2026年河北省中职英语一轮复习定语从句课件

教学课件 对口高考语法复习 之 定语从句 Practice makes perfect. 1 knowledge objectives ability objectives emotional objectives To learn the basic usage of attributive clause. To be able to use attributive clause accurately. To develop a good habit of learning. Learning objectives Underline the attributive clauses: Don’t forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you can’t get. Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory. 　　 曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的， 更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。 已经失去的，留作回忆。 一. 定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 eg. The boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词 关系代词 Hospital is a place where a doctor works. 先行词 关系副词 先行词和关系词的关系 1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home. the machine = that the boy =who the boy’s =whose in the school = where 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly. 关系代词的实质 the machine a machine that /which The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. her The lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that 关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词 二. 关系词的分类 关系代词 2. 关系副词 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why 二. 关系词的分类 三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1. 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 ① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 The man (who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. ②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. 关系代词who, whom who 作宾语，可省 who 作主语，不可省 whom 作宾语，可省 ③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. 关系代词which which 作主语，不可省 which 作宾语，可省 He is the man (that) I told you about. ④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 A plane is a machine that can fly. 关系代词that that 作主语，不可省 that 作宾语，可省 ⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。 We live in a house whose windows face south. This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake. 关系代词whose whose =the little girl’s作定语，不可省 whose =a house’s 作定语，不可省 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 (1) that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。 ①当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如： This is all that I want from the school. 物 人 ④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. ⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. ③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days. 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _____ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it Exercise: 先行词为everything，little, much，all，anything，nothing, none, few等词时， 关系代词用 that 4. He talked happily about the men and books _____ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 5. There is no dictionary _____ you can find. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 6. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A. it B. / C. which D. that 7. Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you? A. where B. which C. that D. it 先行词为人和物的组合 先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。 若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。 (2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。 ①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news were excited. ②先行词为those, he和people时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 (3) whose引导的定语从句注意点 ①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 ② whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news. 他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 ④whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. ③ whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 ⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend. 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 (4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday. (4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that ﹨ (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it. The dress which she is wearing is new. that ﹨ (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday. 巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子 巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子 (3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that ﹨ This is the best film that I have ever seen. ﹨ 巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子 (which/ that) who/ that whose which/ that who, that, whom, which, whose I have a friend ___________ likes listening to the classical music. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _____________ I gave her. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player. Kate is reading a book ____________ is too difficult for her. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的 语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语） 第三选择合适的关系词 1.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from the library. 5. I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me. who/that (who/whom/that) whose which/that (that/which) 巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空 巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空 The family _____________ I’m staying with lives in town. I know the student ______ article was published. Betty, _____ has never been abroad, is studying English very well. My parents live in a house ____________ is more than 100 years old. The boy with _____ John spoke is my brother. Luckily none of the people ______ I know were killed in the earthquake. (which/ that) whose who ?that which/ that whom whom ?省略 根据从句中的动词搭配 This is the book ___ which you asked. 注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前 我照顾的那个老人好多了。 The old man after whom I am looking is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better. 介词+whom/which如何判断介词 for 2.根据从句中的形容词搭配 He told me some reference books ____ which I am not very familiar. This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. 如何判断介词 with 3.根据先行词与介词搭配 介词 + 关系代词 = 关系副词 My grandpa was born in 1939 ________ the World WarⅡ broke out. Kun Ming is a beautiful place _______ flowers are seen all the year round. 如何判断介词 in which when in which where The song, ________ we are interested will be broadcast tonight. He is the hero ________ we are proud. This is the college ________ we’ll visit a famous actor. The earth ________ we live is a big round ball. in which of whom in which on which Exercise Do you like the book ________ she spent $10? Do you like the book ________ she paid $10? Do you like the teacher __________ she learned a lot? Do you like the teacher ___________ we are talking has gone abroad? He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. on which for which from whom about whom of which 介词+关系代词的使用 34 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。 I didn't like the way _______________ she talked to me. The way _________________he teaches English is interesting. （that/in which） （that/in which） 5. 先行词为the way，关系词的使用 关系代词as引导 1. 先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就是the same, such时，要用as。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. Would you like to buy the same pen as I have? 2. 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。 As is well known, the earth goes around the sun. The earth is round, ___ we all know. ___ is known to all, the earth is round. ___ is known to all that the earth is round. as As It 定语从句在句首时只能用as，as 具有正如之意，动词一般较固定 as的使用 which Being a volunteer is such a privilege ____ we all want to have. Being a volunteer is such a privilege ____ we all want to have it. as that as的使用 荣幸 五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法 五. 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 when 表时间的名词/名词词组 时间状语 where 表地点的名词/名词词组 地点状语 why 表原因的名词 原因状语 用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如： I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing. My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out. 1. when 1. when 用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如： This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young. The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city. 2. where 2. where 用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如： There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished. Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school. 3. why 3. why 4. 关系副词的用法注意点 (1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。 This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country. (2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。 Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 4. 关系副词的用法注意点 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day______ (__ ______) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place ______ (____ ______) I live. 3) Is this the reason ____ (___ _____) he didn’t want to see me? when on which where in which why for which 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 4) Is this the room ______(__ ______) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _____ (______ ______) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting ______ (__ ______) we discussed many problems. where in which when during which at which where 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空 1. The room ___________________ he once lived is still there. The room ___________________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother. where/in which (that/which) 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空 2. I will never forget the day_______________ I met you. I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together. when/on which (that/which) 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 4. The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to him. (that/which) why/for which 3. The reason ________________ I don’t know the thing is that I was not there at that time. 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked together. I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together. I went to the place ______________ I worked ten years ago. I went to the place __________ I visited ten years ago. This is the reason _____________ he was late. This is the reason __________ he gave. when/ in which (that/which) where /in which (which/ that) why /for which that/ which 及物动词 及物动词 及物动词 六. 非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that 引导。 My watch, which is very old, stopped again. 六. 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较： This is the best book that I have read. This is a good book, which is easy to understand. 2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。 (4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。 (3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如： (6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。 He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married. He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying. 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上 译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上 A．作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不可用who 代 whom 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 3. 关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别 (1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如： 3. as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth. (2) as多用于下列习惯用语中 as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 4. “介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构： (1)名词+介词+关系代词： They live in a house, the door of which faces south. 4. “介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构 (2)代词+介词+关系代词： There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard. (3)数词+介词+关系代词： Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels. (4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词： China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _______ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses. b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses 解题点拨 : 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。 them whom which him __ __ 易混句型 1.定语从句与并列句 59 返回2 1). a. The news ________our volleyball team won the match made us excited. 　 b. The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting. 2). a. I made a promise ______ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. b. The mother made a promise ___________ pleased all her children. that (that/which) that/which that 解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。 ２.定语从句与同位语从句 1) a. It is in this room ______I lived last year. b. It is the room _______I lived last year. 2) a. It was at seven o’clock ______he went to school this morning. b. It was seven o’clock _______he went to school this morning. 解题点拨：强调句型：It is/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分; 去掉 It is /was ….that/who… ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。 that where that when ３.定语从句与强调句 巩固练习 1. ① I still remember the days _____ I worked with the farmers. ② I still remember the days _____ I spent with the farmers. A. which B. on which C. when D. what 2. ① We were on the way _____ it began to rain. ② I don’t like the way _____ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which C A A B in which/ ○ 3. ① The teacher didn’t know the reason ____ she was absent yesterday. ②The teacher couldn’t accept the reason ____ she explained yesterday. A. how B. why C. that D. who 4. ① Is this school _____ you ever visited? ② Is this the school _____ you ever studied? ③ Is this the school in _____ you ever studied? A. where B. which C. that D. the one B C D A B 5. ① This is ____ he said at the meeting yesterday. ② This is all ___ he said at the meeting yesterday. A. that B. which C. what D. how 6. ① ____ is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams. ② ____ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams. ③ ___ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams. A. It B. As C. Which D. What C A B A D 7. ① It was such an easy question ____ they could answer. ② It was such an easy question ____ they could answer it. A. that B. as C. which D. what 8. ① That is the house, _____ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. ② That is the house, _____ the windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. ③ That is the house, but _____ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months. A. it’s B. its C. whose D. of which B A C D B 9. ① John said he’d been working in the office for hours, ____ was true. ② John said he’d been working in the office for hours, but _____ is not true. A. he B. it C. which D. who 10. ① A few people were caught in the big fire, ____ died. ② A few people were caught in the big fire, and ____ are dead. A. two of who B. two of whom C. two of them D. two of they C B B C 11. ① It was 1945 ____ the World War II ended. ② It was in 1945 ____ the World War II ended. A. that B. which C. when D. at which 12. ① Do you know the girl ____ calling herself Miss Forgetful? ② Do you know the girl ____ calls herself Miss Forgetful? A. who B. whom C. she D. / C A D A 13. ① Don’t talk about such things ____ you are not sure of. ② Don’t talk about such things, of ___ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 14. ① He wrote the best composition, ____ surprised all of us. ② He wrote the best composition ____ we all read just now. A. that B. which C. it D. in which C A B A * Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. The weather turned out to be very good, that was out of our expect. I will do all what I can to help you. whom whose which that \ I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me. Cathy is the only one of us who have been to America. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 9. It is known to all, China is a beautiful country. 10. It was in this school where I had studied for 3 years. which has the one As that that ---Where did you get to know her? ---It was on the farm _____ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _____ are healthy. A. that B. which C. what D. whom that I got to know her Homework： 1. Write a mind map about attributive clause. 2.Do more exercise about attributive clause. 教学课件 Thank you! Goodbye! 74 $