Unit 4 A good read 疑问词+to do和must & have to-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（译林版2024）

该初中英语单元复习学案以“疑问词+to do结构及must/have to用法”为核心，目标是帮助学生掌握语法构成、功能、搭配及区别并能灵活运用。通过表格系统梳理两大语法模块知识点，构建“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于“语法规则-语境应用-语用实践”的一体化设计，通过单项选择、完成句子及语篇填空（如“老妇人与小鸟”故事中must等词的运用），引导学生在真实语境中辨析语法差异，培养语言能力和思维品质。为学生提供精准复习支持，为教师实施单元复习教学提供完整的策略指导框架。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 A good read（新教材译林版） （疑问词+to do和must & have to） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格系统梳理两大语法模块的核心知识点，涵盖构成、用法、句式、典型例句及区别，逻辑清晰且重点突出，助力精准掌握语法应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句 一、疑问词 + to do 结构 1. 构成 疑问代词（who/what/which/whom）+ to do 疑问副词（when/how/where）+ to do 禁忌：why 不可与 to do 连用 ① We can't decide where to go.（我们不能决定去哪儿。） ② She doesn’t know what to buy.（她不知道买什么。） 2. 功能（句中成分） 作宾语（重点）：接特定动词 / 形容词后 作主语：置于句首 作表语：跟在系动词后 ① 作宾语：He taught us how to use a computer.（他教我们如何使用电脑。） ② 作主语：When to start is still a question.（何时开始仍是个问题。） ③ 作表语：My question is where to find the answer.（我的问题是在哪里找到答案。） 3. 常用搭配词 动词 / 动词短语：advise/ask/decide/know/wonder/show/teach 等 形容词：sure/clear 等 双宾语结构：ask/show/tell + 间接宾语 + 疑问词 + to do ① I wonder how to deal with the problem.（我想知道如何处理这个问题。） ② Please show us how to do that.（请给我们演示如何去做。） 4. 与宾语从句转换 疑问词 + to do（作宾语）→ 疑问词引导的宾语从句（主语一致时） He showed me how to start the machine. = He showed me how I should start the machine.（他给我示范了如何发动这台机器。） 二、must 的用法 1. 核心含义 表主观义务：必须、应该 表推测：一定、必定（仅用于肯定句） ① 义务：We must get there before five o’clock.（我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。） ② 推测：He must be our headmaster.（他肯定是我们的校长。） 2. 否定式与疑问句 否定式：mustn’t（不准、禁止） 疑问句：Must + 主语 + 动词原形？ 否定回答：needn’t /don’t have to（不必） ① 否定：You mustn’t break the rules.（你不准破坏规定。） ② 疑问：—Must I stay here after school? —No, you needn’t.（— 放学后我必须留在这儿吗？— 不，不必。） 三、have to 的用法 1. 核心含义 表客观要求：不得不、必须（别无选择） We have no food at home, so you have to go and get some.（家里没有食物了，所以你得去买一些。） 2. 形式变化 有人称 / 数 / 时态变化：has to（三人称单数）、had to（过去时） 否定式：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to 疑问句：Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形？ ① 时态变化：She has to help her mom make dinner.（她不得不帮妈妈做晚饭。） ② 否定：You don’t have to go if you don’t want to.（如果你不想去，就不必去。） ③ 疑问：Do they have to go now?（他们得现在走吗？） 四、must 与 have to 区别 1. 侧重点 must：主观意愿、义务（说话人认为必须做） have to：客观条件、要求（不得不做） ① must：I must study hard.（我必须努力学习。/ 我认为应该学） ② have to：It’s raining, so I have to stay at home.（下雨了，我不得不待在家里。/ 客观条件限制） 2. 时态范围 must：仅用于一般现在时 / 一般将来时 have to：可用于多种时态（现在 / 过去 / 将来） ① must：He must finish the work tomorrow.（他明天必须完成工作。） ② have to：The composition was due, so I had to finish it last night.（作文要交了，所以我昨晚不得不完成。） 使用注意事项 1. 疑问词 + to do 的语序：疑问词需置于 to do 前，不可颠倒（如 “which one to buy” 而非 “to buy which one”）。 2. talk 的搭配：“与某人谈论某事” 需用 “talk to sb. about sth.”，因此疑问词 + to do 结构中需保留介词（如 “who to talk to about the plan”）。 3. mustn’t 与 don’t have to 区别：mustn’t 表 “禁止”（绝对不能做），don’t have to 表 “不必”（可做可不做）。 4. have to 的第三人称单数：切记为 “has to”，否定式为 “doesn’t have to”（不可说 “hasn’t to”）。 一、单项选择 1．She has very________ close friends so that she really doesn’t know________. A．a few; who to talk to B．few; who to talk to C．little; what to do D．a few; how to do it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她没有亲密的朋友，她真的不知道和谁谈。 考查形容词及疑问词+不定式。a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；few很少，几乎没有，修饰可数复数名词；little很少，几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。friends是可数名词复数，故排除C；根据“ so that she really doesn’t know...”可知，此处表示否定意义，指没有亲密的朋友，故排除A /D ；talk to sb和某人交谈，固定短语。故选B。 2．It's Sunday morning. We_______ get up early as usual. A．haven't to B．hasn't to C．don't have to D．mustn't 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：句意：今天是星期天的早上，我们没有必要像平时一样起得早。mustn't表示禁止，千万别，一定不要。 have to不得不，否定形式用doesn’t/ don’t have to，不必，根据句意，故选C. 考点：考查情态动词的用法。 3．The students _______ be careful during the exams. A．must B．mustn’t C．doesn’t have to D．has to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学生们考试时必须细心。 本题考查情态动词。A. must 必须，强调主观上；B.mustn't 在英语中不能用于表示推测，但是可以表示"禁止/不允许"之意；C. doesn’t have to不必；D. has to必须， 不得不。强调客观上。根据介词短语during the exams.可知，此空是强调主观上的必须，此空应填must，故选A。 4．—Kitty, you ________ eat in the reading room. Look at the library rules. —I’m sorry. I won’t do it again. A．mustn’t B．can C．needn’t D．don’t have to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Kitty，你不能在阅览室吃东西。看看图书馆的规定。——对不起，我不会再这样做了。 考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止；can可以；needn’t不必；don’t have to不需要。根据“Look at the library rules.”和“won’t do it again”的语境，此处表示禁止在阅览室吃东西，强调规定不允许。故选A。 5．—Can I go swimming with John, Mom? —Of course. But you________be back by six. A．can B．must C．could D．may 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—妈妈，我可以和约翰一起去游泳吗？—当然。但是你必须在六点之前回来。 考查情态动词。can可以，能；must必须；could可以，can的过去式；may可以。题干说的是：你必须在六点之前回来。must必须，故选B。 6．This pair of glasses ________ be Bill’s. He’s the only one who wears glasses. A．can B．must C．might D．can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这副眼镜一定是比尔的。他是唯一一个戴眼镜的人。 考查情态动词辨析。can可能；must一定；might可能；can’t不可能。根据“He’s the only one who wears glasses.”可知，只有比尔戴眼镜，因此这副眼镜一定是他的，表示高度肯定的推测。故选B。 7．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really ________ go now. My son is at home alone. A．might B．must C．may D．can 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你不能多待一会儿吗？——时间不早了。我现在真的得走了。我儿子一个人在家。 考查情态动词辨析。might可能；must必须；may也许；can能。根据“My son is at home alone.”可知，此处表示“必须要走了”，情态动词must符合题意。故选B。 8．—The book report is very important. You ________ write it carefully. —But I ________ hand it in now. A．must; must B．have to; must C．must; have to D．have to; have to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个读书报告很重要。你必须仔细地写。——但我现在必须交上它。 考查情态动词。must必须，表示说话人主观上的看法；have to不得不，必须，强调客观需要。第一句表示说话人认为对方必须认真写，是主观看法，第二句表示客观需要不得不现在上交，故选C。 9．I enjoy the party very much，but I ________ go home. It's too dark. A．have to B．may C．mustn't D．can't 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：我很喜欢聚会，但我得回家了。天太黑了。本题考查情态动词must及have to的用法辨析，通读全句可知“必须”回家的原因是“It's too dark”，是客观因素，而不是发自内心的，即“have to”。故答案为A。 考点：考查情态动词的用法。 10．—I'll have a ten-day holiday. But I don't know  ________． —How about Paris? A．what to do B．where to go C．when to go D．how to go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我将有十天的假期。但是我不知道去哪儿。——去巴黎怎么样？考查宾语从句。A. what to do做什么；B. where to go去哪里；C. when to go何时去；D. how to go如何去。本句动词know后面缺宾语，四个选项都是宾语从句的简化形式（疑问词+不定式结构）。根据答语How about Paris?，可知问的是地点，需要where提问，可排除ACD三项。结合句意语境，可知选B。 11．There are so many lovely toys in the shop. I can’t decide ________. A．which to choose one B．to choose which one C．which one to choose D．to choose one which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：商店里有那么多可爱的玩具。我不能决定选哪一个。 考查非谓语动词。本题考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作动词deicde的宾语，one代指商店的玩具，跟在which后，即which one to choose。故选C。 12．The robot was out of control. Mr Zhang didn’t know ________ it. A．what to deal with B．what to do with C．how to deal D．how to do with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：机器人失去了控制。张先生不知道该怎么办。 考查短语辨析。deal with处理，对付，常与how搭配；do with处理，对付，常与what搭配。故排除选项A和D。根据“The robot was out of control. Mr Zhang didn’t know”可知，是机器人失控了，张先生不知道怎么办，选项C缺with，故排除。故选B。 13．—Mom, may I go to the party with my friends tonight? —Yes, you ________. But you ________ be back by 10: 00 pm. A．can; may B．must; have to C．may; must D．may; may 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以和朋友去派对吗？——是的，你可以。但是你必须到十点时回来。 考查情态动词。can可以；may可以；must必须；have to不得不。根据第一空表示“可以”，所以是may或can。第二空，用一个“but”表示转折，表示必须在10点钟回来。故选C。 14．This is just between you and me. You ________ tell anyone about this. A．mustn’t B．can C．should D．have not to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是你和我之间的事。你绝不能告诉其他人。 考查情态动词用法。mustn’t禁止，不准；can能，会；should应该；have not to表达有误，have to的否定为“don’t have to”。根据前句“This is just between you and me.”可知，本空应表否定，意为“禁止，不准”。故选A。 15．She looks very busy. I want to help her, but I don't know _________. A．how to do B．what to do it C．what to do D．why to do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她看起来很忙，我想帮她，但我不知道该怎么办。 考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。do，做、干，及物动词，后须跟宾语，how和why都是疑问副词，不能作宾语，故排除A、D项；what，什么，是疑问代词，可以作do的宾语，后面不能再跟宾语，故排除B项。故选C。 二、完成句子 16．We must wear safety helmets when riding bikes. (改为否定句) We safety helmets when riding bikes. 【答案】 mustn’t wear 【详解】句意：我们骑车时必须戴安全头盔。原句中“must”是情态动词，其否定形式是mustn’t，意为“禁止；不允许”。变否定句时，直接在must后加not，缩写为mustn’t，后面动词形式不变，仍用原形“wear”。故填mustn’t；wear。 17．当你来到一个新的城市，知道如何礼貌地寻求帮助是很重要的。 When you come to a new city, it’s important to know how to . 【答案】ask for help politely 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，所缺部分为“礼貌地寻求帮助”。ask for help“寻求帮助”，politely“礼貌地”，副词，修饰动词ask；结合“know how to...”可知，此处为特殊疑问词“how”+to do不定式。故填ask for help politely。 18．肯定有人在教室里打扫卫生。（完成译句） There be somebody in the classroom. 【答案】 must cleaning 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，肯定：must；打扫：clean；must be doing sth意为“一定在做某事”。故填must；cleaning。 19．Mr. White wondered where he could buy a map of Shanghai.（改为简单句） Mr. White wondered buy a map of Shanghai. 【答案】 where to 【详解】句意：怀特先生想知道他在哪里可以买到一张上海地图。将宾语从句“where he could buy a map of Shanghai”简化为“疑问词 + to do”结构。疑问词where保留，could buy变为to buy。故填where；to。 20．她不知道怎样更多地了解世界。 She doesn’t know to more the world. 【答案】 how learn/know about 【详解】根据句意可知，how意为“怎样”；learn/know sth. about sb./sth.意为“了解……”。故填how；learn/know；about。 21．我们在图书馆必须保持安静。 We in the library. 【答案】 have to keep quiet 【详解】have to do sth“必须做某事”，keep quiet“保持安静”，主语是we，动词have用原形，故填have；to；keep；quiet。 22．你能告诉我如何处理这些垃圾吗？ Can you tell me the rubbish? 【答案】what to do with 【详解】处理：do with。根据句意可知，句子应该用“疑问词what+不定式”作tell的宾语。故填what to do with。 23．Mary 想知道如何建立一个新公司。 Marry wants to know a new company. 【答案】 how to set up 【详解】疑问词how+动词不定式作动词know的宾语，set up表示“建立”，故填how；to；set；up。 24．我们还不知道什么时候参观中山纪念堂呢。 We haven’t known the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. 【答案】 when to visit 【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，空缺处应该填的是“什么时候参观”，由空前的“known”可知，空缺处应该用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，when“什么时候”，动词visit“参观”，故填when；to；visit。 25．I don’t know when we will have the meeting. （改为同义句） 1don’t know when the meeting. 【答案】 to have 【详解】句意：我不知道我们什么时候开会。也就是“我不知道什么时候开会”。原句是含有宾语从句的复合句，可以用疑问词when“什么时候”+动词不定式to have，在句中作宾语。故填to；have。 26．Could you please tell me where we can get some good food quickly? (改为同义句) Could you please tell me where some good food quickly? 【答案】 to get 【详解】句意：你能告诉我我们在哪里可以快速买到一些好吃的吗？原句中“where we can get...”是宾语从句，其同义表达可转换为“where to get...”的“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作宾语，因此空格处填“to get”，故填to；get。 27．Don’t talk loudly in the library. (改为同义句) You loudly in the library. 【答案】 mustn’t talk 【详解】句意：不要在图书馆大声说话。题干是一个否定祈使句，改为同义句时，应借助情态动词mustn’t，表示“禁止”，后接动词原形talk。故填mustn’t；talk。 28．A lot of tourists wondered when they could get to the hill. (改为同义句) A lot of tourists wondered get to the hill. 【答案】 when to 【详解】句意：许多游客想知道他们什么时候能到达山上。原句为when引导的宾语从句，且主句的主语“tourists”和从句的主语“they”意义一致，所以宾语从句部分可转变为“疑问词+不定式”结构，疑问词用when。故填when；to。 29．我正在考虑是吃鱼肉还是吃牛肉。 I'm wondering to have the fish the beef. 【答案】 whether or 【详解】分析句子可知，空格处填“是……还是……”，whether...or... 是……还是……，无论……还是……，固定短语。故填whether；or。 30．这本字典肯定是Jane的，上面有她的名字。 This dictionary be . Here is her name. 【答案】 must Jane’s 【详解】通过中英文对照可知英文句子中缺少“肯定”和“Jane的”的表达；由后面的Here is her name.可知这里表示十分肯定的推测，所以此处用must“一定、肯定”；“Jane的”即Jane的名词所有格Jane’s；故答案填(1). must (2). Jane’s 三、选词填空 Passage 1 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填词，每词只能填一次。 A．trick   B．alive   C． open   D．close   E. must There was once a wise old lady who lived on a hill. All the children used to go and ask her questions. She always gave them perfect answers. There was a little boy among the children. One day he caught a little bird and held it in his hands without anybody seeing it. Suddenly he had an idea and asked his friends to go with him. “Let’s 1 the old lady,” he said. “I’ll ask her what I’m holding in my hands. Of course, she’ll answer that I have a bird. Then I’ll ask her whether the bird is alive or not. If she says the bird is dead, then I’ll 2 my hands and let the bird fly away. If she says the bird is alive, I’ll quickly kill it and show her the dead bird. Either way, she’ll be wrong.” The children agreed this was a clever plan. So they all went to the old lady’s house together. “Granny, we have a question for you,” they all shouted. “What’s in my hands?” the little boy asked. “Why, of course it 3 be a bird,” the old lady replied. “But is it 4 or dead?” the boy asked excitedly. All the boys waited for her answer and got ready to laugh at her. The old lady thought for a moment and then replied, “It’s up to you, my dear child. If you’re kind enough, it’ll be alive.” 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. E 4. B 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个小男孩试图用一只鸟捉弄一位智慧的老妇人，但老妇人用巧妙的回答化解了陷阱的故事。 1. 句意：他说，“我们来骗骗这位老太太吧”。根据分析句子“Let’s…the old lady”，结合前后语境和备选词可知，此处考查：let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，祈使句，所以应该填入trick，动词原形，意为“欺骗、戏弄”符合语境。故选A。 2. 句意：如果她说鸟死了，那我就打开双手让鸟飞走。根据空格前“I’ll”可知，该句时态一般将来时，结构为：will+动词原形；又根据空格后“my hands and let the bird fly away.”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入open，意为“打开”，指的是打开双手让鸟飞走。故选C。 3. 句意：老太太回答，“哎呀，当然它一定是一只鸟”。根据空格后“be a bird”，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入must，情态动词，后跟动词原形，意为“一定”，表达当然它一定是一只鸟。故选E。 4. 句意：男孩兴奋地问，“但它是活的还是死的？”。根据分析句子“But is it…or dead?”可知，此处应该填入形容词，作表语，结合备选词可知，此处应该填入alive，意为“活着的”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 2 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从方框中所给的A—H八个选项中，选择最佳选项，每个词只用一次，其中有两个选项为多余选项。 A．must  B．yet  C． should  D．when  E. have to  F. before  G. never  H. already Alice is a student from England. She’s spending the Chinese New Year holiday with her friend Li Lin’s family in Beijing. She has 1 done anything like this before. Now, she is chatting excitedly with her mum online! Mum: Hi, Alice. You weren’t online all day. Where have you been? Alice: Sorry, Mum. I 2 have texted you earlier, but we’ve been busy. In the morning, we put up Chinese New Year decorations. Then in the afternoon, I helped Li Lin’s family prepare the Chinese New Year dinner. Mum: What have you prepared? Alice: We’ve prepared fish, tofu, fried meatballs, etc. Every dish has its meaning, like peace, good luck, good health... And I’ve 3 learned to make jiaozi! You 4 try making them. That’s really interesting! Mum: Sounds cool! Have you done anything special? Alice: Yes, I have. The family wished each other, and me, good luck 5 we had a big dinner together. Just 6 midnight, millions of fireworks went off together. The sky suddenly became bright and we cheered. It was very exciting. 【答案】1. G 2. C 3. H 4. A 5. D 6. F 【导语】本文讲述了英国学生Alice在北京和好友李林一家共度中国新年的经历。她通过和妈妈的线上聊天，分享了贴春联、准备年夜饭、学包饺子、吃团圆饭和看烟花等充满年味的活动，展现了中国春节的热闹氛围，也体现出她这段跨文化体验的新鲜感与愉悦感。 1. 句意：她以前从未做过这样的事情。anything通常用于否定句或疑问句，结合语境，“她以前从未有过这样的经历”，never“从未”与现在完成时搭配，构成否定表达，符合逻辑。故选G。 2. 句意：我本应该早点给你发消息的，但我们一直很忙。should have done是固定语法结构，意为“本应该做某事（实际未做）”，这里Alice表达“我本应该早点给你发消息，但我们一直很忙”的歉意，符合语境。故选C。 3. 句意：而且我已经学会包饺子了！根据“And I’ve...learned to make jiaozi!”可知，该句时态为现在完成时，already“已经”表示动作已完成，这里指“我已经学会包饺子了”，符合语境。故选H。 4. 句意：你一定要试试。根据“You...try making them.”可知，此处是Alice向妈妈推荐包饺子，must“一定要”带有强烈的推荐语气，符合语境。故选A。 5. 句意：当我们一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐时，家人互相祝福，也祝福我好运。根据“The family wished each other, and me, good luck...we had a big dinner together.”可知，此处表示“当我们一起吃年夜饭时”，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选D。 6. 句意：就在午夜之前，数百万烟花同时绽放。根据“millions of fireworks went off together”可知，午夜之前放烟花，before midnight“午夜之前”。故选F。 从方框中选择恰当的情态动词补全短文 (可重复使用) Passage 3 can, could, must, have to, should On Sunday morning, Emma and her little sister Lily were playing in their house. “Emma, I found a box. 1 you help me take it out?” Lily’s voice came from the bedroom. “Sure,” Emma said. There were old toys from their parents’ childhood. They were excited. “Dad, 2 you show us how to play with these toys?” Lily asked. “Sorry, dear. I 3 clean our house this morning,” Dad replied. “Dad, we 4 help you,” Emma said. “You’re so sweet. Let me see. 5 you help me organize the bookcase?” Dad asked. Emma and Lily began arranging books by size and color. After that Dad said, “Thank you, my dears. Now, 6 you please set the table for lunch?” “Of course,” Emma and Lily said. Lily put plates on the table in a rush. Emma stopped her and said, “We 7 put them carefully on the table, or we’ll break them.” “Now I 8 tell you how to play with those toys,” Dad said after lunch. They had a great time playing together. 【答案】1. Could/Can 2. could/can 3. have to 4. can 5. Could/Can 6. could 7. should 8. can 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了周日上午Emma、妹妹Lily和爸爸互动，帮忙做家务并期待爸爸展示玩具玩法的故事。 1. 句意：你能帮我把它拿出来吗？根据句意以及“you help me take it out?”可知，此处是Lily请求Emma帮忙，请求对方做某事常用“Could/Can you...?”句型。Could语气更委婉礼貌，Can语气更直接，此处两种情态动词均符合语境。故填Could/Can。 2. 句意：爸爸，你能给我们展示一下怎么玩这些玩具吗？根据“Dad...you show us how to play with these toys?”可知，这里是Lily向爸爸提出请求，需用表请求的情态动词，can和could均可。故填could/can。 3. 句意：对不起，亲爱的。我今天早上必须打扫我们的房子。根据“Sorry, dear.”可知，他无法满足女儿的请求，原因是“必须”做家务，有客观必要性。must强调主观认为必须，have to强调客观必要性，符合语境。主语是I，时态为一般现在时，所以用原形have to。故填have to。 4. 句意：爸爸，我们可以帮你。根据“Dad, we...help you”可知，此处是艾玛主动提出帮忙，表示“我们能够/可以帮忙”，表达提供帮助的意愿和能力。can表示“能够，可以”，符合语境。故填can。 5. 句意：你们能帮我整理一下书柜吗？根据“Let me see...you help me organize the bookcase?”可知，此处是爸爸向女儿们发出请求，询问“能否”帮忙整理书柜，需用表请求的情态动词，can和could均可，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Could/Can。 6. 句意：现在，你们能帮忙布置午饭的桌子吗？根据“Now...you please set the table for lunch?”可知，此处是爸爸请求孩子们布置餐桌，此处是带有“please”的礼貌请求，“Could you please...”是表达委婉请求的常用固定句型。因此用could you please...这个句型更显礼貌和委婉，且符合语境。故填could。 7. 句意：我们应该小心地把它们放在桌子上，否则我们会打碎它们的。根据“or we’ll break them”可知，前半句是为避免坏结果而提出的建议，should“应该”最能体现这种劝告语气，符合语境。故填should。 8. 句意：现在我可以告诉你们怎么玩那些玩具了。根据“tell you how to play with those toys”以及句意可知，此处表示爸爸可以教孩子们玩玩具，强调能力或许可。can表示“能够，可以”，符合语境。故填can。 Passage 4 用方框中词的适当形式填空。 把答案写在答题卡小题的横线上 final   for   way   how   one   need   and   don’t    add   large   Everyone knows that fish is good 1 our health. The fat in fish can help protect our hearts. But many people don’t cook fish at home. Some people don’t know 2 to buy fresh fish, and others don’t know how to cook fish after buying them. In fact, it just 3 a little knowledge (知识). This text is about how to buy 4 cook fish in an easy way. When you buy fish, first smell it. Fresh fish should smell sweet. Strong smells mean the fish isn’t fresh. 5 buy it. When you have bought a fish and arrived home, you should put it in the fridge to keep it fresh. There are many common 6 to cook a fish. The easiest way is to steam it. 7 , clean it. And 8 some sauce to it. Then put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. A 9 one will take more time. 10 , you can enjoy it. 【答案】 1. for 2. how 3. needs 4. and 5. Don’t 6. ways 7. First/Firstly 8. add 9. larger 10. Finally 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何买鱼以及烹饪鱼。 1. 句意：每个人都知道鱼对我们有好处。be good for意为“对……有好处”，固定搭配。故填for。 2. 句意：一些人不知道怎么买新鲜的鱼，其他一些人在买了鱼之后不知道怎么烹饪鱼。根据“Some people don’t know...to buy fresh fish”和备选词可知，不知道怎么买新鲜的鱼。 how意为“怎样”，符合语境。故填 how。 3. 句意：事实上，它只需要一点知识。根据“In fact, it just...a little knowledge.”和备选词可知，只需要一点知识。need意为“需要”，符合语义；本句时态描述客观情况，用一般现在时，且主语it为第三人称单数，所以需将need改为三单形式needs。故填needs。 4. 句意：这篇文章是关于怎么样用一种简单的方式去买和烹饪鱼。根据“This text is about how to buy...cook fish in an easy way.”和备选词可知，空处需要一个并列连词，连接动词buy和cook。and意为“和”，并列连词。故填and。 5. 句意：不要买它。根据“Strong smells mean the fish isn’t fresh...buy it.”和备选词可知，发出强烈气味的鱼不要去买它。don’t意为“不要”，放在祈使句否定句的开头。故填Don’t。 6. 句意：烹饪鱼有很多常见的方法。根据“There are many common...to cook a fish.”和备选词可知，烹饪鱼有很多常见方法。way意为“方法；方式”，单数可数名词，且不止一种方法，所以使用其复数形式ways。故填ways。 7. 句意：首先，清理干净它。根据“..., clean it.”和备选词可知，这是做鱼的第一个步骤，空处应填“首先；第一”，需将基数词one变为序数词first/firstly，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填First/Firstly。 8. 句意：把一些调味汁添加到上面。add...to...意为“把……添加到……上”，固定搭配；add也位于祈使句开头和前面的动词clean并列。故填add。 9. 句意：相对大一点的鱼会花更多的时间。根据后面的more可知，空处也需填一个形容词比较级修饰后面的one，意为“更大的鱼需要更多的时间”，large意为“大的”，形容词，需改为比较级larger。故填larger。 10. 句意：最后，你就可以享受它了。根据“..., you can enjoy it.”和备选词可知，这是烹饪鱼的最后一个步骤，空处应填“最后”，且需要用副词形式修饰整个句子；final意为“最后”，形容词，需改为副词形式finally；且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Finally。 Passage 5 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整正确（每词限用一次）。 people   noisy   other   well   or   different   rule   follow   from   must My name is Li Hua. I’m 1 Guangming Middle School. There is a big library in my school. I often go there because I like reading. There are 2 kinds of books. As for me, I like storybooks 3 . You can see lots of 4 in the library. Many teachers and students come to the library every day. Some people borrow books from the library and take them home. But they sometimes read in the library. There are some 5 in the library. If you come to the library, you must follow them. You can’t bring food 6 drinks into the library. When you put the chair down, don’t make a 7 . At the same time, you have to be quiet in the room. You have to leave your schoolbag or 8 things outside the library and take them away when you leave. If you want to borrow books, you 9 use your student ID card and return (归还) them on time. These are the rules of my school library. I always 10 them. And you? 【答案】 1. from 2. different 3. best 4. people 5. rules 6. or 7. noise 8. other 9. must 10. follow 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者学校的图书馆以及需要遵守的规则。 1. 句意：我来自光明中学。be from“来自”，固定短语，故填from。 2. 句意：那里有各种各样的书。different kinds of“各种各样的”，故填different。 3. 句意：至于我，我最喜欢故事书。根据“I like storybooks”可知，此处表达最喜欢故事书，well“很，非常”，其最高级best“最”，副词最高级修饰动词like，故填best。 4. 句意：你可以看到图书馆里有很多人。根据“Many teachers and students come to the library every day.”可知，图书馆里有很多人，故填people。 5. 句意：图书馆里有一些规则。根据“If you come to the library, you must follow them.”可知，这里指图书馆里有一些规则，rule“规则”符合语境，此处应用其复数形式rules，故填rules。 6. 句意：你不能把食物或饮料带进图书馆。根据“food …drinks”可知，此处为并列关系，否定句中用or表并列，故填or。 7. 句意：当你把椅子放下时，不要发出声音。根据“When you put the chair down,”可知，在图书馆挪动椅子时不能发出声音，make a noise“发出声音”，故填noise。 8. 句意：你必须把你的书包或者其他东西放在图书馆外面，当你离开的时候把它们拿走。根据“You have to leave your schoolbag or… things outside the library”可知，这里指书包或者其他东西要放在图书馆外面，other“其他的”符合语境，故填other。 9. 句意：如果你想借书，你必须使用你的学生证并按时归还。分析句子，此处表达你必须使用你的学生证并按时归还，空处应为情态动词must“必须”，故填must。 10. 句意：我一直遵守着它们。分析句子，them指代rules，因此这里表达遵守规则，follow“遵循，遵守”符合语境，主语是I，谓语动词用原形，故填follow。 Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 health, problem, advice,  follow, feel, better  should, not, have to, take Everyone may face health 1 in daily life. When we are ill, we 2 worry too much. First, we should go to see a doctor and get professional 3 . Then, we must 4 the doctor’s suggestions, such as 5 medicine on time and resting well. We 6 also pay attention to our daily habits to prevent health problems. We should eat a 7 diet, exercise regularly and get enough sleep. Last month, my friend had a bad cold. He 8 take medicine at first, so he felt worse. Later, he went to the hospital and followed the doctor’s advice. After a week, he 9 much 10 . 【答案】 1. problems 2. don’t have to 3. advice 4. follow 5. taking 6. should 7. healthy 8. didn’t 9. felt 10. better 【导语】本文讲述了日常生活中应对健康问题的方法，以及良好生活习惯的重要性。 1. 句意：每个人在日常生活中都可能面临健康问题。“problem”意为“问题”，“health problems”是固定搭配，意为“健康问题”，此处用复数形式表示泛指。故填problems。 2. 句意：当我们生病时，不必过于担心。根据后文提的建议可知，此处表示生病不必担心，have to“必须；不得不”，其否定式在前加don’t或doesn’t have to，we作主语，助动词用don’t。故填don’t have to。 3. 句意：首先，我们应该去看医生并获得专业建议。“advice”意为“建议”，是不可数名词，“get professional advice”是固定搭配，意为“获得专业建议”。故填advice。 4. 句意：然后，我们必须遵循医生的建议。“follow”意为“遵循”，“follow the doctor’s suggestions”是固定搭配，意为“遵循医生的建议”。must情态动词，后接动词原形。故填follow。 5. 句意：比如按时吃药和好好休息。“take medicine”是固定搭配，意为“吃药”，and“和”，表并列，resting为动名词形式，因此“take”变为“taking”。故填taking。 6. 句意：我们也应该注意日常习惯以预防健康问题。“should”意为“应当”，符合语境中“提出建议”的逻辑。故填should。 7. 句意：我们应该吃健康的饮食、定期锻炼并保证充足的睡眠。“health”的形容词形式是“healthy”，“a healthy diet”是固定搭配，意为“健康的饮食”。故填healthy 8. 句意：起初他没有吃药，所以病情加重了。根据后文“so he felt worse”可知，他一开始没吃药，句子为一般过去时，“have”的否定形式用“did not have”，但此处“take medicine”的否定是“did not take”，结合语境，填“didn’t”。故填didn’t。 9. 句意：一周后，他感觉好多了。“feel”意为“感觉”，句子为一般过去时，“feel”的过去式是“felt”。故填felt。 10. 句意：一周后，他感觉好多了。“better”是“good/well”的比较级，much修饰形容词比较级，“much better”，意为“好多了”。故填better。 2 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 A good read（新教材译林版） （疑问词+to do和must & have to） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格系统梳理两大语法模块的核心知识点，涵盖构成、用法、句式、典型例句及区别，逻辑清晰且重点突出，助力精准掌握语法应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句 一、疑问词 + to do 结构 1. 构成 疑问代词（who/what/which/whom）+ to do 疑问副词（when/how/where）+ to do 禁忌：why 不可与 to do 连用 ① We can't decide where to go.（我们不能决定去哪儿。） ② She doesn’t know what to buy.（她不知道买什么。） 2. 功能（句中成分） 作宾语（重点）：接特定动词 / 形容词后 作主语：置于句首 作表语：跟在系动词后 ① 作宾语：He taught us how to use a computer.（他教我们如何使用电脑。） ② 作主语：When to start is still a question.（何时开始仍是个问题。） ③ 作表语：My question is where to find the answer.（我的问题是在哪里找到答案。） 3. 常用搭配词 动词 / 动词短语：advise/ask/decide/know/wonder/show/teach 等 形容词：sure/clear 等 双宾语结构：ask/show/tell + 间接宾语 + 疑问词 + to do ① I wonder how to deal with the problem.（我想知道如何处理这个问题。） ② Please show us how to do that.（请给我们演示如何去做。） 4. 与宾语从句转换 疑问词 + to do（作宾语）→ 疑问词引导的宾语从句（主语一致时） He showed me how to start the machine. = He showed me how I should start the machine.（他给我示范了如何发动这台机器。） 二、must 的用法 1. 核心含义 表主观义务：必须、应该 表推测：一定、必定（仅用于肯定句） ① 义务：We must get there before five o’clock.（我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。） ② 推测：He must be our headmaster.（他肯定是我们的校长。） 2. 否定式与疑问句 否定式：mustn’t（不准、禁止） 疑问句：Must + 主语 + 动词原形？ 否定回答：needn’t /don’t have to（不必） ① 否定：You mustn’t break the rules.（你不准破坏规定。） ② 疑问：—Must I stay here after school? —No, you needn’t.（— 放学后我必须留在这儿吗？— 不，不必。） 三、have to 的用法 1. 核心含义 表客观要求：不得不、必须（别无选择） We have no food at home, so you have to go and get some.（家里没有食物了，所以你得去买一些。） 2. 形式变化 有人称 / 数 / 时态变化：has to（三人称单数）、had to（过去时） 否定式：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to 疑问句：Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形？ ① 时态变化：She has to help her mom make dinner.（她不得不帮妈妈做晚饭。） ② 否定：You don’t have to go if you don’t want to.（如果你不想去，就不必去。） ③ 疑问：Do they have to go now?（他们得现在走吗？） 四、must 与 have to 区别 1. 侧重点 must：主观意愿、义务（说话人认为必须做） have to：客观条件、要求（不得不做） ① must：I must study hard.（我必须努力学习。/ 我认为应该学） ② have to：It’s raining, so I have to stay at home.（下雨了，我不得不待在家里。/ 客观条件限制） 2. 时态范围 must：仅用于一般现在时 / 一般将来时 have to：可用于多种时态（现在 / 过去 / 将来） ① must：He must finish the work tomorrow.（他明天必须完成工作。） ② have to：The composition was due, so I had to finish it last night.（作文要交了，所以我昨晚不得不完成。） 使用注意事项 1. 疑问词 + to do 的语序：疑问词需置于 to do 前，不可颠倒（如 “which one to buy” 而非 “to buy which one”）。 2. talk 的搭配：“与某人谈论某事” 需用 “talk to sb. about sth.”，因此疑问词 + to do 结构中需保留介词（如 “who to talk to about the plan”）。 3. mustn’t 与 don’t have to 区别：mustn’t 表 “禁止”（绝对不能做），don’t have to 表 “不必”（可做可不做）。 4. have to 的第三人称单数：切记为 “has to”，否定式为 “doesn’t have to”（不可说 “hasn’t to”）。 一、单项选择 1．She has very________ close friends so that she really doesn’t know________. A．a few; who to talk to B．few; who to talk to C．little; what to do D．a few; how to do it 2．It's Sunday morning. We_______ get up early as usual. A．haven't to B．hasn't to C．don't have to D．mustn't 3．The students _______ be careful during the exams. A．must B．mustn’t C．doesn’t have to D．has to 4．—Kitty, you ________ eat in the reading room. Look at the library rules. —I’m sorry. I won’t do it again. A．mustn’t B．can C．needn’t D．don’t have to 5．—Can I go swimming with John, Mom? —Of course. But you________be back by six. A．can B．must C．could D．may 6．This pair of glasses ________ be Bill’s. He’s the only one who wears glasses. A．can B．must C．might D．can’t 7．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really ________ go now. My son is at home alone. A．might B．must C．may D．can 8．—The book report is very important. You ________ write it carefully. —But I ________ hand it in now. A．must; must B．have to; must C．must; have to D．have to; have to 9．I enjoy the party very much，but I ________ go home. It's too dark. A．have to B．may C．mustn't D．can't 10．—I'll have a ten-day holiday. But I don't know  ________． —How about Paris? A．what to do B．where to go C．when to go D．how to go 11．There are so many lovely toys in the shop. I can’t decide ________. A．which to choose one B．to choose which one C．which one to choose D．to choose one which 12．The robot was out of control. Mr Zhang didn’t know ________ it. A．what to deal with B．what to do with C．how to deal D．how to do with 13．—Mom, may I go to the party with my friends tonight? —Yes, you ________. But you ________ be back by 10: 00 pm. A．can; may B．must; have to C．may; must D．may; may 14．This is just between you and me. You ________ tell anyone about this. A．mustn’t B．can C．should D．have not to 15．She looks very busy. I want to help her, but I don't know _________. A．how to do B．what to do it C．what to do D．why to do 二、完成句子 16．We must wear safety helmets when riding bikes. (改为否定句) We safety helmets when riding bikes. 17．当你来到一个新的城市，知道如何礼貌地寻求帮助是很重要的。 When you come to a new city, it’s important to know how to . 18．肯定有人在教室里打扫卫生。（完成译句） There be somebody in the classroom. 19．Mr. White wondered where he could buy a map of Shanghai.（改为简单句） Mr. White wondered buy a map of Shanghai. 20．她不知道怎样更多地了解世界。 She doesn’t know to more the world. 21．我们在图书馆必须保持安静。 We in the library. 22．你能告诉我如何处理这些垃圾吗？ Can you tell me the rubbish? 23．Mary 想知道如何建立一个新公司。 Marry wants to know a new company. 24．我们还不知道什么时候参观中山纪念堂呢。 We haven’t known the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. 25．I don’t know when we will have the meeting. （改为同义句） 1don’t know when the meeting. 26．Could you please tell me where we can get some good food quickly? (改为同义句) Could you please tell me where some good food quickly? 27．Don’t talk loudly in the library. (改为同义句) You loudly in the library. 28．A lot of tourists wondered when they could get to the hill. (改为同义句) A lot of tourists wondered get to the hill. 29．我正在考虑是吃鱼肉还是吃牛肉。 I'm wondering to have the fish the beef. 30．这本字典肯定是Jane的，上面有她的名字。 This dictionary be . Here is her name. 三、选词填空 Passage 1 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填词，每词只能填一次。 A．trick   B．alive   C． open   D．close   E. must There was once a wise old lady who lived on a hill. All the children used to go and ask her questions. She always gave them perfect answers. There was a little boy among the children. One day he caught a little bird and held it in his hands without anybody seeing it. Suddenly he had an idea and asked his friends to go with him. “Let’s 1 the old lady,” he said. “I’ll ask her what I’m holding in my hands. Of course, she’ll answer that I have a bird. Then I’ll ask her whether the bird is alive or not. If she says the bird is dead, then I’ll 2 my hands and let the bird fly away. If she says the bird is alive, I’ll quickly kill it and show her the dead bird. Either way, she’ll be wrong.” The children agreed this was a clever plan. So they all went to the old lady’s house together. “Granny, we have a question for you,” they all shouted. “What’s in my hands?” the little boy asked. “Why, of course it 3 be a bird,” the old lady replied. “But is it 4 or dead?” the boy asked excitedly. All the boys waited for her answer and got ready to laugh at her. The old lady thought for a moment and then replied, “It’s up to you, my dear child. If you’re kind enough, it’ll be alive.” Passage 2 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从方框中所给的A—H八个选项中，选择最佳选项，每个词只用一次，其中有两个选项为多余选项。 A．must  B．yet  C． should  D．when  E. have to  F. before  G. never  H. already Alice is a student from England. She’s spending the Chinese New Year holiday with her friend Li Lin’s family in Beijing. She has 1 done anything like this before. Now, she is chatting excitedly with her mum online! Mum: Hi, Alice. You weren’t online all day. Where have you been? Alice: Sorry, Mum. I 2 have texted you earlier, but we’ve been busy. In the morning, we put up Chinese New Year decorations. Then in the afternoon, I helped Li Lin’s family prepare the Chinese New Year dinner. Mum: What have you prepared? Alice: We’ve prepared fish, tofu, fried meatballs, etc. Every dish has its meaning, like peace, good luck, good health... And I’ve 3 learned to make jiaozi! You 4 try making them. That’s really interesting! Mum: Sounds cool! Have you done anything special? Alice: Yes, I have. The family wished each other, and me, good luck 5 we had a big dinner together. Just 6 midnight, millions of fireworks went off together. The sky suddenly became bright and we cheered. It was very exciting. Passage 3 can, could, must, have to, should On Sunday morning, Emma and her little sister Lily were playing in their house. “Emma, I found a box. 1 you help me take it out?” Lily’s voice came from the bedroom. “Sure,” Emma said. There were old toys from their parents’ childhood. They were excited. “Dad, 2 you show us how to play with these toys?” Lily asked. “Sorry, dear. I 3 clean our house this morning,” Dad replied. “Dad, we 4 help you,” Emma said. “You’re so sweet. Let me see. 5 you help me organize the bookcase?” Dad asked. Emma and Lily began arranging books by size and color. After that Dad said, “Thank you, my dears. Now, 6 you please set the table for lunch?” “Of course,” Emma and Lily said. Lily put plates on the table in a rush. Emma stopped her and said, “We 7 put them carefully on the table, or we’ll break them.” “Now I 8 tell you how to play with those toys,” Dad said after lunch. They had a great time playing together. Passage 4 用方框中词的适当形式填空。 把答案写在答题卡小题的横线上 final   for   way   how   one   need   and   don’t    add   large   Everyone knows that fish is good 1 our health. The fat in fish can help protect our hearts. But many people don’t cook fish at home. Some people don’t know 2 to buy fresh fish, and others don’t know how to cook fish after buying them. In fact, it just 3 a little knowledge (知识). This text is about how to buy 4 cook fish in an easy way. When you buy fish, first smell it. Fresh fish should smell sweet. Strong smells mean the fish isn’t fresh. 5 buy it. When you have bought a fish and arrived home, you should put it in the fridge to keep it fresh. There are many common 6 to cook a fish. The easiest way is to steam it. 7 , clean it. And 8 some sauce to it. Then put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. A 9 one will take more time. 10 , you can enjoy it. Passage 5 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整正确（每词限用一次）。 people   noisy   other   well   or   different   rule   follow   from   must My name is Li Hua. I’m 1 Guangming Middle School. There is a big library in my school. I often go there because I like reading. There are 2 kinds of books. As for me, I like storybooks 3 . You can see lots of 4 in the library. Many teachers and students come to the library every day. Some people borrow books from the library and take them home. But they sometimes read in the library. There are some 5 in the library. If you come to the library, you must follow them. You can’t bring food 6 drinks into the library. When you put the chair down, don’t make a 7 . At the same time, you have to be quiet in the room. You have to leave your schoolbag or 8 things outside the library and take them away when you leave. If you want to borrow books, you 9 use your student ID card and return (归还) them on time. These are the rules of my school library. I always 10 them. And you? Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 health, problem, advice,  follow, feel, better  should, not, have to, take Everyone may face health 1 in daily life. When we are ill, we 2 worry too much. First, we should go to see a doctor and get professional 3 . Then, we must 4 the doctor’s suggestions, such as 5 medicine on time and resting well. We 6 also pay attention to our daily habits to prevent health problems. We should eat a 7 diet, exercise regularly and get enough sleep. Last month, my friend had a bad cold. He 8 take medicine at first, so he felt worse. Later, he went to the hospital and followed the doctor’s advice. After a week, he 9 much 10 . 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $