Unit 5 Section A讲义2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 5 Nature's Temper Section A What happens during a natural disaster? 一、名词（n.） 1. temper /ˈtempə(r)/n. 脾气；怒气 例句：He lost his temper when he heard the bad news. 2. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/n. 地震 常考搭配：a strong earthquake (强烈地震) / earthquake disaster (地震灾害) 例句：The earthquake destroyed many houses in the village. 3. typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/n. 台风 例句：We stayed indoors during the typhoon. 4. wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/n. 野火 例句：The wildfire burned through thousands of acres of forest. 5. snowstorm /ˈsnəʊstɔːm/n. 雪暴；暴风雪 常考搭配：heavy snowstorm (强暴风雪) / be trapped in a snowstorm (被困在暴风雪中) 例句：The snowstorm forced the school to close for a day. 6. flood /flʌd/n. 水灾；洪水v. 泛滥；淹没 →flooding (n. 洪水泛滥) / flooded (adj. 被水淹没的) 常考搭配：be flooded with (被…… 淹没 / 充斥)；flood control (防洪) / a flood of (大量的) 例句：The river flooded the fields after the heavy rain. 例句：A flood of people rushed out of the building. 7. drought /draʊt/n. 久旱；旱灾 例句：The drought made the crops die. 8. wave /weɪv/n. 波浪；波；挥手v. 挥手；挥舞 →wavy (adj. 波浪形的) 常考搭配：a wave of (一阵 / 一波) / wave at/to sb. (向某人挥手) 例句：She gave me a wave as she left. 例句：She waved at me when she saw me. 9. tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/n. 海啸 例句：The tsunami caused huge damage to the coastal cities. 10. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/n. 采访；面试v. 采访；对（某人）进行面试 →interviewer (n. 面试官 / 采访者) / interviewee (n. 被面试者 / 被采访者) 常考搭配：interview sb. about sth. (就某事采访某人) job interview (求职面试) / have an interview with sb. (采访某人) 例句：The reporter interviewed the famous singer about her new album. 例句：He is going to have an interview for the manager position. 11.report /rɪˈpɔːt/n. 汇报；报道 v. 汇报；报道 →reporter (n. 记者) 常考搭配：news report (新闻报道) report sth. to sb. (向某人汇报某事) 例句：He reported the accident to the police immediately. 例句：The news report about the accident was very detailed. 11. neighbourhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/n. 街区；临近的地方 →neighbour (n. 邻居) 例句：There is a small park in our neighbourhood. 12. roof /ruːf/n. 屋顶；顶部 例句：The cat is sitting on the roof of the house. 13. trouble /ˈtrʌbl/n. 苦恼；困难 v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 常考搭配：get into trouble (陷入麻烦) / have trouble (in) doing sth. (做某事有困难) 例句：He had trouble finishing the task on time. 例句：Could I trouble you for a glass of water? 14. relative /ˈrelətɪv/n. 亲戚；亲属 例句：I visited my relatives during the Spring Festival. 15. truck /trʌk/n. 卡车 例句：The truck carried a lot of goods to the city. 16. supply /səˈplaɪ/n. 供应 (量)；补给 (品) v. 供应；供给 常考搭配：supply and demand (供需) / medical supplies (医疗物资) supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to sb. (向某人供应某物) 例句：The company supplies us with raw materials. 例句：We need to get enough supplies for the winter. 17. preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/n. 准备 (工作)；预备 →prepare (v. 准备) 常考搭配：make preparations for (为…… 做准备) 例句：We are making preparations for the sports meeting. 18. power /ˈpaʊə(r)/n. 电力供应；能量；力量 →powerful (adj. 强大的) / powerless (adj. 无力的) 例句：There was a power cut last night, so we used candles. 19.tornado /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/n. 龙卷风；旋风 例句：The tornado destroyed several villages in the area. 二、动词 (v.) 1. warn /wɔːn/v. 警告；提醒注意 →warning (n. 警告；警示) 常考搭配：warn sb. of/about sth. (警告某人某事) / warn sb. (not) to do sth. (警告某人 (不要) 做某事) 例句：The teacher warned us not to cheat in the exam. 2. beat /biːt/v. (beat, beaten /ˈbiːtn/) 敲；打 常考搭配：beat against (反复拍打) / beat sb. at sth. (在某事上打败某人) 例句：The rain beat against the window all night. 3. hide /haɪd/v. (hid /hɪd/, hidden /ˈhɪdn/) 躲藏；隐蔽 常考搭配：hide away (躲藏起来) / hide from sb. (躲避某人) 例句：The little boy hid behind the door. 三、副词(adv.) 1. possibly /ˈpɒsəbli/adv. 可能；或许 →possible (adj. 可能的) / possibility (n. 可能性) 常考搭配：as soon as possible (尽快) / possibly not (可能不) 例句：Can you finish the work as soon as possible? 2. nearly /ˈnɪəli/adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 例句：It's nearly 10 o'clock, and we need to go home. 3. soundly /ˈsaʊndli/adv. (睡觉) 酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地 →sound (adj. 酣睡的；健康的) 常考搭配：sleep soundly (睡得很沉) / be soundly defeated (被彻底击败) 例句：He was so tired that he slept soundly all night. 四、形容词 (adj.) 1. thick /θɪk/adj. 厚的；浓密的 →thickness (n. 厚度) / thin (反义词，adj. 薄的) 常考搭配：thick fog (浓雾) / thick hair (浓密的头发) 例句：The ice on the lake is thick enough to walk on. 五、短语 1. do chores 做家务 例句：I usually do chores with my parents on weekends. 2. make preparations 作准备 例句：We must make preparations before the exam. Grammar Focus语法专项聚焦 一 过去进行时 1. 定义 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。 2. 构成：was/were + 动词 - ing 说明：当主语是第一人称单数形式或第三人称单数形式时，助动词用 was，其余人称用 were。 3. 常用的时间状语at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 yesterday morning 等。 例句：My father was taking down the small wooden house at that time. 那时我爸爸正在拆除那座小木屋。 4. 基本句式 (1) 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing + 其他。 例句：I was sleeping at ten last night. 昨天晚上 10 点我正在睡觉。 (2) 否定句：主语 + wasn't/was not + 动词 - ing + 其他。主语 + weren't/were not + 动词 - ing + 其他。 例句：I wasn't sleeping at ten last night. 昨天晚上 10 点我没在睡觉。 (3) 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 - ing + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't (was not)/weren't (were not). 例句：—Were you sleeping at ten last night? 昨天晚上 10 点你在睡觉吗？ —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't. 对，是的。/ 不，我没有。 ★过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作，强调动作正在进行；而一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态，多指动作已经完成。 例句：I was making my way to the small mountain village at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正前往那个小山村。 I made my way to the small mountain village yesterday. 昨天我去了那个小山村。 二 when 与 while 引导的时间状语从句 when 和 while 都可用作连词，意为 “当…… 的时候”，都可用来引导时间状语从句，它们的具体用法如下： 1. when 的用法 (1) when 既可指时间点也可指时间段，其从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。 例句：When I arrived at the station, they were waiting for me. 当我到达车站时，他们正在等我。(2) when 引导的从句的谓语动作可在主句谓语动作之前、之后或与之同时发生。 例句：When he finished his homework, he played games. 当他完成家庭作业后，他就玩游戏了。（完成作业在前） When I got to the museum, the door was closed. 当我到达博物馆时，门已经关上了。（到达博物馆在后） (3)当主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 例句：I'll call you when I get there. 当我到达那里时我将给你打电话。 2. while 的用法 (1) while 指时间段，其从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的。 例句：While I was waiting for the bus, I met her. 当我正在等公共汽车时，我遇见了她。 (2) 强调主从句动作同时进行时，常用 while 引导从句。此时主从句常用进行时。 例句：They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 当我们在爬山时，他们在划船。 (3) 强调主句动作发生时，从句动作正在进行，常用 while 引导从句。主句常用一般过去时或一般现在时，从句常用进行时。 例句：It began to rain while we were having dinner. 我们吃饭时，天开始下雨了。 语法练习 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Tom and his parents _________ (have) supper when the phone rang. 2. While we ____________ (wait) for the bus at the bus stop, a girl ran to us. 3. When my father came home from work, I ___________ (read) *Brothers* by Yu Hua. 4. At this time yesterday, Mary _______________ (prepare) for a science exam here. 5. —Nick, what was your brother doing at this time last night? —He __________ (play) chess with my grandfather. 2、 用 when 或 while 填空 1. Mary was having dinner ______ I came to her home. 2. Don't talk so loudly ______ others are working. 3. I was waiting for the traffic light ______ I saw the boy fall off his bike. 4. The driver was talking on his mobile phone ______ he was driving. 5. Helen was listening to music ______ her elder brother was riding his bike. 3、 按要求完成句子，每空一词 1. The girl was waiting for a bus when it began to rain.（对画线部分提问） ________ was the girl ________ when it began to rain? 2. The boy was playing in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.（改为同义句） While the boy ______ ______ in the yard, the earthquake ______ the city. 3. Jane was practising the violin when the telephone rang.（改为否定句） Jane ______ ______ the violin when the telephone rang. 4. I was singing at that moment when everybody came in.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ at that moment when everybody came in? 5. —Were you reading books while your mother was cooking?（做否定回答） —________，______ ______. 课堂练习 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. It rained a lot last year, and many cities in America got __________ (flood). 2. What ________ Kate _________ (do) when it was snowing? 3. The weather app warns people not _________ (go) outside tonight. 4. Thanks for _________ (call) me! My family and I are all fine. 5. Teng Fei ___________ (prepare) lunch for his family when I called him. 6. The ________ from CCTV _________ lots of people in Iran last week. (interview) 7. _________ (possible), we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. 8. There are many warm-hearted people in my __________ (neighbour). 9. After seeing this touching movie, I _________ (near) cried out in the theatre. 10. Every time I have trouble ___________ (study), I ask teachers for help. 2、 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 方框内单词：prepare　hit　drive　lucky　cover 1. Before the rain started, I ___________ the desk with a plastic sheet to keep it dry. 2. A ball suddenly ___________ the window, making a loud noise. 3. While my mum __________ to the supermarket, she saw her classmate. 4. It rained heavily this morning, but __________, I took an umbrella with me. 5. Lily is making ___________ for the coming exam these days. 3、 根据汉语意思，用单词或短语完成句子 1. 这扇门上的油漆经过多年的日晒雨淋，已经开始脱落了。 The paint on the door has started to ________________ after years of rain and sun. 2. 请注意天气预报。据说今晚将有台风。 Please ______________ the weather forecast. It is said that there will be a(n) __________ tonight. 3. 我爷爷听力有困难，所以我们通常会大声地和他讲话。 My grandfather ____________, so we usually speak to him in a loud voice. 4. 去徒步旅行前，我们必须为像大雨或大风这样的恶劣天气做好准备。 Before going on a hike, we must ___________ bad weather like heavy rain or strong winds. 5. 因为昨晚的大风，我们遭遇了一场事故。 We ____________ because of the strong winds last night. 6. 在打扫地板之前，我们需要把上面的东西挪走，这样才能扫到每个角落。 Before cleaning the floor, we need to _____________ it, so we can sweep every corner. 7. 我和我的哥哥轮流做家务。他洗碗，我倒垃圾。 My brother and I take turns to ___________. He washes the dishes, and I take out the trash. 8. 台风来临之前，我们应该在家贮存应急物资。 We should store emergency _______________ at home before the typhoon. 9. 我们刚离开家，就下起了倾盆大雨。 It began to __________ as we left home. 10. 看！这只小鸟的翅膀正在拍打着笼子。它在试图飞出去。 Look! The little bird's wings ____________ the cage. It was trying to fly out. 11. 暴风雨过后，整栋楼都停电了。 The whole building was out of ___________ after the rainstorm. 4、 完形填空 I'll never forget the day when I went on a hot-air balloon trip. It was a birthday gift from my aunt. I had to __1__ early, but it wasn't a problem. I couldn't sleep because I was so excited. My parents and my aunt came to __2__. They waved as I got into the balloon. There were five other people and the pilot in it. When we took off, it was quite __3__ and I couldn't hear anything. Then it became much quieter. I can't describe the __4__. It felt like a dream. The sky was blue and clear. I could see all the people below us. They were getting smaller and smaller __5__ we got higher and higher. ____6____, a rainstorm began! The balloon started to drop. The pilot decided to land as quickly as possible, but he couldn’t ____7____ the balloon. The wind was blowing us to the sea. It was very scary! Luckily, the ____8____ changed direction and we were finally able to land on a hill. We fell out of the balloon but no one was hurt. I could walk back to my ____9____ and show them I was OK. Was I ____10____? Yes, very. Will I ever do it again? Not sure! ( ) 1. A. cut out B. get up C. hang out D. give up ( ) 2. A. help B. play C. watch D. practise ( )3. A. happy B. sad C. lucky D. noisy ( )4. A. feeling B. problem C. event D. result ( )5. A. until B. as C. if D. although ( )6. A. Luckily B. Usually C. Secondly D. Suddenly ( )7. A. improve B. control C. catch D. repair ( )8. A. wind B. plane C. bird D. taxi ( )9. A. team B. family C. friends D. classmates ( )10. A. bored B. lonely C. scared D. strict 5、 补全对话 A: Hi, Jimmy! What a heavy rain yesterday afternoon! B: So it was, Mario. A: Er... 1. ____________________? B: I was having a PE class on the playground. Guess what? We all got wet. A: I'm sorry to hear that. 2. __________________? B: My father drove me home. What about you? What were you doing at that time? A: Oh, 3. _____________________. I was on my way to Rick's birthday party. B: Really? That was too bad! Were you wearing your raincoat? A: Of course. I rode quickly but I was still 20 minutes late for the party. When I got there, 4. _______________________. B: Cutting birthday cake? How lucky you were! A: Yes! 5. ___________________. 第 1 页 共 8 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $