Unit 5 Section B 讲义2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 5 Nature's Temper Section B What can we do to prepare for the worst? 一、名词 (n.) 1. schoolgirl /ˈskuːlɡɜːl/n. （学校的）女生 例句：The schoolgirl won first prize in the English speech contest. 2. froth /frɒθ/n. 泡；泡沫 例句：The coffee was topped with a layer of froth. 3. security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/n. 安全；保安；保障 →secure (adj. 安全的；v. 保护) 常考搭配：security guard (保安人员) / public security (公共安全) 例句：We need to improve the security of the building. 4. guard /ɡɑːd/n. 卫兵；保卫 v. 保卫 →guardian (n. 监护人；保护者) 常考搭配：security guard (保安人员) / keep guard (站岗)/guard sb./sth. from/against (保护…… 免受……) 例句：We must guard against the spread of the virus. 例句：The guard checked our IDs before we entered the building. 5. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/n. 知识；学问 →knowledgeable (adj. 知识渊博的) 常考搭配：knowledge of (…… 的知识) / common knowledge (常识) 例句：He has a wide knowledge of history. 6.thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/n. 思考；想法 →think (v. 思考) /thoughtful (adj. 深思的) 例句：His thinking on this problem is very clear. 7.hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/n. (pl. heroes) 英雄；男主角；偶像 例句：He is a hero for saving the child from the fire. 8. landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/n. （山坡或悬崖的）滑坡；塌方 例句：The landslide blocked the main road to the village. 9. safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/n. 安全设施 v. 保护；捍卫 例句：The new system is an important safeguard for our data. 10.floodwater /ˈflʌdwɔːtə(r)/n. 洪水 例句：The floodwater has covered the streets in the town. 11.manpower /ˈmænpaʊə(r)/n. 劳动力；人力 例句：We need more manpower to finish the project on time. 12.heartbeat /ˈhɑːtbiːt/n. 心跳（声） 例句：Her heartbeat was fast after running. 13.rescue /ˈreskjuː/n. 救援 v. 援救；营救 常考搭配：rescue team (救援队) rescue sb. from (从…… 营救某人) 例句：The firefighters rescued the family from the burning house. 例句：The rescue of the trapped miners took 12 hours. 14.heatwave /ˈhiːtweɪv/n. 热浪 例句：The heatwave made it impossible to go outside during the day. 15.firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/n. 消防队员 例句：The firefighters put out the forest fire after three days. 16.volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/n. 志愿者；自告奋勇者 v. 自愿做；义务做 →voluntary (adj. 自愿的) 常考搭配：volunteer work (志愿工作)/volunteer to do sth. (自愿做某事) / volunteer for sth. (自愿参加某事) 例句：He volunteered to help the elderly clean their houses. 例句：She is a volunteer at the local animal shelter. 17.alarm /əˈlɑːm/n. 警报（器）；惊恐 →alarming (adj. 令人惊恐的) 常考搭配：alarm clock (闹钟) / fire alarm (火警报警器) 例句：The alarm went off when the thief broke into the house. 18.thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/n. 雷；雷声 v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 例句：We heard thunder in the distance. 19.rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/n. 暴风雨 常考搭配：heavy rainstorm (强暴风雨) 例句：The rainstorm caused a lot of damage to the crops. 二、动词 (v.) 1.refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/v. 拒绝；退却 常考搭配：refuse to do sth. (拒绝做某事) / refuse sb. sth. (拒绝给某人某物) 例句：He refused to help me with my homework. 2.scream /skriːm/v. 尖叫 例句：She screamed when she saw the snake. 3.review /rɪˈvjuː/v. 复习；回顾；复查 常考搭配：review for a test (为考试复习) / review one's notes (复习笔记) 例句：We need to review what we learned yesterday. 三、副词 (adv.) 1.worst /wɜːst/adj. & adv. 最坏（的）；最糟（的） →bad (原级) /worse (比较级) 常考搭配：the worst case (最坏情况) / worst of all (最糟糕的是) 例句：This is the worst movie I have ever seen. 2. nearby /ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/adv. 在附近 adj. 附近的 常考搭配：live nearby (住在附近) / a nearby park (附近的公园) 例句：There is a supermarket nearby. 3. thankfully /ˈθæŋkfəli/adv. 幸亏；感激地 →thankful (adj. 感激的) /thank (v. 感谢) 例句：Thankfully, no one was hurt in the accident. 4. since /sɪns/prep., adv. & conj. 自…… 以后；从…… 以来；既然；由于 常考搭配：since then (从那以后) / since last week (从上周起) 例句：Since you are free, let's go for a walk. 5.terribly /ˈterəbli/adv. 非常糟地；非常 →terrible (adj. 糟糕的；可怕的) 例句：I'm terribly sorry for being late. 6.suddenly /ˈsʌdənli/adv. 突然 →sudden (adj. 突然的) 常考搭配：all of a sudden (突然；猛地) 例句：All of a sudden, it started to rain. 三、形容词(adj.) 1. southwestern /ˌsaʊθˈwestən/adj. 西南的；西南方向的 例句：The southwestern part of the country is very dry. 2.usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/adj. 通常的；寻常的 →usually (adv. 通常) /unusual (adj. 不寻常的) 常考搭配：as usual (像往常一样) / usual practice (惯例) 例句：As usual, he arrived at the office early. 3.unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/adj. 不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 →lucky (adj. 幸运的) /luck (n. 运气) 常考搭配：be unlucky to do sth. (不幸做某事) 例句：He was unlucky to miss the last bus. 4.rainy /ˈreɪni/adj. 阴雨的；多雨的 →rain (n. 雨；v. 下雨) 常考搭配：rainy day (雨天) / rainy season (雨季) 例句：We stayed at home on the rainy day. 四、短语 1.except for 除…… 之外 例句：The room is very clean except for a few books on the floor. 2.as soon as 一…… 就…… 例句：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 3.by the time 到…… 的时候 例句：By the time we got to the station, the train had left. 4.as a result 因此 例句：He didn't study hard. As a result, he failed the exam. 5.wake up 醒来 例句：I wake up at 6 o'clock every morning. 6.go off （警报器等）突然发出巨响 例句：The fire alarm went off in the middle of the night. 7.go wrong 出现问题；发生故障；搞错 例句：Everything went wrong on my way to the airport. 课堂练习 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. __________ (thank), no one got hurt during the great typhoon. 2. Mr Wang is such a __________ (knowledge) person that all of us respect him a lot. 3. In the past years, we have seen many _________ (hero) who fought against disasters bravely. 4. This is the _________ (bad) movie in recent years! It's really boring and meaningless! 5. Linda did as much as she could ____________ (survive) in the accident. 6. _____________ (fortune), the kind man died of a serious illness. 7. As soon as I finish my homework, I ______________ (go) to help you. 二、根据汉语意思，用单词或短语完成句子 1. 多亏了那位医生敏捷的思考，她正确诊断出了这种罕见病，挽救了病人的生命。 Thanks to the doctor's ___________，she correctly diagnosed the rare disease and saved the patient's life. 2. 一听到警报声，她就起床并冲出了房间。 _______________ she heard the alarm, she got up and rushed out of the room. 3. 除了一些书在床上，这个房间很整洁。 The room is tidy _______________ some books on the bed. 4. 洪水已经淹没了主干道，使得车辆无法通行。 The _______________ has covered the main road, making it impossible for cars to pass. 5. 每个周末，许多志愿者都会去当地的社区中心照顾流浪狗和流浪猫。 Every weekend, many __________ go to the local community centre to take care of the homeless dogs and cats. 三、考点辨析 考点1 warn的用法 1. 我的朋友刚刚提醒了我高峰时段地铁很拥挤。 My friend ______ ______ ______ the crowded subway during rush hour just now. 2. 妈妈常常告诫我不要玩火。 Mum often ______ me ______ ______ ______ with fire. 考点2 辨析happen与take place 1. 我碰巧在图书馆遇到了老师。 I ____________ my teacher in the library. 2. 学校运动会在上周五举行。 The school sports meeting ____________ last Friday. 考点3 trouble的用法 1. She had trouble in _____________ (understand) the maths question. 2. 你父亲工作时别打扰他。 ______ ______ your father when he's working. 3. 他因迟到惹上了麻烦。 He ______ ______ ______ for being late. 考点4 supply的用法 1. 这所学校提供免费的体育用品。 The school provides free sports __________. 2. 暴风雨切断了电力供应。 The rainstorm cut off the power ___________. 3. 该公司每年向医院提供病号服。 The company ________ hospital gowns __________ hospitals every year. 考点5 prepare的用法 1. Mother ____________ (prepare) dinner in the kitchen now. 2. 妈妈正忙着为我的生日派对做准备。 Mum is busy ______ ______ my birthday party. 3. 运动员深吸了一口气，准备开始比赛。 The player took a deep breath and ________ _________ start the race. 考点6 as soon as的用法 1. 主将从现原则 I _____________ (call) you as soon as I arrive. 2. 主过从过原则 He left as soon as the rain __________ (stop). 3. She __________ (start) cooking as soon as her guests arrived. 4、 完形填空 Kevin was going back to his car when he saw a house on fire. At once, he called 911, __1__ out of his car into the house, and let the family in the house know of the fire. It took some time for the family __2__ what was happening outside their house. When he ran into the fire, he saw a lady __3__ a baby in her arms in the kitchen. He __4__ pulled the family out of danger. He even saved __5__ dogs. A reporter asked, “Everyone is saying you must be __6__. Why did you save some people you didn’t even know?” Kevin answered it was because he just __7__ not let them die. Kevin Rivera, a selfless man and a father, __8__ ready to lose his life to save another. To thank him, the family invited him for __9__ dinner. He felt happy __10__ decided to do better from then on. ( )1. A. rushed B. rushes C. was rushing D. rush ( )2. A. understands B. understand C. to understand D. understanding ( )3. A. near B. by C. with D. in ( )4. A. quick B. quickly C. more quickly D. most quickly ( )5. A. they B. them C. theirs D. their ( )6. A. crazy B. crazier C. the craziest D. craziest ( )7. A. must B. might C. could D. can ( )8. A. be B. was C. were D. is ( )9. A. the B. a C. / D. an ( )10. A. and B. but C. then D. or 5、 短文填空:用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整正确(每空只填一个单词) prepare　since　scare　earthquake　terrible　sudden　be　neighbour　nothing　rescue I'm David. I lived on the first floor of an apartment building. One day, I was having dinner at home. 1. _________, I heard a(n) 2. _________ sound and felt the chair shaking! At that time, I thought to myself, “It is a(n) 3. ________.” I was so scared that I started shaking. I got up from the chair and quickly left the house. Outside the building, I saw Chloe, my neighbour. I told her I was too scared to go back inside because I was afraid the shaking might start again. 4. ________ neither of us had any emergency 5. _________, we felt especially helpless. Chloe and I decided to go straight to the park to find a safe place to sit. There were already many people there. We spent all night there and stayed in the park for the next few days because there 6. _________ still small earthquakes from time to time. When we were finally sure it was safe, we returned to our apartment building. We were worried because hundreds of houses in the 7. _________ were badly damaged. 8. _________ teams were already working in the area. When I entered my apartment, I saw that the windows were broken. Luckily, 9. ________ more serious had happened. I was really tired, but I didn't want to rest because I was 10. _________. I was afraid there might be another earthquake. Chloe was different from me. She said she wanted to sleep for a week. 6、 补全对话 Tina is talking with Alice in the classroom before the class begins. Alice: Hey, Tina! You look so pale today. 1. ________________? Tina: I'm OK. I just saw an accident. A boy was listening to music when he rode his bike. Alice: That's very dangerous! 2. _____________________? Tina: I was waiting to cross the road. While the lights were turning red, a car suddenly appeared. It wasn't going fast, but it didn't stop. Alice: Did the boy stop? Tina: No. And the driver was talking on his mobile phone. He didn't notice the boy. Alice: 3. ___________________? Tina: No. Luckily, the car stopped just in time, but the boy fell off his bike and hurt his knees. Alice: That's too bad. Tina: 4. __________________. Alice: And we mustn't ride too fast. Tina: 5. __________________. And we shouldn't listen to music when crossing the road. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $