专题十　被动语态 课件-2026年河北中考英语二轮复习

河北专用 中考英语 专题十　被动语态 必备知识　动词的语态 一、动词的语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和 被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是 动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 例　He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态) 二、被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为助动词be加动词的过去分词,即“be+done”。在不同的时态中,助动词be有不 同的形式。 三、常用被动语态的情况 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 例　This watch is made in China. 这块手表是中国制造的。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 例　Many trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种许多树。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。 例　Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用) 4.动作的发出者是物。 例　Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走了。 四、主动语态和被动语态的转换 1.主动语态变为被动语态 (1)要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格形式变成 主格形式。 (2)要将主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,若主动句中的主语是人称代词,要将主格形式变成 宾格形式,并由by引出。 (3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。     即Sam planted the tree last year.(变为被动语态)→The tree was planted by Sam last year. 2.“主语+谓语+双宾语(sb. sth.)”结构变为被动形式 谓语动词后接双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接 宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接 宾语前加上介词to或for。 间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring、give、send、show、pass、take、lend、post、teach、write、 throw、hand等。 间接宾语前带for的动词有:buy、cook、find、get、make、save等。 例　She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)→ I was given a book by her.(将间接宾语改为主语） A book was given to me by her.(将直接宾语改为主语) 3.动词短语变为被动形式 许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是动词 短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 例　We should take good care of the children.→ The children should be taken good care of.(of不可省略) 4.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构变为被动形式 宾语加上宾语补足语构成复合宾语。变为被动形式时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保 留在原处,成为主语补足语。 例　I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态) → Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 5.主动语态中后加省略to的不定式的“四看(look at、watch、see、notice)三让(let、 make、have) 二听(listen to、 hear)一感觉(feel)”,变为被动形式时,应加上不定式符号to。 例　He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl is made to stay at home by him. 五、主动形式表示被动意义 1.open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主 语为物时,可用主动形式表示被动意义。 例　This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of shirt sells well here.这种衬衫在这里卖得很好。 2.look、sound、taste、smell、feel等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 例　School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。 Dinner smells good.饭菜闻起来很香。 3.be worth doing中doing表示被动意义。 例　This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。 4.want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require + to be done。 to be done表示不定式的被动结 构。 例　My bike needs washing.=My bike needs to be washed.我的自行车需要清洗了。 考点1　一般现在时的被动语态 一阶理解 一般现在时的被动语态的构成是:am/is/are+done 二阶运用 1.画出被动语态的结构及时态提示词The classroom is cleaned every day. 2.将下列句子和对应的内容用箭头进行匹配The book is read by me every day. 动作发出者　被动语态结构　动作承受者 三阶中考 3.连词成句 is,South China,grown,rice,in      . 答案 1.The classroom is cleaned every day. 2.  3.Rice is grown in South China 一阶理解 一般过去时的被动语态的构成是:was/were+done 二阶 运用 1.画出被动语态的结构及时态提示词This bridge was built ten years ago. 2.将下列句子和对应的内容用箭头进行匹配 I was invited to her dinner party by Rose yesterday. 动作发出者　被动语态结构　动作承受者 三阶 中考 3.连词成句 was,glass,yesterday, broken,the      . 考点2　一般过去时的被动语态 答案 1.This bridge was built ten years ago. 2.  3.The glass was broken yesterday 一阶 理解 一般将来时的被动语态的构成是:will be+done; am/is/are going to be+done 二阶 运用 1.画出被动语态的结构及时态提示词 A new school will be built next year. 2.将下列句子和对应的内容用箭头进行匹配 The homework will be finished by me in ten minutes. 动作发出者　被动语态结构　动作承受者 考点3　一般将来时的被动语态 答案 1.A new school will be built next year. 2.  知识拓展　主动语态中含有情态动词时,其被动语态结构为:主语+情态动词+be+done。如: I can find him.(变为被动语态)→He can be found by me. She will sell the house soon.(变为被动语态)→The house will be sold soon. Tom need train this dog.(变为被动语态)→This dog need be trained by Tom. 被动语态与完形填空 　　 例1　His homework 　　    in time last night. A.finishes　　　　B.finished C.is finished　　　　D.was finished (选项中有be+done的结构,初步判断是被动语态。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语“His home- work”是谓语动词 finish的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语 last night可知句子 时态用一般过去时;一般过去时的被动语态构成为was/were+动词的过去分词;主语“His home- work”是第三人称单数,所以用was,故选D。) 例2　A lot of trees 　　    in our city in spring every year. A.are planted　　　　B.were planted C.plant　　　　 D.planted (选项中有be+done的结构,初步判断是考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语“trees”和 谓语动词plant之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;再结合时间状语“every year”可知,时态为一般现 在时,故选A。) 考点1　一般现在时的被动语态 1.Breakfast 　　    every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village. A.provides　　　 　B.provided C.is provided　　　　D.was provided 1.C　句子的主语“Breakfast”是谓语动词provide的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时 间状语“every day”可知句子时态用一般现在时;一般现在时的被动语态构成为am/is/are+动词的 过去分词;主语是第三人称单数,所以用is,故答案为C。 2.—Mmm... Delicious. What is it? —It 　　    zongzi, Tony. It’s a traditional food in China. A.cal ls　 　　　B.is called C.called　　　 　D.was called 2.B　句子的主语“It”是动词call的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由后句“It’s a tradi- tional food in China.”可知句子时态用一般现在时,故答案为B。 3.Train tickets 　　    online. It is convenient. A.sold　　　　 B.were sold C.are sold　　　　D.have sold 3.C    主语“Train tickets”与动词sell为被动关系,由此可知应用被动语态,故排除A、D选项。根 据第二句时态(一般现在时)可推知第一句介绍的是现在的情况,需用一般现在时,故答案为C。 4.These cakes　　     with chocolate. Have one, please. A.fill　　 　　B.filled　　     C.are filled　　　　D.were filled 4.C　主语“These cakes”与动词fill之间为被动关系,由此可知本空应用被动语态;且本句陈述的 是现在的状态,需用一般现在时,故答案为C。 考点2　一般过去时的被动语态 These gifts 　　    by children in their last summer holidays. A.made　　　　B.were made　　     C.make　　　　D.are made B　设空处应填谓语动词,由后面的by可知此处应该用被动语态。由时间状语 “in their last sum- mer holidays”可知,句子时态用一般过去时;主语“These gifts”是复数,所以用were,故答案为B。 考点3　一般将来时的被动语态 1.To make the environment much better, more trees 　　    next year. A.plant 　　 　　B.will plant C.are planted　　　　 D.will be planted 1.D　主语“more trees”是谓语动词plant的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语 “next year”可知,句子时态用一般将来时。故答案为D。 2.Some photos of the moon 　　    in the Space Club next week. A.shows　　　　 B.is showing C.were shown　　　 D.will be shown 2.D　主语“Some photos”是谓语动词show的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状 语“next week”可知,句子时态用一般将来时。故答案为D。 3.Many research labs 　　    in the future to develop science and technology in China. A.are building　　　　B.will be built C.were built　　　 　D.will build 3.B　主语“labs”是谓语动词build的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“in the future”可知句子时态用一般将来时。故答案为B。 4.The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never 　　    by us. A.is forgotten　　　 　B.forget C.be forgotten 　　　 D.forgot 4.C　主语“it”是谓语动词forget的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由句意可知,句子时态 为一般将来时;前面已经有“will”,空处应填be forgotten。故答案为C。 5.No matter how many difficulties we meet, we believe all problems will be     　    (solve). 5.solved　主语“all problems”是谓语动词solve的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由句意 可知,句子时态为一般将来时,空前有“will be”,故空处填solved。 单项选择 1.If you give up now, your early efforts 　　    . A.will waste　　　　B.have wasted C.are wasted　　　　D.will be wasted 1.D　考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语“your early efforts”是谓语动词waste的承受者, 构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;“If you give up now”为if引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在 时,主句则应用一般将来时。故选D。 2.The students 　　    to write thank-you letters next term. A.are taught　　 　　B.will taught C.have taught　　　　D.will be taught 2.D　考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语“The students”是谓语动词teach的承受者,构成 被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“next term”可知本句时态用一般将来时。故选D。 3.Many high-tech gyms 　　    in Qatar in 2022. A.were built　　　 　 B.will be built C.are building　　　　D.are built 3.A　考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子的主语“high-tech gyms”是谓语动词build的承受者,构 成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“in 2022”可知句子时态用一般过去时。故选A。 4.I’m sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking 　　    very soon. A.make　　　 　B.are made C.will make　　　　D.will be made 4.D　考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语“stricter rules”是谓语动词make的承受者,构成 被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“very soon”可知句子时态用一般将来时。故选D。 5.To provide children with better education, more schools 　　    in our city. A.will build　　　　B.are built C.have built　　　　D.will be built 5.D　考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语“more schools”是谓语动词build的承受者,构成 被动关系,所以用被动语态;由主语“more schools”可知,已经建了很多学校,更多的学校将要被建 立,应该用一般将来时。故选D。 6.—Zhong Nanshan 　　    by many people in China. —So he is. He is a hero in our minds. A.knows　　　　B.knew C.is known　　　　D.will be known 6.C　考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子的主语“Zhong Nanshan”是谓语动词know的承受者,构 成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由“So he is.”可知,句子用一般现在时。故选C。 7.The letter 　　    in French. I can’t read it. A.write　　　　 B.will write C.is written　　　　D.will be written 7.C　考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子的主语“The letter”是谓语动词write的承受者,构成被 动关系,所以用被动语态;由“I can’t read it.”可知句子时态用一般现在时。故选C。 8.—Let’s go to school together. —Sorry, I can’t. I 　　    to wait here. A.was told　　　　B.tell C.am told　　　　 D.told 8.A　考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“Sorry,I can’t.”可知,“我”不能离开的原因是“我”被 告知要在这儿等,应用被动语态;分析语境,被告诉的动作发生在对话前,应用一般过去时。故 选A。 9.Train and plane tickets 　　    online. It’s convenient. A.sell　　　 　 B.sold C.have sold　　　　D.are sold 9.D　考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子的主语“Train and plane tickets”是谓语动词sell的承受 者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;本句陈述的是一般事实,所以应用一般现在时。故选D。 10.Tom 　　    to be honest all the time. So he never tells lies. A.teaches　　　 　B.is taught C.will teach　　　　D.will be taught 10.B　考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子的主语“Tom”是谓语动词teach的承受者,构成被动关 系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“all the time”可知句子时态用一般现在时。故选B。 11.The wild horse ran so fast. At last it 　　    by a brave man. A.controls　　　 　B.is controlled C.controlled　　　 D.was controlled 11.D　考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子的主语“it”是谓语动词control的承受者,构成被动关 系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“At last”可知句子时态用一般过去时。故选D。 12.Before paper 　　    , people wrote or drew on bamboo, silk or wood. A.invented　　　　B.was invented C.was inventing　　　　D.is invented 12.B    考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子的主语“paper”是谓语动词invent的承受者,构成被动 关系,所以用被动语态;由主句谓语动词 “wrote or drew”可知本句时态用一般过去时;主语paper 是不可数名词,所以用was,故答案为B。 13.In a few months’ time, the mountain 　　    green trees. A.is covered with B.will be covered with C.was covered with D.will cover with 13.B　考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子主语“the mountain”是谓语动词cover的承受者,构成 被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“In a few months’ time”可知句子时态用一般将来时。故 选B。 14.Now teenagers 　　    to do voluntary work for their local commodities. A.are encouraged B.were encouraged C.have encouraged D.are encouraging 14.A　考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子主语“teenagers”与谓语动词之间是被动关系,应用被 动语态;陈述事实用一般现在时,故选A。 15.Riding bikes 　　    as a good way to exercise. It is good for health. A.considers　　　 　B.considered C.is considered　　　 D.was considered 15.C　考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子的主语“Riding bikes”是谓语动词consider的承受者, 构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由“It is good for health.”可知,本句用一般现在时;主语“Riding bikes”是动名词,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,所以用is,故答案为C。 16.My child, when you 　　    something difficult to do, keep on with it and finish it. A.give　　　 　 B.gave C.am giving　　　　 D.are given 16.D　考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“you”是动作的承受者,应用被动语态;句子结构为 “主祈从现”,主句为祈使句,when引导的从句要使用一般现在时。故选D。 17.Shijiazhuang is a greener city now because more and more trees 　　    every spring. A.planted　　　　B.are planted C.will be planted　　　　D.were planted 17.B　考查一般现在时的被动语态。从句的主语“more and more trees”是谓语动词plant的承受 者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“every spring”可知从句时态用一般现在时。故 选B。 18.Jenny is a responsible person, so she 　　    as the volunteer leader in our community a few days ago. A.chooses　　　　B.chose C.is chosen　　　 　D.was chosen 18.D　考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子主语“she”和谓语choose之间是被动关系,应用被动语 态;由时间状语“a few days ago”可知,句子使用一般过去时。故选D。 19.The costume party 　　    the day before yesterday and everyone had a great time there. A.held　　　　B.was held C.is held　　　 　D.had held 19.B　考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The costume party”与谓语hold之间是被动关系,应用 被动语态;根据“the day before yesterday”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故选B。 20.In Miss Lin’s class, many chances 　　    to students to learn from each other. A.offer　　　　B.offered C.are offering　　　 D.are offered 20.D　考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子的主语“many chances”是谓语动词offer的承受者,构 成被动关系,所以用被动语态;本句陈述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时。故选D。 21.My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful because many trees and flowers 　　    there every spring. A.plant　　　　B.are planted C.planted　　　　D.were planted 21.B　考查一般现在时的被动语态。从句的主语“many trees and flowers”是谓语动词plant的承 受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;由时间状语“every spring”可知从句时态用一般现在时。 故选B。 22.Mary 　　    to be the monitor by her classmates at that meeting. A.chooses　　　　B.chose C.is chosen　　　　D.was chosen 22.D　考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子的主语“Mary”是谓语动词choose的承受者,构成被动 关系,所以用被动语态;由“at that meeting”可知事情发生在过去,句子时态用一般过去时。故选D。 23.When everybody uses fewer lights at home, electricity 　　    . A.will be saved　　　　B.is saved C.was saved　　　　D.has been saved 23.A　考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语“electricity”是谓语动词save的承受者,构成被 动关系,所以用被动语态;分析句子结构可知,本句中“When”引导的时间状语从句用的是一般现 在时,依据“主将从现”原则,主句应该用一般将来时。故选A。 24.I 　　    to a boarding school. I spent six years of hard experience there. A.is sent　　　 　 B.was sent C.sent　　　　 D.will be sent 24.B　考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子的主语“I”是谓语动词send的承受者,构成被动关系, 所以用被动语态;由“I spent six years of hard experience there.”可知句子时态用一般过去时。故 选B。 25.—Jenny, do you know when the play Teahouse 　　    ? —In 1957, I think. A.wrote　　　 　B.was written C.is written　　　　D.will write 25.B　考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“the play Teahouse”是话剧,由此可知主语和谓语动词 write之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态;由答语“In 1957”可知,应用一般过去时。故选B。 26.Each of them 　　    three minutes to make a speech. A.was given 　　　 B.will give C.has given 　　　 D.is giving 26.A　考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“Each of them”是谓语动词give的承受者,构成被动关 系,所以用被动语态;根据句意可知,句子时态为一般过去时。故答案为A。 27.Look at the picture. The top ten Most-Improved students 　　    in it. A.will be listed　　　　B.list C.will list　　　　 D.are listed 27.D　考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“The top ten Most-Improved students”是谓语动词list 的承受者,构成被动关系,所以用被动语态;根据“Look at the picture.”可知,句子时态为一般现在 时。故答案为D。 28.Open your book at Page 7. The word “number” 　　    in the first line. A.saw　　　　 B.was seen C.will see　　　　 D.will be seen 28.D　考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语“The word ‘number’”是谓语动词see的承受者,构 成被动关系,所以用被动语态;根据句意可知,句子时态为一般将来时。故答案为D。 词语运用微语篇 I live in a very old town and it is 1.　      (circle) by beautiful woods. It’s a famous beauty spot (风景区). On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. All of the visitors are 2.　     (ask) to keep the woods clean and tidy. A lot of litter baskets are 3.　     (place) under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. The litter baskets were empty and the ground was 4.　     (cover) with pieces of paper, cigarette ends(烟头), empty bottles and plastic bags. Among the rubbish, I found a sign that said, “Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be 5.　     (punish).” 基础练 asked placed circled covered published 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了游客在景区乱丢垃圾的情况。主题语境属于 “人与自然”范畴中的“环境保护”主题群,涉及“环境污染及原因,环保意识和行为”子主题 内容。 1.circled　考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“it”是谓语动词circle的承受者,由此可知本空用被 动语态;由“live”可知,本空应用一般现在时态,一般现在时的被动语态构成为am/is/are+动词的过 去分词,空前已有“is”,故填circled。 2.asked　考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“the visitors”与动词ask为被动关系,由此可知应用 被动语态;由“On Sundays”可知,应该用一般现在时。空前有“are”,故填asked。 3.placed　考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子的主语“litter baskets”是动词place的承受者,构成 被动关系,应该用被动语态;由“throw”可知,句子时态用一般现在时。空前有“are”,故填placed。 4.covered　考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子的主语“the ground”是动词cover的承受者,构成 被动关系,应该用被动语态;由“Last Wednesday”可知,句子时态用一般过去时。空前有“was”, 故填covered。 5.punished　考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语“Anyone”是动词punish的承受者,构成被 动关系,应该用被动语态;警告性的标语,是规范以后的行为的,应用一般将来时。空前已有“will be”,故填punished。 谢谢观看 $