Unit 6 Section A 讲义2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures Section A How different are our cultures? 一、名词 (n.) 1. bow /baʊ/n. 鞠躬 v. 鞠躬 常考搭配：bow to sb. (向某人鞠躬) 例句：People in Japan often bow to greet each other. 2.bump /bʌmp/n. 碰撞；（撞击造成的）肿块 v. 碰；撞 常考搭配：bump into sb. (偶然遇见某人) / bump fists (碰拳) 例句：I bumped into my old friend on the street. 3.fist /fɪst/n. 拳头 例句：He hit the table with his fist in anger. 4.kiss /kɪs/n. 吻 v. 亲吻 常考搭配：kiss sb. goodbye (吻别某人) give sb. a kiss (吻某人) 例句：She gave her mother a kiss before going to school. 5.cheek /tʃiːk/n. 脸颊 常考搭配：kiss sb. on the cheek (吻某人的脸颊) 例句：He kissed his grandmother on the cheek. 6.hug /hʌɡ/n. 拥抱 v. 拥抱 常考搭配：give sb. a hug (拥抱某人) / warm hug (温暖的拥抱) 例句：She gave her friend a hug when they met again. 例句：They hugged each other when they met at the airport. 7.curry /ˈkʌri/n. 咖喱菜 例句：We had curry for dinner last night. 8.palm /pɑːm/n. 手掌 例句：He wrote a secret message in the palm of his hand. 9.fork /fɔːk/n. 叉子 常考搭配：knife and fork (刀叉) 例句：We use a fork to eat Western food. 10.Indian /ˈɪndiən/n. 印度人 adj. 印度的；印度人的 例句：We tried some Indian food at the new restaurant. 例句：My new pen pal is an Indian who lives in Mumbai. 11.manner /ˈmænə(r)/n. 方式；(pl. manners) 礼仪 常考搭配：good manners (有礼貌) / table manners (餐桌礼仪) / in a ... manner (以…… 方式) 例句：It's bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 12. elbow /ˈelbəʊ/n. 手肘 例句：He rested his elbows on the table. 13.serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/n. 一份食物 adj. 分菜用的 例句：We should use the serving spoon to get food. 例句：I'd like a serving of noodles, please. 14.chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/n. (usually pl.) 筷子 常考搭配：serving chopsticks (公筷) / use chopsticks (用筷子) 例句：It's important to use serving chopsticks in some restaurants. 二、动词(v.) 1. shake /ʃeɪk/v. (shook /ʃʊk/, shaken /ˈʃeɪkən/) 与（某人）握手；摇动 常考搭配：shake hands with sb. (与某人握手) / shake off (摆脱) / shake up (使震惊) 例句：He shook hands with his new teacher. 2. rub /rʌb/v. 摩擦；揉 常考搭配：rub one's eyes (揉眼睛) / rub sth. with (用…… 摩擦某物) 例句：She rubbed her hands to keep warm. 三、形容词(adj.) 1.embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/adj. 尴尬的 →embarrass (v. 使尴尬) / embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的) / embarrassment (n. 尴尬) 常考搭配：feel embarrassed (感到尴尬) 例句：He felt embarrassed when he made a mistake in his speech. 2.confused /kənˈfjuːzd/adj. 困惑的 →confuse (v. 使困惑) / confusing (adj. 令人困惑的) / confusion (n. 困惑) 常考搭配：feel confused (感到困惑) 例句：She was confused by the difficult math problem. 3.formal /ˈfɔːml/adj. 正式的 →formally (adv. 正式地) / informal (adj. 非正式的) 例句：We need to wear formal clothes to the wedding. 4.rude /ruːd/adj. 粗鲁的 →rudely (adv. 粗鲁地) / rudeness (n. 粗鲁) 常考搭配：be rude to sb. (对某人粗鲁) 例句：It's rude to interrupt others when they are talking. 5.uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 →common (adj. 常见的；普通的) 例句：It's uncommon to see snow in this city. 6.confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的 例句：The instructions on the box are very confusing. 7. proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/adj. 恰当的；正确的 →properly (adv. 恰当地；正确地) 常考搭配：proper way (正确方式) / proper time (合适的时间) 例句：You need to find the proper way to solve this problem. 8.embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/adj. 使人难堪的 例句：It was an embarrassing moment when he forgot his lines. 9.cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 →culture (n. 文化) 常考搭配：cultural differences (文化差异) 例句：We need to learn about different cultural customs. 4、 连词（conj.） 1.unless /ənˈles/conj. 除非；如果不 例句：You won't pass the exam unless you study hard. 五、短语 1.so ... that 如此…… 以至于 例句：He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 2.sit up 坐直 例句：The teacher asked the students to sit up straight. 3.keep ... off 使不碰到；使避开 例句：Please keep your hands off the wet paint. 4.be / get used to 习惯于 例句：She is used to getting up early in the morning. 5.namaste 有礼了（印度人行合十礼时口中所念之词） 例句：People in India say "namaste" when they greet each other. Grammar Focus 语法专项聚焦 一、 so...that... 结构 so...that... 意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，that 引导结果状语从句，其句型为 “主语 + 主句谓语 + so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句”。在此句型中，so 后面用形容词还是副词，取决于主句的谓语动词是系动词还是实义动词。 例句： I was so nervous that I couldn't fall asleep. 我如此紧张以至于睡不着。 It rained so heavily yesterday that we had to stay at home. 昨天雨下得如此大，以至于我们不得不待在家里。 拓展 “如此…… 以至于……” 的其他常见表达方式： 1 so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句= such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 例句：He is so kind a man that everyone likes him.= He is such a kind man that everyone likes him.他非常善良，大家都喜欢他。 2 such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + that 从句 例句：They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。 It was such fine weather yesterday that we went on a picnic. 昨天天气很好，我们去野餐了。 3 so + many/much/few/little (少) + 名词 + that 从句 例句：She has so many friends that she never feels lonely. 她有太多朋友了，以至于她从不感到孤独。 There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us. 缸里的水太少，不够我们所有人用的。 转换规则： 当 that 引导的结果状语从句是肯定句时，so...that... 可以与 ...enough to do 进行转换； 当 that 引导的结果状语从句是否定句时，可与 too...to... 或 not...enough to do 进行转换。 例句：The boy is so clever that he can answer the question easily. = The boy is clever enough to answer the question easily. 这个男孩如此聪明，以至于他可以很容易地回答这个问题。 The girl is so young that she can't look after herself. = The girl is too young to look after herself. = The girl isn't old enough to look after herself. 这个女孩太小，以至于不能照顾自己。 二、 unless 引导的条件状语从句 unless 用作连词，意为 “除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句。若主句为一般将来时、祈使句或谓语中含有情态动词，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。 例句：Nobody will come to the party unless you change the date. 如果你不改变日期，没有人会来参加聚会。 Don't go out unless your mother allows you. 除非你妈妈允许，否则你不要出去。 You can't pass the exam unless you study harder. 你如果不更加努力学习，就不能通过考试。 转换unless 通常可与 if...not 结构进行转换。 例句：I'll go there unless it rains.= I'll go there if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨，我就去那儿。 三 、as soon as 引导的时间状语从句 含义as soon as 意为 “一…… 就……”，引导时间状语从句，用于表示某个动作紧接着另一个动作发生。 例句：The boy got up as soon as the alarm clock went off.闹钟一响，那个男孩就起床了。 位置as soon as 引导的时间状语从句可置于主句前或主句后，位于主句前时需加逗号。例句： The birds start singing as soon as the sun rises. 太阳一升起，鸟儿就开始唱歌。 As soon as the game ended, we all cheered. 比赛一结束，我们都欢呼起来。 时态 若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。 例句：We will go fishing as soon as Tom arrives. 汤姆一到，我们就去钓鱼。 主句 从句 We will go fishing as soon as Tom arrives 一般将来时 一般现在时 【即时即练】 1、 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. If it _________ (not rain) tomorrow, we will have a sports meeting. 2. My parents __________ (not allow) me to go out to play unless I finish my homework. 3. The family will go to Yunnan as soon as the holiday __________ (begin). 4. I went to do my homework as soon as I __________ (come) back home. 5. He worked so hard that he _________ (pass) the exam successfully. 2、 按要求完成句子,每空一词 1. He finished his homework. He handed his homework in at once.（合并为一句） He handed his homework in ______ ______ ______ he finished it. 2. Zhang Li was so brave that she saved her students.（改为同义句） Zhang Li was ______ ______ to save her students. 3. The box is too heavy for me to carry.（改为同义句） The box is ______ heavy ______ I can't carry it. 4. Lucy will go to the party if she is free.（改为同义句） Lucy won't go to the party _________ she is free. 3、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. His ________ joke during the speech left everyone feeling deeply ______ for him. (embarrass) 2. The museum is an important centre for __________ (culture) exchange. 3. She used to _________ (eat) only fast food, but now she is used to _________ (cook) healthy meals at home. 4. The children ran outside as soon as the school bell __________ (ring). 课堂练习 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. It's __________ (common) that a little girl has such red hair. 2. Do you know how __________ (India) greet each other? 3. My neighbour offered __________ (water) my plants while I was on vacation. 4. It's so embarrassing for me _________ (tell) her the truth. 5. The chicken _________ (curry) was delicious. 6. If you don't tie your shoes __________ (proper), you might fall down. 7. Remember _________ (take) your book to the IT classroom. 8. Don't wait _________ (start) at any time! 9. You can ask others _________ (pass) you the dishes you want. 10. I enjoy _________ (sit) here with such a nice view. 2、 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 surprise excite embarrass confuse 1. She was __________ to find a birthday gift on her desk. 2. Winning the basketball game was a(n) __________ moment for our team. 3. The teacher's explanation was too fast, so I felt __________ about the new grammar rule. 4. It was __________ when I accidentally sent my photo to the whole class chat! 3、 根据汉语意思,用单词或短语完成句子 1. 比赛获胜后,队友们笑着碰了碰拳。 After winning the game, the teammates smiled and __________. 2. 在许多欧洲文化中,问候朋友时亲吻脸颊是一种习俗。 In many European cultures, it is a custom to __________ when greeting friends. 3. 这两只猫经常会蹭蹭鼻子,作为一种友好的问候。 The two cats often ___________ as a friendly greeting. 4. 暴风雨过后,小镇慢慢恢复了正常的生活节奏。 After the rainstorm, the town slowly returned to its ___________ pace of life. 5. 在印度,人们问候他人时会双手合十并微微鞠躬以示尊敬。 In India, people __________ together and bow slightly to show respect when they greet someone. 6. 在图书馆里大声打电话是粗鲁的。 It is ________ to talk loudly on your phone in the library. 7. 这个小男孩能正确地使用刀叉吃牛排。 The little boy can use his _____________ properly to eat the steak. 8. 预计经济增长将会在今年下半年放缓。 Economic growth is expected to ______________ in the second half of the year. 9. 请勿践踏公园的草坪。 Please ______________ the grass in the park. 10. 老师让汤姆在课堂上坐直。 The teacher told Tom to ______________ in class. 11. 吃中餐时,我们用公筷从共享的盘子里夹食物。 We use ________________ to get food from the shared dishes when having Chinese food. 12. 大家在校园派对上玩得很开心。 Everyone _______________ at the school party. 13. 我被那道难的数学题搞糊涂了。 I got ___________ by the difficult maths problem. 4、 完形填空 Alex was excited to visit his cousin Lucas in Brazil. He had never been to South America before, and he couldn't wait to walk around the colourful streets and try the delicious food. But his mum 1_____ him, "Every country has its own way of doing things. When in Rome, do as the Romans do!" The first day, Lucas took Alex to a local festival. The streets were 2______ with music, dancing and lots of people. Lucas introduced Alex to his friends, and each time, Alex tried to give them a usual handshake. 3_____, Lucas kept saying, "No, no, Alex! You have to do the Brazilian handshake!" Lucas showed Alex a special handshake.First, they did a high-five 4_____ by a shoulder bump. After that, they crossed their arms and spun(旋转) around, and then they turned back to shake each other's hand. Alex got so confused that he hit Lucas in the nose. “Ouch!” Lucas shouted, laughing. “That's not how you do it!” Alex's face turned red, but he laughed too, “I guess I need more 5____!” Alex tried to follow many more times, but he kept going wrong. Every time he tried, he ended up 6______ Lucas in the face or making a funny noise. Even though Alex kept making mistakes, everyone thought it was interesting. They all tried to 7_______ him the Brazilian handshake, and soon, the whole group were laughing and messing up together. Alex realized that sometimes, making mistakes can be the 8_______ part of learning. By the end of the day, Alex finally got it 9______ after trying the handshake so many times. He felt 10________ of himself and grateful for the fun time with his cousin and new friends. He learnt that being open to new things and having a sense of humour can make any trip amazing. ( )1. A. trained　　 B. warned 　　 C. prevented　 D. invited ( )2. A. filled　　　B. covered 　　 C. decorated　 D. built ( )3. A. Since　　　B. Moreover 　　C. Otherwise　 D. However ( )4. A. cleared　　B. started 　　 C. followed　　 D. moved ( )5. A. support　　B. business 　　C. practice　　 D. discussion ( )6. A. tying　　　B. hitting 　　 C. missing　　 D. breaking ( )7. A. teach　　　B. send 　　 C. offer　　　 D. leave ( )8. A. safest　　　B. wisest 　　 C. simplest　　 D. tiniest ( )9. A. fast　　　 B. lost 　　 C. past　　　 D. right ( )10. A. tired　　 B. proud 　　 C. afraid　　 D. strange 5、 短文填空 choose　 much　 look　polite　 hear be　 happy　 they　 smile　 embarrass Last week, my grandma came to visit us. Mum booked a table at a restaurant for us to have dinner together. Once we took our seats, the waitress came to us with two menus. She passed one to me and the other to Grandma. Grandma is a vegetarian(素食者), so she always needs far 1. ______ time to order the food that she wants to eat. But I am not a picky eater so I can always quickly 2. ______ my food when we eat out. “One bottle of apple juice and one burger,” I said when I was still 3. ______ at the menu. Grandma 4. ______ what I said. She looked at me and said, “Peter, that is not the right way to order your food. Instead, be 5. ______!” Then I said, “One bottle of apple juice and one burger, please.” But my eyes 6. ______ still on the pictures of the menu. Grandma was still very 7. ______, and she continued, “Peter, can you possibly be more polite and look at the people in the eye when you talk to 8. ______, please?” Grandma always loves good manners and I didn't want to let her down! Feeling 9. ______, I quickly put down the menu, looked at the waitress in the eye and said, “Can I possibly have a bottle of apple juice and a burger, please?” This time Grandma gave me a big 10. ______. 6、 补全对话 A: You must be really excited about leaving for America tomorrow, Li Hua! B: Yeah. 1. __________________. A: Nervous about what? B: I don't know many of the customs and rules in America. 2. _______________________? A: Sure. B: 3. _____________________? A: Well, it's important to be on time when you're invited for dinner. It's impolite to arrive late. Americans expect their guests to be on time. B: 4. ________________________? A: After the meal, don't leave at once. Or you seem to have come only for the meal. When the host seems to be getting tired, it's time to leave. B: OK, I see. 5. ________________________? A: The next day, call or write a thank-you note to say how much you enjoyed the meal. 第 1 页 共 8 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $