Unit 4 Adversity and courage 重点词汇词形精练-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and courage 一．重点词汇词形拓展 1.qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→___________ v. (使)具有资格；(使)合格→_________________ n. 资格；资历；资格证书 2．perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→____________ vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 3．assign vt. 分派；布置；分配→_____________ n. 任务；作业；分配 4．belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产→______________ vi. 属于；应在(某处) 5．selfish adj. 自私的→_____________ adv. 自私地→______________ n. 自私 6．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的→________________ adv. 热情地→______________ n. 热情；热忱 7．resolve vi.& vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n. 决心；坚定的信念→____________ n. 决议；解决；坚定；决心 8．cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→____________ adv. 残忍地；残酷地→____________n. 残忍；残酷 9．unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地→(反) _____________ adv. 幸运地→___________ n. 运气；财产 10．guidance n. 指导；引导；导航→___________ n. 导游；指南　vt. 带领；引导；为……领路 11．advertising n. 广告活动；广告业→____________ vt.& vi. 公布；宣传；做广告→_____________ n. 广告；宣传 12．loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→____________ n. 忠诚；忠实 13．commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献→___________ vt. 犯(错误、罪行等)　vi.& vt. (使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→_____________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的 14．endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→____________ v. 忍耐；忍受；持续；持久→_____________adj. 能忍耐的；可忍受的；能持久的 15．miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的→______________ adv. 贫困地；可悲地；糟糕地；非常不幸地→_____________ n. 痛苦，苦难；穷困，悲惨境遇 二．用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．He has educational _______________ and hence he is well ___________ for the job as a tutor. (qualify) 2．He ____________ me to the difficult _____________,__so I couldn't waste any time. (assign) 3．Today I am as ______________ about my job as the first day and my ____________ enables me to treat my job _________________. (enthusiastic) 4．He _____________ himself to working day and night. His _____________won him a great reputation. (commit) 5．Under the ______________ of the qualified ____________,_we traveled around the places of interest very happily. (guide) 6．He ______________ with his violin lessons. It was his _______________ that enabled him to become a distinguished violinist. (persevere) 7．Words alone cannot convey the untold misery ___________by people in those years. The hardship was beyond ______________. (endure) 8．While the other kids played, I stared _______________ out of the window. I just wanted to end the _____________of staying indoors. (miserable) 9．The farmer treated the cats ____________. He was accused of ___________ to animals. (cruel) 10．I'm writing to apply for the job ____________on your website. Now I send you my information according to your ______________. (advertise) 三．语境中填单词 1．Helen was chosen for the job because she was the perfect __________ (候选人)． 2．Jealousy was assigned as a _____________(动机) for the crime. 3．The majority of people around here are ______________(正派的) people. 4．When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her with _________ (羡慕)． 5．While we were in their home, we helped do a _____________ (彻底的) cleaning, sweeping the floor and tidying the house. 6．All of a sudden, she heard a ____________ (吠叫声) coming from around the corner. 7．There is a famous saying based on Chinese philosophy：“_____________ (味苦的) pills may have blessed effects.” 8．Snow forced many drivers to ______________ (放弃) their vehicles. 9．Learning that I failed in the exam, my heart _____________ (下沉)． 10．As far as I'm concerned, the new roommate is honest, _____________ (真诚的), enthusiastic and full of vigor. 11．It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd earn minimum _________ (工资). 12．Wrap up warmly—it's __________ (严寒的) outside. 13．Love Fone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than ______________ (舍弃) them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016. 14．We must find a way to ____________ (解决) these problems before it's too late. 15．The rest of the apartment had _____________ (幸运地) remained unaltered since that time. 16．Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the ____________ (指导) of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. 四．短语翻译 1．_____________ 拒绝(某人) 2．___________________ 使某人精神振作 3．_____________放出(热、光、气味或气体) 4．________________进行，伴奏，向前推进 5．____________________ 陷入 6．_________________ 由……组成 7．_____________ 等一等；坚持住；继续 8．________________ (使)振作；(使)高兴起来 9．___________________ 在某人的指导下 10．____________________ 在……顶端 11．___________________ 每况愈下 12．____________________生火 13. __________________梦想 选用上述单词的正确形式填空 1．The man decided to quit drinking when he realized his health was _____________________． 2．__________________ to your dreams. 3.William wanted to join the basketball team, but the coach _____________ him __________ for his being short. 4．The teacher's encouragement _________________,__and her face lit up with joy. 5．Though he _________________ the traffic jam, he was still in a good mood at the thought of the coming holiday. 6．He knew how to ______________,_and got food from gathering, hunting and fishing. 7．The opportunity was just too good to _________________. 8．The wood _____________ a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned. 9．I ________________ living on a tropical island. 答案： 一．重点词汇词形拓展 1.qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v. (使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n. 资格；资历；资格证书 2．perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 3．assign vt. 分派；布置；分配→assignment n. 任务；作业；分配 4．belongings n. [pl.]财物；动产→belong vi. 属于；应在(某处) 5．selfish adj. 自私的→selfishly adv. 自私地→selfishness n. 自私 6．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv. 热情地→enthusiasm n. 热情；热忱 7．resolve vi.& vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n. 决心；坚定的信念→resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定；决心 8．cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv. 残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n. 残忍；残酷 9．unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地→(反) fortunately adv. 幸运地→fortune n. 运气；财产 10．guidance n. 指导；引导；导航→guide n. 导游；指南　vt. 带领；引导；为……领路 11．advertising n. 广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi. 公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n. 广告；宣传 12．loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实 13．commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt. 犯(错误、罪行等)　vi.& vt. (使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的 14．endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→endure v. 忍耐；忍受；持续；持久→endurable adj. 能忍耐的；可忍受的；能持久的 15．miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的→miserably adv. 贫困地；可悲地；糟糕地；非常不幸地→misery n. 痛苦，苦难；穷困，悲惨境遇 二．用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．He has educational qualifications and hence he is well qualified for the job as a tutor. (qualify) 2．He assigned me to the difficult assignment,__so I couldn't waste any time. (assign) 3．Today I am as enthusiastic about my job as the first day and my enthusiasm enables me to treat my job enthusiastically. (enthusiastic) 4．He committed himself to working day and night. His commitment won him a great reputation. (commit) 5．Under the guidance of the qualified guide,_we traveled around the places of interest very happily. (guide) 6．He persevered with his violin lessons. It was his perseverance that enabled him to become a distinguished violinist. (persevere) 7．Words alone cannot convey the untold misery endured by people in those years. The hardship was beyond endurance. (endure) 8．While the other kids played, I stared miserably out of the window. I just wanted to end the misery of staying indoors. (miserable) 9．The farmer treated the cats cruelly. He was accused of cruelty to animals. (cruel) 10．I'm writing to apply for the job advertised on your website. Now I send you my information according to your advertisement. (advertise) 三．语境中填单词 1．Helen was chosen for the job because she was the perfect candidate (候选人)． 2．Jealousy was assigned as a motive (动机) for the crime. 3．The majority of people around here are decent (正派的) people. 4．When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her with envy (羡慕)． 5．While we were in their home, we helped do a thorough (彻底的) cleaning, sweeping the floor and tidying the house. 6．All of a sudden, she heard a bark (吠叫声) coming from around the corner. 7．There is a famous saying based on Chinese philosophy：“Bitter (味苦的) pills may have blessed effects.” 8．Snow forced many drivers to abandon (放弃) their vehicles. 9．Learning that I failed in the exam, my heart sank (下沉)． 10．As far as I'm concerned, the new roommate is honest, genuine (真诚的), enthusiastic and full of vigor. 11．It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd earn minimum wage (工资). 12．Wrap up warmly—it's bitter (严寒的) outside. 13．Love Fone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning (舍弃) them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016. 14．We must find a way to resolve (解决) these problems before it's too late. 15．The rest of the apartment had fortunately (幸运地) remained unaltered since that time. 16．Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance (指导) of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. 四．短语翻译 1．turn__sb__down 拒绝(某人) 2．keep__one's__spirits__up 使某人精神振作 3．give__off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 4．move__on__to 进行，伴奏，向前推进 5．become/be__stuck__in 陷入 6．consist__of 由……组成 7．hold__on 等一等；坚持住；继续 8．cheer__up (使)振作；(使)高兴起来 9．under__one's__guidance 在某人的指导下 10．on__the__top__of 在……顶端 11．from__bad__to__worse 每况愈下 12．make__fire 生火 13. 1．dream_of 梦想 选用上述单词的正确形式填空 1．The man decided to quit drinking when he realized his health was from__bad__to__worse． 2．Hold__on to your dreams. 3．William wanted to join the basketball team, but the coach turned him down for his being short. 4．The teacher's encouragement cheered__her__up/kept__her__spirits__up,__and her face lit up with joy. 5．Though he was__stuck__in the traffic jam, he was still in a good mood at the thought of the coming holiday. 6．He knew how to make_fire,_and got food from gathering, hunting and fishing. 7．The opportunity was just too good to turn_down. 8．The wood gave_off a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned. 9．I dream_of living on a tropical island. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $