 某一 below the window below the average e.g.: At over 152 metres below the surface of the water, the daylight is almost gone. We are flying above the clouds. ［ ］在下面；以下 ▲注意区分词性 e.g.: For more information, see below. Write your name below. Below are some useful tips to help you make more friends at school. Below are some important tips for … (your overseas trip). 辨析below与under （在…下） below 表示在某物的下方,但不一定是在正下方 反义词:above under 表示在某物的正下方 反义词:over e.g.: （可选择口头陈述） 用词 under the hat below the picture under the bridge below the warning line the age of 12 12 岁以下（法律 / 规定界限） 练习：区分below/ under 1. The river flows the bridge. 2. Please write your answers the questions. 3. The temperature is zero in winter here. 4. Children 6 can take the bus for free. Now people may be moving away from farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to our hearts. 4 The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China". · 讲：辨析be known as/ be known for/ be known to be known as “以.......身份/称号知名;被认为是......”；后接“ ”，强调“人们对其的定位” be known for “因......(特质、成就)而知名”；后接“ ”，强调“出名的原因” be known to “为…… (人群) 所熟知”;后接“ ”，强调“知名度覆盖的范围” e.g.: Dalian is known as a famous coastal port city, known for its delicious seafood and beautiful scenery, and known to travelers all over the world. 大连作为著名的滨海港口城市而闻名，因美味的海鲜和秀丽的风光被熟知，也为世界各地的游客所了解。 Mo Yan is known as a famous writer. Hangzhou is known for the West Lake. This story is known to most children. 练：单项选择。 1. Xi'an is known an ancient capital of China. A.to B. for C.as D. of 2. Tony is good at everything, especially sports. He is known everyone in our school. A.to B. for C. as D. of 3.Chengdu known its delicious hot pot and relaxing lifestyle. A. is; as B. was; for C.is; for D. was; to 4. Tu Youyou, who known “the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", has saved many lives. A.is; as B. are; to C. was; for D. were; as They help people understand why nature works this way. Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. · 讲：arrival n.到达,到来 ［ ］到达者；［ ］（新技术、新思想的）引进，推行 → v. 到达，抵达 过去式 过去分词 arrive +大地点 (城市、国家、省份等大范围地点) arrive +小地点 (车站、学校、公园、家等具体场所) e.g.: We are excited about the arrival of the new year. The first arrivals at the concert got the best seats. The arrival of AI has changed our lives. My pen pal arrived in China for a study trip last month. Please call me when you arrive at the train station. 练：适当形式填空+单选 1. His (arrive) brought us a lot of joy. 2. We are sorry for the late (arrive) of the train. 3. My parents will New York next Friday for a business trip. A. arrive in B. arrive at C. arrive to D. arrive 4. Could you send me a message as soon as you the bus stop? A. arrive at B. arrive in C. arrive for D. arrive 5. Our school team plans to Sichuan Province next month to take part in a national competition. A. arrive at B. arrive with C. arrive in D. arrive 6. Lily as soon as I finished calling her mother yesterday. A. arrived in B. arrived C. arrived at D. arrival 7. The of the police made the thief run away. A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. arrival For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. The ancient calendar has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. P86 根据课文回答问题： Choose Lao Shu's idea about the24 Solar Terms. a They are the only way to understand the changing of weather through the year. b They stay part of people's lives, even though fewer people are farmers. c Most people don't understand them, so they need to be studied by experts. Complete the notes with the words and expressions from the passage. The 24 Solar Terms in Lao Shu's eyes ·Most of the villagers in Lao Shu's hometown lived by 1 . ·The 24 Solar Terms 2 both their 3 and 4 . ·He always feels 5 when a new term is set to begin. ·He longed to share these feelings in his 6 and poems. ·Many people, especially the young, are 7taking a newinterest in the 24 Solar Terms. ·The 24 Solar Terms help people understand why 8 works this way. ·The 24 Solar Terms also bear social and 9 meanings. Developing ideas A river of life below the earth 1 You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. · 讲：（1）probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv.很可能，大概 → 【近】 表示推测。常用于肯定句中，位于助动词、情态动词或系动词be之 ，实义动词之 。 → adj. 很可能的 e.g.: It will probably rain tomorrow. I was probably even more nervous than you were! It is probable that we will win. 我们很可能会赢。 · 讲：（2）west n.西部\西方（强调方向）→ adj. 西方的；西部的 （区域） 向西的；西部的 用于 词前作 语 向西；朝西 e.g.: It’s raining in the west of the city. The trade from China to the West helped to spread the popularity of tea. East or west, home is best. Jenny lives in the west part of the town. They went west towards California. 表示“西方（国家）的”时,首字母常大写。 Western people eat with knives and forks while Chinese people use chopsticks. But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. · 讲：east /i:st/ n.东部/ 东；东方 东方的；东部的 向东；朝东 e.g.: He turned and walked away towards the east. I don’t know the east coast well. The plane flew east. the east of 在……的东部（内部） the east of 在……的东部（外部,接壤） the east of 在……的东部（外部,不接壤） 练：介词in/ on/ to 填空 （地理） 1. Shandong is the east of China. 2. Jiangxi Province is the east of Hunan Province. 3. Fujian Province is the east of Hunan Province. 2 It's known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. That's enough to make your feet burn! It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand. · 讲：crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj.疯狂的/ 可作 语或 语 be crazy about = be mad about e.g.: What a crazy idea! You must be crazy to say that to your boss. Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood. ▲作文金句 1. 热衷于帮助他人让我感到快乐和自豪。 （成长经历、帮助他人感悟类） . 2. 在我看来，热衷于一项健康的爱好对我们的身心都有益。（爱好类） 3. 我过去痴迷于玩电脑游戏，但现在我懂得如何管理时间。（成长感悟类） Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China. How do people survive in such a terrible climate? · 讲：survive v.活下来;幸存 单三 现在分词 过去式 过去分词 survive on+食物/金钱 → n. 生存，存活 → n. （人） 幸存者 → adj. 继续存在的;现存的 e.g.: 1. We must try our best to survive in a difficult situation. 2. We learned some survival skills at camp. 3. After the earthquake，he felt lucky to be a survivor. 4. The surviving buildings are from the 19th century. 5. Many families survive on less than $ 2 a day. 练：用survive的适当形式填空。 1. These are documents from the Middle Ages. 2. The of these animals is in danger. We must take action now. 3.She is a cancer . Now she gets better and better through her effort. 4. It's difficult in the wild. The situation is hard to predict. The secret lies in the ancient karez system. 3 The karez system in Turpan includes more than 1,000 wells. They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals. Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That's nearly as long as the Yellow River! · 讲：as long as ①和……一样长 / ② 引导 从句 主 从 / ③ e.g.: Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. You can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard. Keep going for as long as possible. 练：适当形式填空 1. You (pass) the exam as long as you review (review) carefully. 2. We (go) camping as long as it doesn’t rain (not rain) tomorrow. 3. ▲作文： 只要你坚持尝试，就会一点点进步。 . Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! · 讲：amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ adv.惊人地；了不起地 由“amazing（adj.惊人的）+ -ly（ 后缀）”构成。 → v. 使惊奇 →adj. （人感到）大为惊奇的 →adj. 惊人的 e.g.: Amazingly, the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany. 练：用amaze适当形式填空 She was when she saw the small village. Its clean fields and simple houses can visitors. The village is an example of living in harmony with nature, and it looks peaceful. No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China. · 讲：辨析 介词 among/ between （在…之间） 介词 适用数量 强调对象 among 三者或三者以上 群体内的“整体范围”，不强调个体 between 1. 两者 2. 特殊用法：接明确的三者 / 有限多者，且侧重两两对比 / 逐个选择 个体间的“相互关系”，可接具体对象，强调“个体之间” e.g.: 1. She found her key among the books on the desk. 2. The river runs between the two villages. 3. I'm trying to choose between the red, the blue, and the green one. 4. The secret is between you, me and Tom. 练：判断用 between/among 1. She sat her two sisters. 2. We walked the crowd. 3. There is a competition Tom, Jack and Mike. 4. He found a letter a pile of books. 句式微练。 1. 老师把一盒巧克力放在这三个学生之间。 . 2. 在图书馆和教学楼之间有一个大操场。 . 3. 在如此多的爱好当中，他最喜欢画画。 . 4 Today, the area faces a water shortage. · 讲：shortage n-VAR.短缺、不足 food/housing/water shortages e.g.: There is no shortage of funds. There was a severe shortage of clean water during the floods. There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use. · 讲：increase /ˈɪnkri:s/ Cn. 增加，增多；增长 / 增多 increase by （后接百分比或倍数） increase to （后接具体数字） 单三 现在分词 过去式 过去分词 → adj. 越来越多的 → adv. 越来越多地 e.g.: During Guyu, the temperature usually rises a lot and rain increases. They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders. 练：用increase适当形式填空 4. We need productivity. 5. The hit of this video to 2 million. Compared with yesterday, it by 10%. 6. With the (increase) of temperature, more and more plants grow well. 7. It is (increase) difficult to find a good job without education. 8. The number of students in our school has increased (by/to) 500 this term. (从少变多，最终总数是 500) 9. The price of meat increased (by/to) 2 yuan per kilo last month. Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. P94 Complete the diagram with the words and expressions from the passage. The karez system Why is there such a system? ·Turpan is known as one of the 1 in the world. ·It's also one of the 2 in China. ·It has a terrible 3 for people to survive. How does it work? ·There are more than 1,000 4 appearing every 20-30 metres. ·Under the wells are large 5 canals. ·Water falls into the wells and ゚6 in the canals. It is kept 7 . Why is it important? ·The system allows people to 8 in difficult environment. ·It's among the 9 of ancient China. How is it now? ·The area is facing a(n) 10 . ·Young people are taking action to 11 the karez system. 八下单元重点【U5】 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八下单元重点【U6】Living with nature Understanding ideas From the eyes of Lao Shu 1 It was an early morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. · 讲（1）：Grain in Ear 芒种 · 讲（2）：sweetly /swi:tli/ adv.悦耳动听地，好听地 由“sweet（adj. 悦耳的）+ -ly（副词后缀）”构成。 e.g.: She sang sweetly, and everyone in the room stopped to listen.她唱得悦耳动听，房间里所有人都停下来聆听。 【拓】sweet的常见用法： sweet adj.悦耳的/ （气味）芳香的→ UCn. sweetness 芳香；甜美 n. 糖果/ 甜点，甜食/ 亲爱的 →v. sweeten（使）变甜；使温和；贿赂 练习：用sweet适当形式填空（词性转换串联造句） The sweet smell of flowers fills the garden, and the birds sing sweetly in the trees. We can all feel the sweetness of nature, and no one needs to sweeten this beautiful moment with anything else. 花园里飘着花朵的芳香，鸟儿在树上悦耳地歌唱。我们都能感受到大自然的美好，没有人需要用任何东西来修饰这美好的瞬间。 1. The little bird sings sweetly (sweet) in the tree every morning. 2. Don't eat too many sweets (sweet). They're bad for your teeth. 3. The sweetness (sweet) of the cherry blossoms makes the park beautiful in spring. 4. She has a sweet (sweet) voice and she wants to be a singer. Villagers hurried to the fields. Under the blue sky, golden fields shone like the sun. The wind blew, sending sweet smells into the air. Adults were busy cutting the wheat. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 2 This is one of the best memories of my childhood. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. · 讲：in the countryside 在农村 Most of the villagers there lived by farming. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. · 讲：the 24 Solar Terms 二十四节气 The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives. The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me. I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 3 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. · 讲：（1）especially与specially especially 尤其；特别 常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充，后跟名词、代词、介词短语或从句等。该词不用于句首。 specially 专门；特地 多指为了某一特别的目的而做某事，仅能修饰动词 / 动词短语 / 不定式 e.g.: It is hot here in summer, especially this summer, so I went specially to the mall to buy an air conditioner yesterday. 这儿的夏天很热，尤其是今年夏天，所以我昨天特地去商场买了一台空调。 练： 用 especially/specially 填空，注意修饰对象和搭配： 1. The weather is especially cold today. 2. My father specially bought a new bike for me. 3. I love sports, especially swimming. 4. This room is specially for children to study. · 讲：（2）wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ UCn.智慧，知识，学问 → adj. wise 聪明的 比较级 wiser 最高级 wisest → adv. wisely 聪明地 e.g.: Xuankong Temple shows the ancient Chinese wisdom in both engineering and design. 悬空寺展现了古代中国在工程和设计方面的智慧。 练：wisdom适当形式填空 1. We can gain wisdom from our parents and teachers. 2. She made a very wise decision. 3. You need to manage your time wisely. In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. · 讲：below /bɪˈləʊ/ [ prep. ]在……的下面 →【反】above 高于；在……上面 表示低于某一数量或水平/ 某一地点或位置 below the window 在窗户下方 below the average 低于平均水平 e.g.: At over 152 metres below the surface of the water, the daylight is almost gone. 在水面以下超过152米处，日光几乎完全消失。 We are flying above the clouds. ［adv.］在下面；以下 ▲注意区分词性 e.g.: For more information, see below. 详情请看下面。 Write your name below. 把你的名字写在下面。 Below are some useful tips to help you make more friends at school. 倒装 Below are some important tips for … (your overseas trip). 倒装 辨析below与under （在…下） below 表示在某物的下方,但不一定是在正下方 反义词:above under 表示在某物的正下方 反义词:over e.g.: （可选择口头陈述） 场景 用词 理由 帽子戴在头上，手在帽子正底下 under the hat 垂直、覆盖、接触 画挂在墙上，开关在画的侧下方 / 斜下方 below the picture 只是高度更低，非正下方 船在桥的正下方穿过 under the bridge 严格垂直正下方 水面在警戒线高度以下 below the warning line 只比线低，无垂直对应点 under the age of 12 12 岁以下（法律 / 规定界限） 练习：区分below/ under 1. The river flows under the bridge. 桥正下方流过 2. Please write your answers below the questions. 题目的下方区域，非严格正下 3. The temperature is below zero in winter here. 4. Children under 6 can take the bus for free. Now people may be moving away from farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to our hearts. 4 The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China". · 讲：辨析be known as/ be known for/ be known to be known as “以.......身份/称号知名;被认为是......”；后接“身份、称号、职业”，强调“人们对其的定位” Lu Xun is known as a great writer.（鲁迅作为一名伟大的作家而闻名。） be known for “因......(特质、成就)而知名”；后接“原因、特点、成就”，强调“出名的原因” Lu Xun is known for his sharp and meaningful novels and essays. 鲁迅因他犀利且有深意的小说和散文而闻名。 be known to “为…… (人群) 所熟知”;后接“人群”，强调“知名度覆盖的范围” Lu Xun is known to middle school students for his many works in textbooks. 鲁迅因多篇作品入选课本，为中学生所熟知。 e.g.: Dalian is known as a famous coastal port city, known for its delicious seafood and beautiful scenery, and known to travelers all over the world. 大连作为著名的滨海港口城市而闻名，因美味的海鲜和秀丽的风光被熟知，也为世界各地的游客所了解。 Mo Yan is known as a famous writer. 莫言被认为是一位著名的作家。 Hangzhou is known for the West Lake. 杭州因西湖而知名。 This story is known to most children. 这个故事为大多数孩子所熟知。 练：单项选择。 C 1. Xi'an is known an ancient capital of China. A.to B. for C.as D. of A 2. Tony is good at everything, especially sports. He is known everyone in our school. A.to B. for C. as D. of C 3.Chengdu known its delicious hot pot and relaxing lifestyle. A. is; as B. was; for C.is; for D. was; to A 4. Tu Youyou, who known “the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine", has saved many lives. A.is; as B. are; to C. was; for D. were; as They help people understand why nature works this way. Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. · 讲：arrival n.到达,到来 ［Cn.］到达者；［UCn.］（新技术、新思想的）引进，推行 → v. arrive到达，抵达 过去式 arrived 过去分词 arrived arrive in+大地点 (城市、国家、省份等大范围地点) arrive at+小地点 (车站、学校、公园、家等具体场所) e.g.: We are excited about the arrival of the new year. The first arrivals at the concert got the best seats. 最早来到音乐会的人坐上了最好的座位。 The arrival of AI has changed our lives. 人工智能的推行改变了我们的生活。 My pen pal arrived in China for a study trip last month. Please call me when you arrive at the train station. 练：适当形式填空+单选 1. His arrival (arrive) brought us a lot of joy. 他的到来给我们 带来了很多欢乐。 2. We are sorry for the late arrival (arrive) of the train. 我们为火车晚点感到抱歉。 A 3. My parents will New York next Friday for a business trip. A. arrive in B. arrive at C. arrive to D. arrive A 4. Could you send me a message as soon as you the bus stop? A. arrive at B. arrive in C. arrive for D. arrive C 5. Our school team plans to Sichuan Province next month to take part in a national competition. A. arrive at B. arrive with C. arrive in D. arrive B 6. Lily as soon as I finished calling her mother yesterday. A. arrived in B. arrived C. arrived at D. arrival D 7. The of the police made the thief run away. A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. arrival For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. The ancient calendar has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. P86 根据课文回答问题： Choose Lao Shu's idea about the24 Solar Terms. a They are the only way to understand the changing of weather through the year. b They stay part of people's lives, even though fewer people are farmers. c Most people don't understand them, so they need to be studied by experts. Complete the notes with the words and expressions from the passage. The 24 Solar Terms in Lao Shu's eyes ·Most of the villagers in Lao Shu's hometown lived by 1farming. ·The 24 Solar Terms 2guided both their 3farming activities and 4daily lives. ·He always feels 5excited when a new term is set to begin. ·He longed to share these feelings in his 6painting and poems. ·Many people, especially the young, are 7taking a new interest in the 24 Solar Terms. ·The 24 Solar Terms help people understand why 8 nature works this way. ·The 24 Solar Terms also bear social and 9 cultural meanings. Developing ideas A river of life below the earth 1 You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. · 讲：（1）probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv.很可能，大概 → 【近】possibly/likely/maybe 表示推测。常用于肯定句中，位于助动词、情态动词或系动词be之后，实义动词之前。 → adj. probable 很可能的 e.g.: It will probably rain tomorrow. I was probably even more nervous than you were! It is probable that we will win. 我们很可能会赢。 · 讲：（2）west n.西部\西方（强调方向）→ adj. western 西方的；西部的 （区域） adj. 向西的；西部的 用于名词前作定语 adv. 向西；朝西 e.g.: It’s raining in the west of the city. n. The trade from China to the West helped to spread the popularity of tea. n. East or west, home is best. 金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。 n. Jenny lives in the west part of the town. adj. They went west towards California. 他们向西朝着加利福尼亚去了。adv. 表示“西方（国家）的”时,首字母常大写。 Western people eat with knives and forks while Chinese people use chopsticks. But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. · 讲：east /i:st/ n.东部/ 东；东方 adj. 东方的；东部的 adv. 向东；朝东 e.g.: He turned and walked away towards the east. n. I don’t know the east coast well. adj. The plane flew east. adv. in the east of 在……的东部（内部） on the east of 在……的东部（外部,接壤） to the east of 在……的东部（外部,不接壤） 练：介词in/ on/ to 填空 （地理） 1. Shandong is in the east of China. 山东在中国的东部。（内部） 2. Jiangxi Province is on the east of Hunan Province. 江西省在湖南省的东边。（江西和湖南接壤） 3. Fujian Province is to the east of Hunan Province. 福建省在湖南省的东边。（福建和湖南不接壤） 2 It's known as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. That's enough to make your feet burn! It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand. · 讲：crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj.疯狂的/ 热衷的，狂热的 可作定语或表语 be crazy about = be mad about 热衷于……；对……着迷 e.g.: What a crazy idea! 作定语 You must be crazy to say that to your boss. 你对老板说那种话，一定是疯了。（作表语） Meng Xiang was crazy about films and music during his childhood. ▲作文金句 1. 热衷于帮助他人让我感到快乐和自豪。 （成长经历、帮助他人感悟类） Being crazy about helping others makes me feel happy and proud. 2. 在我看来，热衷于一项健康的爱好对我们的身心都有益。（爱好类） As far as I’m concerned, being crazy about a healthy hobby is good for our mind and body. 3. 我过去痴迷于玩电脑游戏，但现在我懂得如何管理时间。（成长感悟类） I used to be crazy about playing computer games, but now I know how to manage my time. Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China. How do people survive in such a terrible climate? · 讲：survive v.活下来;幸存 单三 survives 现在分词 surviving 过去式 survived 过去分词 survived survive on+食物/金钱 靠......勉强生存 → n. survival生存，存活 → n. （人）survivor幸存者 → adj. surviving 继续存在的;现存的 e.g.: 1. We must try our best to survive in a difficult situation. 2. We learned some survival skills at camp. 3. After the earthquake，he felt lucky to be a survivor. 4. The surviving buildings are from the 19th century. 5. Many families survive on less than $ 2 a day. 许多家庭每天靠不足2美元生活。 练：用survive的适当形式填空。 1. These are surviving documents from the Middle Ages. 2. The survival of these animals is in danger. We must take action now. 3.She is a cancer survivor. Now she gets better and better through her effort. 4. It's difficult to survive in the wild. The situation is hard to predict. The secret lies in the ancient karez system. 3 The karez system in Turpan includes more than 1,000 wells. They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals. Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That's nearly as long as the Yellow River! · 讲：as long as ①和……一样长 / ②只要 引导条件状语从句 主将从现 / ③长达；长达……之久 e.g.: Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers. 大多数灯笼鱼只有你的手指那么长。 As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 你只要小心开车，就会很安全。 You can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard. Keep going for as long as possible. 能坚持多久就坚持多久。长达 练：适当形式填空 1. You will pass (pass) the exam as long as you review (review) carefully. 2. We will go (go) camping as long as it doesn’t rain (not rain) tomorrow. 3. ▲作文： 只要你坚持尝试，就会一点点进步。 As long as you keep trying, you will make progress little by little. Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! · 讲：amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ adv.惊人地；了不起地 由“amazing（adj.惊人的）+ -ly（副词后缀）”构成。 → v. amaze使惊奇 →adj. amazed（人感到）大为惊奇的 →adj. amazing惊人的 e.g.: Amazingly, the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany. 练：用amaze适当形式填空 She was amazed when she saw the small village. Its clean fields and simple houses can amaze visitors. The village is an amazing example of living in harmony with nature, and it looks amazingly peaceful. No wonder it's among the top three projects of ancient China. · 讲：辨析 介词 among/ between （在…之间） 介词 适用数量 强调对象 among 三者或三者以上 群体内的“整体范围”，不强调个体 between 1. 两者 2. 特殊用法：接明确的三者 / 有限多者，且侧重两两对比 / 逐个选择 标识：名词前有定冠词 the / 具体限定词，能明确看出 “具体的几个对象” 个体间的“相互关系”，可接具体对象，强调“个体之间” e.g.: 1. She found her key among the books on the desk. 书是多本，强调“在群体中” 2. The river runs between the two villages. 两者之间 3. I'm trying to choose between the red, the blue, and the green one. 选择是在每一个独立的选项之间进行 4. The secret is between you, me and Tom. 练：判断用 between/among 1. She sat between her two sisters. 2. We walked among the crowd. 3. There is a competition between Tom, Jack and Mike. 4. He found a letter among a pile of books. 句式微练。 1. 老师把一盒巧克力放在这三个学生之间。 The teacher put a box of chocolates among the three students. 非“在三位学生的两两之间（物理间隙）摆放” 2. 在图书馆和教学楼之间有一个大操场。 There is a big playground between the library and the classroom building. 3. 在如此多的爱好当中，他最喜欢画画。 Among so many hobbies, he likes painting best. 4 Today, the area faces a water shortage. · 讲：shortage n-VAR.短缺、不足 food/housing/water shortages 食物/住房/用水短缺 e.g.: There is no shortage of funds. There was a severe shortage of clean water during the floods. 洪水期间，清洁用水严重短缺。 There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use. · 讲：increase /ˈɪnkri:s/ Cn. 增加，增多；增长 / v. 增多 increase by增长了（后接百分比或倍数） increase to增长到（后接具体数字） 单三 increases现在分词 increasing 过去式increased 过去分词increased → adj. increasing 越来越多的 → adv. increasingly 越来越多地 e.g.: During Guyu, the temperature usually rises a lot and rain increases. 谷雨期间，气温通常会大幅回升，降雨量也会增加。 v. They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders. 他们预计骑自行车的人数会急剧增加。n. 练：用increase适当形式填空 4. We need to increase productivity. 5. The hit of this video increased to 2 million. Compared with yesterday, it increased by 10%. 这个视频的点击量增加到了200万，与昨天相比，增加了10%。 6. With the increase (increase) of temperature, more and more plants grow well. 7. It is increasingly (increase) difficult to find a good job without education. 8. The number of students in our school has increased to (by/to) 500 this term. (从少变多，最终总数是 500) 9. The price of meat increased by (by/to) 2 yuan per kilo last month. Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. P94 Complete the diagram with the words and expressions from the passage. The karez system Why is there such a system? ·Turpan is known as one of the 1 hottest areas in the world. ·It's also one of the 2 driest places in China. ·It has a terrible 3 climate for people to survive. How does it work? ·There are more than 1,000 4 wells appearing every 20-30 metres. ·Under the wells are large 5 underground canals. ·Water falls into the wells and ゚6 runs underground in the canals. It is kept 7 cool and safe from the desert heat. Why is it important? ·The system allows people to 8 grow plants for food in difficult environment. ·It's among the 9 top three projects of ancient China. How is it now? ·The area is facing a(n) 10 water shortage. ·Young people are taking action to 11 protect the karez system. 八下单元重点【U5】 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $