专题十六　阅读理解 课件-2026年河北中考英语二轮复习

河北专用 中考英语 专题十六　阅读理解 一、选择型阅读题目考查的类型 阅读理解题主要考查学生根据所提供的材料综合运用所学的语言知识并从中获取文字信息的能 力。阅读理解的题型以选择型阅读理解为主。从设题角度分析,选择型阅读的题型共分五类:细节 理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题和标题归纳题。 1.细节理解题 此类题目常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,目的在于测试考生对文章中心思想的支撑事实 和细节的理解能力,以及捕捉直接信息、处理间接信息的能力。这是阅读中最基本的题目,一般每 篇文章中会出现1~3个。细节理解题主要以who、what、when、why、where、how等进行设问考 查文章细节。 细节理解题常见的设问方式有: (1)Which of the following is true/false/mentioned? (2)What does the writer pay the least attention to? (3)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. (4)All of the following statements may be true/false except... (5)Which of the following is not the result of...? (6)When/Where/Why/Who/How/What...? 这类试题的答案大多都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字描述,可能是原文中的一个句子,也可能 是若干个句子。但有些题目是以不同于原句的形式出现的,其答案也需要借助同义或反义的转换 来获得。 2.推理判断题 推理判断题主要考查考生对文章言外之意的理解,要求考生具有基于原文对目标内容进行推理判 断的能力。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的 关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外 之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。 这种类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求考生根 据文章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外 之意等;结论推理题和出处推理题要求考生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文 章的出处。 推理判断题的常见设问方式有: (1)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that... (2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? (3)The writer suggests that... (4)The writer uses the example of...to show that... (5)What’s the writer’s attitude toward...? (6)What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? (7)From the passage,we know... (8)The writer probably agrees that... 3.词义猜测题 这类题目旨在考查考生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅 读理解的基本技巧之一,也是学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不 但会使我们习惯于依赖词典,而且还会影响阅读速度。那么我们如何理解生僻词汇呢?利用上下 文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。 词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求考生推断多义词在特定的语言环境中的正确意思; 生词释义要求考生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难词释义要求考生根据范围稍大的上下文 推断词意。 词义猜测题的常见设问方式为: (1)What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese? (2)The underlined word...refers to/probably means... (3)The underlined word...could be replaced by... (4)What is the meaning of...? (5)Which of the following words can take the place of the word...? 4.主旨大意题 该类题目要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。要求学生具有根据文 章内容感知文章主旨的能力。解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文 章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时,都需要在细读全文 的基础上,结合背景知识、所学语言知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐 含的信息。 主旨大意题的常见设问方式为: (1)What’s the main idea of this passage? (2)What does the passage mainly tell us? (3)What does the passage mainly discuss? (4)The writer means to tell us that 　　    . (5)The main idea of the passage is that 　　    . (6)The passage is mainly about 　　    . (7)From the passage we can learn/conclude that 　　    . (8)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with 　　    . 5.标题归纳题 这种类型的考题考查考生准确理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。标题归纳题实质上与主 旨大意题一样,考查的都是文章的主旨大意,只不过这两类题型的选项形式不同:前者通常是短语 或短句,后者通常以一句话的形式出现。所以,解答主旨大意题的部分技巧对于标题归纳题同样适 用。通常文章的标题具有概括性、针对性和醒目性的特点。 标题归纳题常见的设问方式为: (1)What is the best title for the text? (2)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? (3)What is the best title for the passage? (4)The best/most suitable title for this text would be 　　    . 二、阅读理解的解题技巧 阅读理解主要考查学生对于不同体裁及不同题材语言材料的理解能力,以及通过材料的阅读,对材 料中信息的捕获能力。针对不同的设题类型,我们可以运用不同的解题技巧: 微技能1　理解事实细节 做此类试题时,考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等阅读技巧快速浏览文章,发现文 章中的细节信息,然后抓取题干关键词,定位到原文中来解题。具体解题方法如下: 方法1　直接搜寻答案 根据题干的关键信息,在文章中寻找相关的语句,与题干核对信息,比对选项和原文细节,得出答 案。 例　I’m Emily. I like doing arts. We often paint pictures and make things at the club. We have a helper in the arts room. He’s really nice. People talk to him about their problems. (　　)Who paints pictures and makes things at the club? A.Sam.　　　B.Bob.　　　C.Rose.　　　D.Emily. 分析　本题为细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“paints pictures and makes things at the club” 定位至文章中“I’m Emily. I like doing arts. We often paint pictures and make things at the club.”由 此可知埃米莉在俱乐部里画画、做东西。故答案为D。 方法2　间接转换得到答案 根据题干中的关键词,在文章中寻找相关段落与句子,并转换为选项中的表述,核对选项的意义与 文章的意义是否一致。 例　Mike, when did you start cooking? When I was four, I became interested in cooking. I stared helping my mum in the kitchen when I was five. At the age of six, I could make vegetable salad. One year later, I could make a fruit pie all by myself. (　　)When could Mike make a fruit pie all by himself? A.At the age of four. B.At the age of five. C.At the age of six. D.At the age of seven. 分析　本题为细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“make a fruit pie all by himself”定位至本语 段中最后两句“At the age of six, I could make vegetable salad. One year later, I could make a fruit pie all by myself.”,由“At the age of six”及“ One year later”可知,迈克7岁时可以自己做水果 派。故答案为D。 微技能2　基于文章内容进行推理判断 此类试题要求考生对文章的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理,也就是要运用逻辑推理能 力推断出隐含在文章中的事实及暗示的含义。 方法3　针对文中细节的推断 这种题目常常集中对文章中某一点或几点提出问题。回答这类问题时,考生首先应仔细阅读原文, 搜索选项相关信息,以确定推理依据的范围,然后结合题意及文中信息进行推断。 例　   (　　)Which should Joyce do better in? A.Speaking.　　　　B.Writing. C.Grammar.　　　　D.Vocabulary. 分析　本题为推理判断题。仔细阅读全文后,结合题意,比对后面的得分,“Speaking”包含两项, 一项3分,一项2分;“Writing”一项,得满分4分;“Grammar”包含两项,一项为3分,一项为满分4分; “Vocabulary”包含两项,两项都是满分4分。四项中“Speaking”成绩最差。由此推知,乔伊斯应 该在“Speaking”上做得更好一些。故答案为A。 方法4　对作者观点、态度、情感的推断 作者写文章时,经常持有某种态度或倾向。作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来,考生 需要根据文中表达感情色彩、观点态度的词语或句子推断作者的观点态度,提炼作者的观点。做 题时,考生切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点。 例　We must not be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb(灯泡). When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times. (　　)In the writer’s eyes, why did Edison achieve success? A.He got help from others. B.He happened to make it. C.He avoided possible mistakes. D.He saw the bright side of losing. 分析　本题为推理判断题。由文中“When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it.”及“When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work.”可推知,在作者看来,爱迪生取得成功是因为他能看到失 败中光明的一面。故答案为D。 方法5　根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处 做此类题目时,除了根据文章内容,还可根据文章的体裁(包括文章的语言特色和格式)推断出处。 如:报纸上会出现日期、地点和通讯社名称;广告的用词和格式都很特殊。 例　 Welcome to the Art Museum! You’ve just stepped into one of the world’s greatest collections of art, covering centuries of human creativity from around the world. With thousands of works on show, you may wonder how to start your visit, but we are here to help. On the back of this Visitor Guide, you’ll find directions to some must- see works in our collection—the “don’t miss” list for the Art Museum. It’s a great choice to start if you are new to the museum. (　　)The passage is a page from 　　    . A.a tour map　　　　 B.a newspaper C.a visitor guide　　　　D.a picture book 分析　本题为推理判断题。由文中“On the back of this Visitor Guide, you’ll find directions to some must-see works in our collection—the ‘don’t miss’ list for the Art Museum.”中的关键词 “Visitor Guide”可以推测本文来自游客手册。故答案为C。 方法6　根据文章行文逻辑推断文章后续发展 做这类题目时,要把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的顺序来写,也可能按因果关系、 对比关系等来写)。作者往往先提出几个要解决或说明的问题或提出几种观点然后再一一解释说 明。因此,考生可以先找出作者已经阐明的问题或观点,然后进行推断时,既要以文章的主题思想 作为推断的前提,又要注意作者的措辞。 例 Miss Mills and his classmates were excited, but Dan threw himself onto his chair, silent. Dan could not rap on TV. In class, Dan could not do his physics. He could not think. Dan was not a kid who got nervous a lot, but he did not wish to rap on TV. Could he be lucky again?Anyway,who wanted to lose? Dan thought perhaps he would not attend the national competition.Then he would not have to rap on TV. Dan’s friends sensed something was going on his mind. They planned to give him some help. When Dan got to class the next day, he saw a sign on the wall. It said,“Dan, just rap like in our classroom!” Dan smiled. “Perhaps it’s not that hard to rap on TV,”he thought. (　　)What do you think happened later according to the story? A.Dan hated his friends for their push. B.Dan forgot what he should rap on TV. C.Dan attended the national competition. D.Dan stopped rapping after the competition. 分析　本题为推理判断题。选文第一段叙述了丹在得知要参加全国比赛的消息时因为害怕失败 想退缩,但由选文最后一段中的“Dan smiled.”以及“Perhaps it’s not that hard to rap on TV”可 推知,在朋友们的帮助下,丹最终决定去参加全国比赛了。故本题选择C项。 微技能3　选择文章标题或段落小标题 这种类型的考题考查考生准确理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。选择标题在英语阅读理 解题中,是深层理解题。 方法7　主题句定标题 标题对文章的主题具有概括性。因此,寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常 在文章首段,但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落,或者分散在文章的各个段落中。确定 好文章的主题句,然后选择和主题句意义一致的标题。 例　 　　Each of us has dreams and goals for our future. What makes us study and make progress each day is closely connected with our personal dream and goal. But why do you have dreams and goals and you still end up with nothing? What separates successful people from the dreamers is their persistent(锲而不舍的) action. When you learn your lessons in school, you must work hard and not give up. You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with. If we have a hard lesson today, let us try our best to learn it well and then we shall be prepared for a harder one tomorrow. This is the famous formula(公式) for success: Dream > Believe> Achieve Most people have what they want (Dream) and think they can realize their dreams (Believe). And then they do nothing. They just imagine their dreams can come true. When they get tired of waiting and lose a lot, they get bored. They say angrily how terrible their life is. I personally believe that if you really want to achieve your dreams and goals in life, you have to add one thing to your success formula: Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve For me, act is the most important thing for success, and that’s to Take Persistent Action (Act). If you say “I can’t do it” and give up, you can never do anything valuable. However, “I’ll try” creates wonders. Let’s remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them. Success is not something that falls down from the sky. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent action. Please remember: Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality. (　　)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.Doing Something Valuable B.Studying Hard and Making Progress C.Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action D.Separating Successful People from Dreamers 分析　本题为标题归纳题。本文阐述了作者对梦想的看法,并指出锲而不舍的行动是实现梦想的 保证。本文主题句为文章最后一句“Please remember: Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality.”。C选项“Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action”和主题句意思相近,故答 案为C。 方法8　高频词汇定标题 在阅读文章时,要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息,要注意哪些关键词出现的频率较高,寻找与 文章大多数内容相关的信息,找出覆盖全文的核心词汇,做题时就倾向于选择含有这些词汇或信息 的标题。 例　 　　Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure(失败). This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser. We must not be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb (灯 泡). When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times. Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future. We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. Some win, while some lose. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations (祝贺) to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure. In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples to us, and most importantly, they finally win. (　　)What is the best title for the text? A.Ideas about How to Avoid Mistakes B.Experience in Dealing with Problems C.Advice on How to Be a Good Loser D.Advantages of both Success and Failure 分析　本题为标题归纳题。四个选项中C选项中的核心词汇“Loser”以及“lose”多次在文中 出现,可以推断这是覆盖全文的核心词汇。故答案为C。 微技能4　归纳概括文章主旨或段落大意 主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章内容或段落内容进行归纳、概括或评 价。解答这类题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。“主题句定位法”是一种理解全文 或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。 方法9　主题句在文首 主题句出现在文首。开门见山,提出主题,随后用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。受英语开门 见山、直切主题的表达特点的影响,主题句在文首的情况居多。 例　  　School Activity: the “Exercise Month”      A number of important school activities are coming up, and the biggest one is the “Exercise Month”.What is our aim(目的)? The “Exercise Month” is organised by the Youth Sports Club. The main aim of this activity is to improve our school members’knowledge about the importance of exercise. What are our activities? The “Exercise Month” will take place from 15 December to 15 January. During this month, a lot of activities will be held to show the importance of exercise. ●Writing Competition The topic of the writing competition is “Exercise and Me”. The length of the writing is 500 words for this competition. ●Talk The talk will be given on 18 December. The speaker will be Dr. Chiu from St Stephen’s Hospital. He will then answer our members’questions about exercise. ●Exhibition(展览) The exhibition will be held from 19 December to 3 January in our school hall. The history of different kinds of exercise, and the winning and excellent writings from the competition will be on show. 　　●After-school Exercise Classes The after-school exercise classes will run from 18 December to 14 January. In these classes, experienced coaches from the local exercise clubs will train our school members after school. They will also help our school members to make practical exercise plans. (　　)What is the passage mainly about? A.The aim of the school activities. B.The different kinds of school classes. C.The introduction about the “Exercise Month”. D.The school members’Youth Sports Club. 分析　本题为主旨大意题。仔细阅读文章后可知,本文第一句“A number of important school ac- tivities are coming up, and the biggest one is the ‘Exercise Month’.”为本文的主题句,点明了“运 动月”,下文则是具体介绍了学校运动月的目的和项目。故答案为C。 方法10　主题句在文末 主题句出现在文末。文章先阐述细节,然后归纳要点、得出结论、概括主题,即归纳写作法。此类 文章主题句往往位于末段。 例　 In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts(主人) and the worst guests in the world. They’re not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is much different than in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western hosts sometimes look rude (粗鲁的) in the eyes of Chinese guests. In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest. My wife’s mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North America homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke?” But, don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude guest. Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your home, don’t be too surprised if they don’t bring you a gift. In China, you probably won’t need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected. (　　)What is the main idea of this passage? A.Foreigners should learn from Chinese. B.Hosts must do things in the guest’s way. C.Western hosts are always nice to guests. D.People should understand cultural differences. 分析　本题为主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文,在文末点明了文章的主旨。“In China, you probably won’t need to change the guest-host relationship very much...try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected.”在此作者总结了中国和西方国家的待客与做 客礼仪上的差异,作者没有评判孰是孰非。故本题答案为D。 方法11　主题句首尾呼应 在有些文章中,为了突出主题,文章开头就会提出主题。接着进行阐述或论证,在结尾时再次点明 并进一步深化主题。 例　 “Volunteering makes you look at the world differently. You see how little things can change a person’s life for the better, which makes everyone a better person,” Mason, a volunteer said. National Volunteer Week started in 1974 and is held every April. It is a time to thank volunteers for their achievements. It is also a perfect opportunity(机会) to encourage others to take their first step toward becoming a volunteer. Making the decision to take the first step can be the biggest problem, because they often wonder if they will be able to meet the organization’s expectations(期望). Some people fear not knowing anyone else in the group. Not having enough time also prevents some from sharing their abilities. The following tips can help if you have some of these worries: ★ Start out slowly, don’t add too much pressure. Even a few hours a month can make a big difference in someone’s life. ★ Choose an organization with the same interests and common values. ★ Take part in a training meeting for new volunteers, even if it is not asked. ★ Work with a veteran volunteer. He volunteered a lot; he can help you increase the confidence and completely understand the organization’s expectations. ★ Invite a friend or family member to serve. It is a good experience to volunteer with them. ★ Finally, it is most important to enjoy the volunteer experience and to remember that not all volunteer experiences are perfect. If one experience doesn’t work, don’t give up and you’ll surely find the right opportunity. Spend some time on volunteer work and you will see great changes in people’s lives. As Mason discovered during his volunteer experience,“...little things can change a person’s life.” (　　)What is the main idea of the passage? A.To tell people to make changes in their lives. B.To encourage people to start their volunteering. C.How to make great achievements in volunteering. D.How to keep on volunteering whatever happened. 分析　本题为主旨大意题。作者开头借梅森的话点明志愿服务的好处,第二段介绍了人们难以开 始做志愿的原因,接着提出了六条建议,并在最后再次借梅森的话点明志愿服务的好处。因此本文 的主旨大意是鼓励人们参与志愿活动。故答案为B。 方法12　归纳各段落大意 有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中 所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意,或者对各段意进行归纳,在段落大意的基础上再 进一步加工概括出主旨大意。 例　 Let me tell you about a young boy who made a model car all on his own. The boy is me, six years ago when I was just 11. The car was small and simple, but in my imagination it was a high-speed racing car, speeding along the race road. It was during the school summer holidays and workmen were building a new driveway and garage(车 库) beside our house. It meant to add something new to our home. When I watched the workman, I came up with an idea—I would build a car to drive into the garage in celebration of it. I told my mother and began with my plans. But I couldn’t find the right things for making the car, so I gave up and sadly spent several days doing nothing. My mother noticed that I had stopped working and asked me why. I explained and she suggested that maybe I should change my plan to fit the things I had, rather than give up. And that’s just what I did. I found small pieces of wood in my father’s workshop and made my car from anything that was lying around the house. When I found a small engine(发动机) from one of my old model planes, I added that. The power came from a battery(电池) I found in a box. By the time the garage was finished, so was my car. I called my family together outside the house, started the engine and put the car on the driveway. It was fast, and I had to run to the garage to prevent it from hitting the new door. My family began to cheer and I smiled proudly. Thanks to my mother I learned the value of continuing to do things, especially something difficult. Soon I was making plans for my next project: a robot! (　　)What did the writer mainly tell us? A.Keep on doing things to the end. B.Think hard before doing something. C.Always ask for help when in trouble. D.Try the best to find the right things to do. 分析　本题为主旨大意题。本文没有明显的主题句,需要根据各段内容整理文章线索。文章为 “总—分”结构,第一段总体叙说,剩余各段中的线索是I came up with an idea to build a car→I couldn’t find the right things and gave up→My mother suggested changing my plan→I kept working on it→I succeeded。再结合本文倒数第二句“Thanks to my mother I learned the value of continuing to do things, especially something difficult.”可知答案为A。 微技能5　推断生词词义 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧,词义猜测题也是河北省中考常考的题型。此类题目所设置词多 为生难词汇。考生做此类试题时,需要重点掌握以下三种方法: 方法13　语境猜词法 生词不是孤立的、封闭的,它出现于其中的句子、段落会提供很多暗示和线索。我们可以根据生 词与上下文之间的关系推测其含义。 例　Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future. (　　)What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean? A.Bad.　　 　　B.Personal. C.Dangerous.　　　　D.Interesting. 分析　本题为词义猜测题。由画线词后的“We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful.”可知, 画线词和“helpful”意思相反。故答案为A。 方法14　单词释义法 在画线单词后可能会有“that means.../that is to say...”等或破折号引导的对其进行解释说明的句 子或定语从句,这时只要把这句话理解到位,就能顺利猜出画线词的词义。 例　Work with a veteran volunteer. He volunteered a lot, he can help you increase the confidence and completely understand the organization’s expectations. (　　)The underlined word “veteran” in the passage means “　　    ”. A.polite　　　　B.humorous C.young　　　　D.experienced 分析　本题为词义猜测题。本文画线单词后面虽然没有“that means.../that is to say...”或破折号 等提示信息,但根据上下文可知,“He volunteered a lot”就是对“a veteran volunteer”进行解释说 明的句子。可知此处是说和有经验的志愿者一起工作。故本题选择D。 方法15　逻辑关系猜词法 在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,会使用同义词或近义词。在这 种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词或近义词的关系,由熟悉的词语来推测不熟悉词语的含义。另 外,当作者强调事物之间有区别或对立时往往会运用对比的手法,即会用到对比的词语,例如反义 词,我们可以根据单词之间的逻辑关系猜测出生词的含义。 例　How to build good family relationships needs a lot of efforts. Firstly, everyone in the family needs to get along well with each other and shouldn’t have conflicts. Secondly, family members should share thoughts and feelings while eating meals, traveling or working together. Thirdly, we should talk with each other about our worries and then solve them together because family members can encourage one another to set goals and achieve dreams. Finally, we are supposed to spend time listening to family members. Listening shows we care about them as much as they care about us. (　　)What does the underlined word “conflicts” mean? A.Discussions. B.Fights. C.Happiness. D.Kindness. 分析　本题为词义猜测题。画线词所在句子中的“and”连接两个并列成分,且“needs to”与 “shouldn’t”意思相反,因此“have conflicts”与“get along well with”也应意思相反,故推测答 案为B。 Passage 1 Progress means the act of going forward. Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life. By setting and actively working towards our goals, we can make progress in our life. To make more progress in life, start looking at problems in a different way. Whatever happens, if we think positively, it can be useful and helpful. We need to know that problems are part of our life. After we solve problems one after another, we can make more progress and become stronger. Having confidence(信心) is helpful for us to make progress. Confidence comes from different places, such as proper education, training or having good relationships. We should also stay with people who believe in our success and actively support us. These people can help push us towards progress. 题型特训 Slow progress is still progress. Just as the old saying goes, “It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.” Progress usually comes a lot more slowly than we expect. Even if progress is slow, try not to be worried. One important thing is that we keep taking steps towards our goals, and another is that we clearly remember what our goals are all the time. The actual speed isn’t important. The road to progress is not always smooth. Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way. Sometimes, maybe it feels like we’re taking one step forward and three steps back, but it won’t always be like that. Keep going towards our goals and we can much more easily make the progress we want. Progress doesn’t always happen in a straight line. As long as we keep working, we will achieve higher levels. 1.What does progress make us do? A.Set lifelong goals.　　　 　 B.Go forward easily. C.Live healthily and happily.　　　 　D.Think about new things. 2.What does Paragraph 3 tell us? A.We should support different people. B.Some people can push us to failure. C.Confidence helps us make progress. D.Different schools expect the same progress. 3.What does the writer say about slow progress? A.It often goes smoothly.　　　　 B.It still means progress. C.It sometimes stops progress.　　　　 D.It always gives us a clear mind. 4.Which word is close to the underlined word “setbacks”? A.Prizes.　　　B.Advantages.　　　C.Excuses.　　　D.Difficulties. 5.Which can be a proper title for the text? A.Ideas about Making Progress　　　 　B.Keys to Speeding up Progress C.Meanings of Having Confidence　　　　D.Suggestions on Relationships 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文中主要谈论了作者对进步的一些看法以及如何取得进步的方 法。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中“生活与学习”这一主题群,涉及子主题“自我认识,自我 管理,自我提升”。 1.C　细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life.”可知,取得进步会使我们健康且幸福地生活。故选C。 2.C　主旨大意题。本段为“总—分”结构。第一句是本段的主题句,即本段主要告诉我们“拥 有信心帮助我们取得进步”。故选C。 3.B　细节理解题。由第四段第一句“Slow progress is still progress.”可知,作者认为缓慢的进步 仍然是一种进步。故选B。 4.D　词义猜测题。由目标词汇定位至本文第五段,由前两句“The road to progress is not always smooth. Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way.”并分析句意可知,画线词与 “smooth”的意思相对,指前进道路上的障碍、困难等。故选D。 5.A　标题归纳题。本文主要谈论了作者对进步的一些看法。Ideas about Making Progress符合此 意,能概括本文的主要内容。故选A。 Passage 2 Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure(失败). This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser. We must not be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb(灯 泡). When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times. Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future. We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. Some win, while some lose. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations(祝贺) to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure. In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples to us, and most importantly, they finally win. 6.What can we learn from every failure according to the text? A.A way of life.　　　　B.A valuable thing. C.A general rule.　　　　D.A secret of success. 7.In the writer’s eyes, why did Edison achieve success? A.He got help from others.　　　 　B.He happened to make it. C.He avoided possible mistakes.　　　　D.He saw the bright side of losing. 8.What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean? A.Bad.　　　　B.Personal. C.Dangerous.　　　　D.Interesting. 9.What does the writer advise the losers to do in a competition? A.Express the regrets.　　　　 B.Forget the failure. C.Share in the winners’ enjoyment.　　　 D.Join in another competition. 10.What is the best title for the text? A.Ideas about How to Avoid Mistakes　　　　B.Experience in Dealing with Problem C.Advice on How to Be a Good Loser　　　　D.Advantages of both Success and Failure 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。作者谈论了对失败的看法:失败是生活的一部分,我们要看到失败 积极的一面,从失败中学习并总结经验,争取下次成功。主题语境属于“人与自我”主题范畴中 “生活与学习”这一主题群,涉及子主题“身心健康,抗挫能力,珍爱生命的意识”。 6.B　细节理解题。由第一段第三句“However, we can learn something valuable from every failure.”可知,我们可以从失败中学习有价值的东西。故答案为B。 7.D　细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句中“he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work”可知,在作者眼中,爱迪生取得成功是因为他看到了失败 中积极的一面。故答案为D。 8.A　词义猜测题。由画线词后两句“We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful.”可知,画线词和“helpful”的意思相反。故答案为A。 9.C　细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“If we offer our congratulations to the winners and share in their happiness,we won’t feel sorry for our failure.”可知,作者建议失败者去分享获胜者的快乐。 故答案为C。 10.C　标题归纳题。本文作者谈论了对失败的看法,并告诉读者要看到失败中积极的一面,从失败 中学习,总结经验,争取下次成功。Advice on How to Be a Good Loser符合文章主要内容,故答案为C。 Passage 3 　　Each of us has dreams and goals for our future. What makes us study and make progress each day is closely connected with our personal dream and goal. But why do you have dreams and goals and you still end up with nothing? What separates successful people from the dreamers is their persistent(锲而不舍的) action. When you learn your lessons in school, you must work hard and not give up. You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying, and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with. If we have a hard lesson today, let us try our best to learn it well and then we shall be prepared for a harder one tomorrow. This is the famous formula(公式) for success: Dream > Believe> Achieve Most people have what they want (Dream) and think they can realize their dreams (Believe). And then they do nothing. They just imagine their dreams can come true. When they get tired of waiting and lose a lot, they get bored. They say angrily how terrible their life is. I personally believe that if you really want to achieve your dreams and goals in life, you have to add one thing to your success formula: Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve For me, act is the most important thing for success, and that’s to Take Persistent Action (Act). If you say “I can’t do it” and give up, you can never do anything valuable. However, “I’ll try” creates wonders. Let’s remember that there will be obstacles in our life. We must face them bravely and solve them. Success is not something that falls down from the sky. Most successful people made their dreams come true because of their persistent action. Please remember: Action is the bridge that connects our dreams and goals to reality. 11.What should you do when you find your lessons very hard? A.Ask people for help.　　　 B.Try and keep trying. C.Get ready to create wonders.　　　　 D.Prepare for a harder one. 12.Which does the writer add to the famous formula? A.Act.　　　 B.Achieve. 　　　 C.Connect.　　　 D.Create. 13.What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? A.Dangers.　　　B.Imaginations.　　　 C.Wonders.　　　 D.Difficulties. 14.Why does the writer use the formula “Dream > Believe > Act > Achieve”? A.To support his idea.　　　　 B.To ask readers to explain it. C.To show what his goals are.　　　　 D.To compare it with a bridge. 15.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.Doing Something Valuable　　　　 B.Studying Hard and Making Progress C.Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action　　　　 D.Separating Successful People from Dreamers 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了作者对梦想的看法,并指出锲而不舍的行动是实现梦 想的保证。主题语境属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“做人与做事”这一主题群,涉及子主题“自 我认识,自我管理,自我提升”。 11.B　细节理解题。由第二段第四句和第五句“You will often find some of your lessons very hard. Try and keep trying,and you’ll be sure to successfully deal with any difficulty you meet with.” 可知,当你发现你的功课很难的时候,努力再努力,你就会克服你遇到的任何困难。故答案为B。 12.A　细节理解题。由文章内容可知,著名的成功公式为:Dream>Believe>Achieve;作者添加后的 成功公式为:Dream>Believe>Act>Achieve。由此可知,作者添加了“Act”。故答案为A。 13.D　词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句的下一句“We must face them bravely and solve them.” 可知这里的“them”指代画线单词。由该句句意可推测,画线单词的词义与“困难”相近。故答 案为D。 14.A　推理判断题。作者在文中的主要观点是:锲而不舍的行动是实现梦想的保证。故作者使用 加上“Act”的公式,是为了支持他的观点。故答案为A。 15.C　标题归纳题。Doing Something Valuable 做有价值的事;Studying Hard and Making Progress 努力学习,不断进步;Realizing Dreams with Persistent Action 用坚持不懈的行动实现梦想;Separating Successful People from Dreamers区分成功人士和梦想家。本文阐述了作者对梦想的看法,并指 出锲而不舍的行动是实现梦想的保证。故答案为C。 Passage 4 Everyone needs help sometimes. People depend on one another. That’s why communities have special people ready to lend a helping hand to anyone who needs it. For example, what would we do without a community fire station? If a home catches fire, as the Jackson place did last week, it might be burned down and people get hurt...or worse. We’re so lucky to have firemen to come to save people and put out the fire, safely. If the fire station hadn’t come so fast, the Jacksons might have lost everything. And what about our local police who protect our families, our homes and valuable things? The police have helped so many families this past year, especially saving people and pets and protecting our houses and other things after the heavy rains. Think about all the other service workers we have in this community. We have people who collect waste and rubbish and keep our community sanitary. We have road workers who put up and repair traffic signs and fix holes in the streets to protect not just us, but our cars! And where would this community be without the teachers in our school and the doctors and nurses in our community hospitals? Think again about what we eat every day, think again about what we wear every day. We cannot produce them, but we use them all the time. We get a lot from all these tireless workers who keep our community running. We need these people in the community. We depend on each other. Let’s support each other and help each other. Only in this way can we make our community a better place. 16.What happened to the Jacksons last week? A.Their pets were lost. B.Their car was badly burnt. C.Their house caught fire. D.Their valuable things were stolen. 17.Who offered help to families after the heavy rains? A.Firemen.　　　 　B.Doctors. C.Road workers.　　　　D.Local police. 18.What does the underlined word “sanitary” mean? A.Clean.　　　B.Safe.　　　C.Quiet.　　　D.Busy. 19.Which question could best help us find out the writer’s purpose? A.Did the writer make us laugh? B.Did the writer want us to do something? C.Did the writer tell us about how to become a teacher? D.Did the writer teach us what to do when a fire breaks out? 20.What is the best title for the passage? A.Policemen Save People’s Lives B.People Depend on Each Other C.Service Workers Do Important Jobs D.Workers Keep Community Running 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文,介绍了社会中一些时刻准备着向需要的人提供无私帮助的特别的 人群,并号召人们互相帮助。主题语境属于“人与社会”主题范畴中“社会服务与人际沟通”这 一主题群,涉及子主题“志愿服务与公共服务”。 16.C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“If a home catches fire, as the Jackson place did last week, it might be burned down and people get hurt”可知,杰克逊家的房子着火了,由此可知,本题选择C项。 17.D　细节理解题。由第三段中的“The police have helped so many families...after the heavy rains.”可知,当地警方在大雨之后帮助了许多家庭,由此可知本题选择D项。 18.A　词义猜测题。“keep our community sanitary”与“collect waste and rubbish”并列,可推测 出“keep our community sanitary”的意思是“使我们的社区保持卫生”,故答案为A项。 19.B　写作目的题。作者在本文最后一段倒数第二句提出“Let’s support each other and help each other.”,由此可知,作者呼吁大家互帮互助,B项最能体现作者的写作意图。 20.B　标题归纳题。本文为“总—分—总”结构,由第一段的第二句话“People depend on one another.”以及最后一段中的“We depend on each other.”可知本文的最佳标题为B项。 Passage 5 What are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examination?Right. A pen. Though it is small, the pen has changed the history, improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than all other tools. Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheel, the introduction of the steam engine(蒸汽机), the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions of people, but the pen has done more. It has taken away mountains, and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society. In the past the pen did all the work if you wanted to keep any writing for some time. The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when papyrus(纸莎草纸)was first used. The most famous letters in the world were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts. The pen is very utilitarian. We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their examinations with it as well. Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen. Before we have been at school, our name is written on the name list with a pen. We cannot be married till we have signed. A pen records the important events in our life. Let’s remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns. The pen is magic tool. Whenever you use it, enjoy it. 21.What is the writer trying to do in this passage? A.Describe what a pen looks like. B.Introduce the history of the pen. C.Advise people to prepare a new pen. D.Show the importance of the pen. 22.The word “mountains” in the third paragraph refers to(指代) “something to 　　    ”. A.explain the use of electricity B.lower the students’scores C.stop the social development D.change the law of the country 23.The lawyers started to write the law of the country 　　    . A.before their thoughts were changed B.when papyrus was first used C.as soon as they recorded their names D.after they took an important exam 24.The underlined word “utilitarian” in the passage means “　　    ”. A.cheap　　　　B.boring C.special　　　　D.useful 25.What is the best title for this passage? A.A Powerful Tool　　 　　B.An Important Law C.A Valuable Record　　　　D.An Exciting Event 语篇解读　本文为说明文。文章讲述了笔这个工具在社会发展历程以及在当今日常生活中所发 挥的重要作用。主题语境属于“人与社会”主题范畴中“科学与技术”这一主题群,涉及子主题 “科学技术与工程,人类发明与创新”。 21.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章的每一段都在描述笔作为一个工具在人类进步和社会生 活中的重要作用。故本题选择 D。 22.C　推理判断题。由原文第三段最后一句话中的“and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society”可推测出“mountains”与“progress and development”意思相反,是指“阻碍社会发展的东西”。故本题选择C。 23.B　细节理解题。由原文第四段中的“The lawyers took up their pens...was first used.”可知,在 纸莎草纸最初被使用的时代,律师们就已经开始用他们的笔来撰写国家的法律了。故本题选 择B。 24.D　词义猜测题。画线词后面所举的例子是关于笔的作用的,由此可猜测出画线词的意思为 “有用的”,故本题选择 D。 25.A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了笔在人类进步和社会生活中的重要作用。结合原文最后一 段中“Let’s remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns. The pen is a magic tool.”可知本题选择A。 谢谢观看 $