Unit 1-3 单元现在完成时的全面解析与应用 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

课 题 8B U1-3 现在完成时的全面解析与应用 教学目标 1. 学生能准确理解、阐述现在完成时定义, 熟练掌握其have/has + 过去分词的构成并正确运用。 2. 精准记忆常见标志词并用于句子表达。 3. 牢记动词过去分词规则与重点不规则变化。(主要课后记忆) 4. 清晰分辨一般过去时与现在完成时差异。 重难点透视 1. have been to、have gone to、have been in的辨析及正确使用。 2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换及在现在完成时中的运用。 3. 复杂语境下一般过去时和现在完成时的准确区分与运用。 知识点剖析 序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况 1 现在完成时的全面解析 100 min 2 现在完成时的应用 50 min 教 学 内 容 ( 8 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 课前导入 Millie: I’ve just found out ①many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. He’s lived ②there since he finished college. Sandy: Really? What did he tell you? Millie: He said there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen, and the living conditions are much better. Sandy: That’s nice. Did he tell you anything else? Millie: Yes. Transport has also improved a lot. People can get around the city easily. Sandy: Wow! I hope one day I can visit Shenzhen. Have you been to Shenzhen before ③? Millie: I’ve only been there once④, but I’m planning to go there again this summer. You can join me! Sandy: Great idea! 原句①:I've just found out many things about Shenzhen. (过去动作对现在有影响,现在知道了关于深圳的很多事情) 原句②:He's lived there since he finished college. (动作从过去持续到现在,从大学毕业起就一直住在那里) 原句③:Have you been to Shenzhen before? (“have been to”结构,用于询问是否有过去某地的经历) 原句④:I've only been there once. (强调经历,曾去过一次该地) 综上,这就是我们今天要学的新时态-现在完成时,它用来表示过去发生的动作和现在有关系,要么对现在有影响,要么从过去一直持续到现在,还可以强调经历。 Grammar-现在完成时 (1) 定义:表示过去动作和现在的关联,可能是对现在有影响,可能持续至今,也可能是强调经历。 (2) 标志词:already,never,just,before,recently,for+时间段,since+时间点,in the past+时间段。 (3) 现在完成时构成:have/has + done (过去分词)。 (4) 过去分词的变化形式:(参照动词过去式变化) 规则变化: 1. 一般情况下,直接在动词原形后加 -ed。例如:work - worked,visit-visited,play-played。 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加 -d。例如:live - lived,dance-danced,like-liked。 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加 -ed。例如:study - studied,carry-carried,worry-worried。 4. 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 -ed。 例如:stop - stopped,plan-planned,shop-shopped。 不规则变化:需逐个记忆,如go - gone,do - done,have - had等。 【不规则动词原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词】 分类归纳: AAA 型(原形 = 过去式 = 过去分词) cost cost cost;cut cut cut;hit hit hit;hurt hurt hurt; let let let;put put put;read read read; set set set;shut shut shut;spread spread spread AAB 型(原形 = 过去式,无过去分词):can could 无 ABA 型(原形 = 过去分词,过去式不同) become became become;come came come;run ran run 常规ABB 型(过去式 = 过去分词,原形不同) bring brought brought;build built built;buy bought bought;catch caught caught; dig dug dug;feed fed fed;feel felt felt;fight fought fought;find found found; have had had;hear heard heard;hold held held;keep kept kept;lay laid laid; lead led led;leave left left;lend lent lent;lose lost lost;make made made; mean meant meant;meet met met;pay paid paid;sell sold sold;send sent sent; shoot shot shot;sit sat sat;sleep slept slept;smell smelt smelt;spend spent spent; stand stood stood;teach taught taught;tell told told;think thought thought; understand understood understood;win won won 过去式 / 过去分词双形式 ABB burn burnt/burned burnt/burned;get got got/gotten;hang hung/hanged hung/hanged; shine shone/shined shone/shined ABC 型(原形、过去式、过去分词均不同) am/is was been;are were been;begin began begun;blow blew blown; break broke broken;choose chose chosen;do did done;draw drew drawn; drink drank drunk;drive drove driven;eat ate eaten;fall fell fallen; fly flew flown;forget forgot forgotten;freeze froze frozen;give gave given; go went gone;grow grew grown;hide hid hidden;know knew known; lie lay lain;mistake mistook mistaken;ride rode ridden;ring rang rung; rise rose risen;shake shook shaken;show showed shown;sing sang sung; sink sank sunk;speak spoke spoken;swim swam swum;take took taken; throw threw thrown;wake woke woken;wear wore worn;write wrote written; tread trod trodden踩踏 (5) 句子结构: (这里的“S”代表主语,“done”代表过去分词。) 1. 肯定句:S + have/has + done + 其他。 2. 否定句:S + haven't/hasn't + done + 其他。 3. 一般疑问句:Have/Has + S + done + 其他? 肯定回答:Yes, S + have/has. 否定回答:No, S + haven't/hasn't. 4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + have/has + S + done + 其他? (6) 现在完成时的具体用法: 1、2、3为基础用法; 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,着眼于现在。常与just(用于肯定句)、yet(用于否定句和 疑问句)连用,谓语用非延续性动词 ①。 例如:He has just arrived.(他刚到,现在在这里) I haven't seen him yet.(到现在还没见到他) 2. 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始延续至今,并可能持续下去。常与these days、since then 自那时起、so far 迄今为止、up till/to now到现在为止、for/since + 时间短语,如for a long time, since last year、in /over/during the last few years(最近几年来)等表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间状语连用,可以用how long提问,谓语 用延续性动词。 例如:She has studied English for five years.(从过去开始学英语,持续到现在五年了) How long have you lived here?(问住在这里持续的时间) 3. 表示直到现在为止的生活经历,常与never、ever(用于否定句和疑问句)、(only)once、twice、three times 等连用,可以用“How many times...?”提问,谓语用延续性动词。 例如:He has never been late for school.(他上学从未迟到过) How many times have you ever been to France?(你曾经去过法国多少次?) I have been there only once.(我只去过那里一次) 【补充说明】: ①非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不能用表示一段时间的词、短语或句子作状语,但在否定句中可以。肯定句中 若有表示时间段的状语,非延续性动词需换成延续性动词; 4. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in的用法。 have been to 表示去过某地,现在已经回来了,强调经历,后面可接次数。 have gone to 表示去了某地,还没回来,可能在去的途中或已经在那里了。 have been in 表示在某地待了一段时间,常与时间段连用。 例如:I have been to Paris three times. 我去过巴黎三次。 He has gone to the library.他去图书馆了。 She has been in China for two years. 她在中国待了两年了。 5. 现在完成时中延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换: (1) 概念: 1 延续性动词:表示的动作可以持续一段时间,如live(居住)、study(学习)、work(工作)等。这类动词 能和表示一段时间的状语连用,如for + 时间段、since + 时间点,等等。 2 非延续性动词:也叫瞬间动词,表示的动作瞬间完成,常见的有buy(买)、arrive(到达)、borrow(借)、 leave(离开)等。它们一般不能和表示一段时间的状语直接连用。 (1) 转换方式-把瞬间动作变为可延续的状态,比如将“买”变成“拥有”。 (2) 常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换: 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时的构成 buy have have/has had borrow keep have/has kept become be have/has been die be dead have/has been dead leave be away have/has been away begin/start be on have/has been on finish/stop be over have/has been over come/go/arrive be in/at have/has been in/at join be in/be a member of have/has been in / have/has been a member of marry be married have/has been married catch a cold have a cold have/has had a cold open be open have/has been open close be closed have/has been closed fall ill be ill have/has been ill fall asleep be asleep have/has been asleep (7) 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别: (1) 一般过去时: 侧重点:强调过去某个具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态,和现在没有直接关联。 时间状语:常有明确的过去时间状语,如yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、in 2020(在2020年)等。 例:I ate an apple yesterday.只说明昨天吃苹果这个动作,不涉及现在的情况。 说话意图:单纯陈述过去某个时间发生的动作/状态,需搭配明确的过去时间状语,不涉及动作对现在的影响。 (2) 现在完成时: 侧重点:一是强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响;二是表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态; 还可表示过去到现在动作发生的次数,常与once(一次)、twice(两次)、several times(几次)等词连用。 时间状语:常和already(已经)、yet(还)、just(刚刚)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)、for + 时间段、 since + 时间点等词或短语连用。 例:I have eaten an apple. 言外之意可能是现在不饿了,体现了过去吃苹果这个动作对现在的影响。 说话意图:强调过去动作对现在的结果/影响、从过去持续到现在的状态,或过去到现在动作发生的次数, 核心是体现过去与现在的关联; 【注意】:因强调与现在的关系,所以不能与具体的过去时间点(如yesterday、last week、in 2020等)连用。 (8) 现在完成时标志词的用法: (1) yet:位于句末,用于否定句(“还,尚未”)和疑问句(“已经”)。如:I haven't seen the movie yet. (2) already:”已经”用于肯定句,表明动作已经完成。 如:I have already finished my homework. (3) ( 常在have/has后,实义动词前; )just:表示”刚刚”,强调刚发生的事情。如:He has just arrived. (just now: 一般过去时) (4) ever:”曾经”用于疑问句问经历。如:Have you ever been to Paris? (5) never:”从不/未”用于否定句表从未。如:She has never been late. (6) before:通常放句末,表“以前”,无需加具体时间,强调过去经历对现在的影响. 如:I have seen this movie before.(我以前看过这部电影。) (7) since & for 用法 标志词 含义 用法和位置 since 自从 ( since为介词 )since+时间点; since+时间段+ago. since+句子(过去时态) since为连词 Eg.Since 2019, I have lived in Shanghai. She has not eaten junk food since one month ago. They have been good friends since they met at school. for 持续;长达 for+时间段 Eg:I have lived here for three years. 学以致用-现在完成时专项练习题 一、单项选择题。 1. Tom _ just _ his breakfast. A. has; had B. did; have C. will; have D. is; having 2. —Look! Someone _ the classroom. It's so clean!—Really? Let's find out who it was. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 3. He _ in this factory since he graduated. A. worked B. has worked C. works D. will work 4. The train _ already. We have to wait for the next one. A. left B. has left C. leaves D. will leave 5. I _ this school since 2020. A. have come in B. has been in C. have been in D. has come in 6. They _ already _ the new words. A. have; learned B. did; learn C. will; learn D. are; learning 7. I _ never _ such an interesting movie before. A. have; seen B. have; saw C. did; see D. will; see 8. My brother _ the army for three years. A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. was in 9. —Have you ever _ to the Great Wall?—Yes, I have. A. go B. been C. went D. gone 二、同义句转换。 1. My brother joined the army last year. (改为同义句) My brother _ _ in the army since last year. 2. I got to know her in 2021. (改为同义句) I _ _ her since 2021. 3. The meeting started an hour ago. It is still on. (合并为一句) The meeting _ _ _ for an hour. 4. He became a teacher in 2010. (改为同义句) He _ _ a teacher since 2010. 5. The old man died ten years ago. (改为同义句) The old man _ _ _ for ten years. 6. She left her hometown five years ago. (改为同义句) She _ _ _ from her hometown for five years. 7. He bought the car two years ago. (改为同义句) He _ _ the car for two years. 三、汉译英完成句子。 1. 你爸爸去国外出差好几次了吗? Has your father _ several times? 2. 结婚以来,他们已经去过很多古镇了。 They have _ _ many old towns since they _ _. 四、单词适当形式填空。 1. He isn't here right now. He _ (go) the park. 2. —Is Tom at home now? —No, he _ (go) to the supermarket. But he will return soon. 3. He _ to London. He will be back in two weeks. (go) 一、单项选择题答案 1.A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 二、同义句转换答案 1.has been 2. have known 3. has been on 4. has been 5. has been dead 6. has been away 7. has had 三、汉译英完成句子答案 been abroad on business ; been to; got married 四、动词形式填空答案 has gone to ; has gone to ;has gone $