专题七　动词和动词短语 课件-2026年河北中考英语二轮复习

中考英语 河北专用 精练册 专题七 动词和动词短语 考点1　动词词义辨析 一、动词的分类及用法 动词的分类:根据意义和在句中的功能,动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。 1.实义动词 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其后面是否可直接接宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其 持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 (1)及物动词和不及物动词 ①常见的及物动词: catch抓住;赶上　　　 　invent发明 find找到;发现　　　 like喜欢 observe观察到　　 　prevent阻止 raise筹集;抚养;提起　　　regard认为 supply供给　　 　select选择 show展示,表明　　 　make制造 take带走　　 　tell告诉 ②常见的不及物动词: work工作　　listen听　　look看 come来　　　belong属于　　　fall落下 exist存在　　 rise升起　　 　arrive到达 sit坐　　 　hurry匆忙　　 　succeed成功 ③有些动词既可以用作及物动词又可以用作不及物动词,且其意义不变。 例　Let us begin our game.让我们开始我们的游戏。(及物动词,意为“开始”) Everybody, our game begins.大家注意,我们的游戏开始了。(不及物动词,意为“开始”) 类似的词还有:start开始,answer回答,close关闭,insist坚持,read读,learn学,improve改进 ④有些动词既可以用作及物动词又可以用作不及物动词,但其意义差别很大。 例    He lifted his glass and drank up the water.他举起了他的玻璃杯并且喝光了水。(及物动词,意为 “抬高;举起”) We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.当云雾消散时我们看到了山。(不及物动词,意为“消 散”) 类似的词还有: beat vi.(心脏)跳动 vt.打败;grow vi.成长 vt.种植;smell vi.发出……气味 vt.闻到;speak vi.讲话 vt.会讲(某种语言);operate vi.动手术 vt.操作 (2)延续性动词和非延续性动词 ①延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如live、stay、study、 work、keep、teach等。 例　We have lived in China since 2001. 2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 ②非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生便立即结束,如buy、lend、borrow、die、begin、 stop、finish、arrive、join、go、come、catch等。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间 的状语连用,如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。 例　He arrived here five days ago. 他五天前到这儿。 He has been here for five days. 他已经到这儿五天了。(这里不能用has arrived) The old man died two years ago. 那个老人两年前去世了。 The old man has been dead for two years. 那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用has died) 2.系动词 系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、 特征、身份等。初中阶段常见的系动词有: 注意　感官系动词为河北中考常考点,注意其特点有两个:第一,感官系动词后常加形容词;第二,感 官系动词无被动语态。 3.助动词 助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,一起构成各种时态、语态、语气、 否定和疑问结构。常用的助动词有be、have、has、had、do、does、did、will、would、shall等。 (1)助动词be(am,is,are,was,were) ①“助动词be+现在分词”构成进行时态。 例　The students are having class. 学生们正在上课。 ②“助动词be+过去分词”构成被动语态。 例　The baby was put in bed. 这个婴儿被放在床上。 (2)助动词have/has/had “助动词have/has/had+过去分词”构成完成时态。 例　We have learnt English for five years. 我们学了五年英语了。 (3)助动词do/does/did 助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问句、倒装句、否定句、加强语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。 例    Do you live in China?你住在中国吗? He didn’t go to see the film last Sunday. 上星期天他没去看电影。 Do be quiet, children.孩子们,务必安静点。 Only then did I realize it.直到那时我才意识到它。 (4)助动词will、shall和would will、shall和would用于构成将来时。(shall用于第一人称,will/would可用于各种人称) 例    There will be more trees in one hundred years. 一百年后将有更多的树。 I shall be fifteen years old next month. 到下个月我就15岁了。 4.情态动词(详见专题八) 二、常见动词词义辨析 考点2　动词短语辨析 一、常见的动词短语类型 二、常见的动词短语 1.同一动词型 2.同一介词/副词型 动词与完形填空 　　 1.词汇复现 例    Ralph Wick was seven years old. In most things he was a fine boy, but he would cry from time to time. When he could not have what he wanted, he would 　　    for it. A.run　　　B.cry　　　C.plan　　　D.call (上文提到“he would cry from time to time”,结合空前的“When he could not have what he want- ed”可知,此处是解释他什么时候会哭,还是关于哭,是cry的复现。故选B。) 2.语境推断 例    What does the word ecology mean? It was 　　    by Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist. He joined two Greek words: oikos, meaning “house”, and logie, meaning “the study of”. A.proved　　　　B.invented C.marked　　　　D.accepted (由下文“He joined two Greek words: oikos, meaning ‘house’, and logie, meaning ‘the study of’.”可知,他把两个单词拼起来,创造了新词ecology。故选B。) 3.固定搭配 例    This job is to 　　    the earth from germs(细菌) on things brought back from other planets. A.move　　　B.protect　　　C.pull 　　　D.collect (protect...from...是固定短语,意为“保护……免受伤害”。故选B。) 考点1　动词词义辨析 1.The trip 　　    really exciting to me. How I wish to go! A.sounds　　　B.smells　　　C.tastes　　　D.feels 1.A　考查感官系动词词义辨析。sound听起来;smell闻起来;taste尝起来;feel摸起来。本句主语是 “The trip”,所以后面只能接sounds。故答案为A。 解题关键　本题解题关键是对句意的理解。本句主语“The trip”意为“旅游”,属抽象名词,不 能闻,不能尝,不能摸,只能是听起来怎么样。 2.The air 　　    fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue. A.feels　　　　 B.tastes C.smells　　　　D.sounds 2.C　feel摸起来;taste尝起来;smell闻起来;sound听起来。由空后的“fresh”可推知,此处指空气闻 起来清新。故选C。 知识拓展　人有五感,这五种感觉分别对应着五个感官动词,feel意为“摸起来”;look意为“看起 来”;sound意为“听起来”;smell意为“闻起来”;taste意为“尝起来”。感官动词的特点:一、后 面一般加形容词;二、没有被动语态。 3.Mom is cooking dinner. It 　　    so nice! A.smells　　　B.tastes　　　C.feels　　　D.sounds 3.A　smell闻起来;taste 尝起来;feel感觉;sound听起来。根据语境可知,妈妈正在做饭,饭未做好,故 只能“闻起来”香。故选A。 考点2　动词短语辨析 1.We are supposed to 　　    our hand before we speak in class. A.put up　　　　B.put out C.put down　　　　D.put away 1.A　考查动词短语辨析。put up举起;put out熄灭;put down放下;put away把……收起来。根据语 境及常识可知,此处是指在课堂上发言应先“举手”,故选A。 2.—Michael, 　　    this shirt. —Oh, it looks nice on me! A.try on　　　　 B.put down C.take off　　　　D.throw away 2.A　考查动词短语辨析。try on试穿;put down放下;take off起飞;throw away 扔掉。由“it looks nice on me”可知,此处是试穿这件衬衣。故答案为A。 3.Some volunteers are going to 　　    the central park. Let’s join them. A.put up　　　　 B.clean up C.look up　　　　D.give up 3.B　考查动词短语辨析。put up张贴;clean up打扫干净;look up查阅;give up放弃。根据语境可知, 此处应该是指志愿者们计划去打扫中心公园,故本题选择B。 知识拓展　含有up的常见动词短语还有:take up开始从事,占据;eat up吃光;make up 编造;set up 建 立;turn up 调高。 4.On the first day of Chinese New Year, we　　     new clothes and visit people. A.pick up　　　　B.put on C.take off　　　　D.throw away 4.B　考查动词短语辨析。pick up拾起;put on穿上;take off脱下;throw away扔掉。根据春节习俗可 知,此处应该是“穿上”新衣服,故本题选择B。 1.My mom seldom goes out on weekends because reading 　　    most of her free time. A.takes up　　　　B.puts up C.picks up　　　　D.turns up 1.A　考查动词短语辨析。take up占据;put up张贴;pick up捡起;turn up出现。分析语境及选项,能 跟“most of her free time”搭配的只有take up,此处指“占据”时间。故选A。 2.As a student, we’d better learn to do some housework, and we shouldn’t always 　　    our parents. A.depend on　　　　B.decide on C.make up　　　　D.look after 2.A　考查动词短语辨析。由“we’d better learn to do some housework”可推知,此处意思是不应 该依赖父母。depend on意为“依赖”,符合语境。故选A。 3. —Honey, could you help me 　　    the picture of colorful balloons from the paper? —OK, Mum. I’m coming! A.cut out　　　　 B.carry out C.turn out　　　　D.work out 3.A　考查动词短语辨析。cut out剪下;carry out执行;turn out结果是;work out解决。结合选项,能 和“the picture of colorful balloons from the paper”搭配的只有cut out,此处指的是“从纸上剪下图 片”,故选A。 4.As soon as I 　　    my hands, he bowed to me. A.gave out　　　　B.held out C.put out　　　 　D.sent out 4.B　考查动词短语辨析。give out分发;hold out伸出;put out熄灭;send out 发送。结合选项,能和后 面“my hands”形成动宾关系的只有hold out。此处指“伸出我的手”。故选B。 5.Mom is cooking chicken soup. It 　　    good. A.sounds　　　　B.tastes C.smells　　　　 D.feels 5.C　考查动词词义辨析。sound听起来;taste尝起来;smell闻起来;feel摸起来。由“Mom is cook- ing chicken soup.”可知,妈妈正在做鸡汤,还没做好,所以是闻起来香,故选C。 6.Waiting for Amy all the time really 　　    me crazy. A.takes　　　　B.brings C.gives　　　　D.drives 6.D　考查动词词义辨析。drive sb. crazy 为固定短语,意为“使某人发疯”。故选D。 7.Come on, Jim. We will 　　    to the train station in ten minutes. A.set out　　　　B.put out C.hand out　　　 D.take out 7.A　考查动词短语辨析。set out 出发;put out熄灭;hand out 分发;take out 取出。由“Come on， Jim”可知,此处指要动身去火车站了,set out符合语境。故选A。 8.—What is your brother like? —He is caring and he seems to 　　    everyone. A.know about　　　　B.care about C.think about　　　　D.worry about 8.B　考查动词短语辨析。know about了解;care about关心;think about考虑;worry about担忧。根据 “He is caring”可知,他关心每个人。故选B。 9.I like soft and gentle music. It 　　    nice. A.smells　　　B.feels　　　C.tastes　　　D.sounds 9.D　考查动词词义辨析。smell闻起来; feel摸起来; taste尝起来; sound听起来。由“I like soft and gentle music.”可知,句子主语“It”指代音乐,只能听起来很好。故选D。 10.I hear Cao Wenxuan’s new book has just 　　    . Let’s go and buy one. A.given out　　　　B.come out C.found out　　　　D.taken out 10.B　考查动词短语辨析。give out 分发;come out 出版;find out弄清楚;take out取出。由“Let’s go and buy one.”可知,此处指曹文轩的新书出版了,come out符合语境。故选B。 11.Tina really 　　    her mother. They both have big eyes and round faces. A.looks after　　　　B.looks like C.feels like　　　　 D.looks up 11.B　考查动词短语辨析。 look after 照顾;look like看起来像;feel like感觉像;look up查阅。由 “They both have big eyes and round faces.”可知,蒂娜长得像她妈妈,look like符合语境。故选B。 12.The old man 　　    most his money to poor students. A.gave up　　　　 B.gave back C.gave away　　　　D.gave in 12.C　考查动词短语辨析。give up 放弃;give back归还;give away 赠送;give in屈服。根据语境,能 跟“most his money to poor students”搭配的只有give away,此处指这个老人把他大部分的钱捐赠 给了贫困生。故选C。 13.Many scientists are trying to find out different ways to 　　    the space junk(垃圾). A.look up　　　　 B.clean up C.make up　　　　D.put up 13.B　考查动词短语辨析。根据具体语境,此处指清理太空垃圾。故答案为B。 14.I think out a good way to 　　    the old clothes. Let’s give them away to the charity. A.deal with　　 B.hand in C.take up　　　 　D.clean up 14.A　考查动词短语辨析。deal with处理;hand in上交;take up从事; clean up打扫。由“Let’s give them away to the charity”可知,这是“我”想出的如何处理这些旧衣服的好办法。故选A。 15.To 　　    others’ attention, the woman in the square spoke more and more loudly. A.draw　　　　B.push C.take　　　　 D.pull 15.A　考查动词词义辨析。draw画,吸引;push 推;take带走;pull 拉。draw one’s attention为固定搭 配,意为“吸引某人的注意力”。故选A。 16.You can 　　    the words in the dictionary if you don’t know the meaning of them. A.take up　　　　B.look up C.put up　　　　 D.get up 16.B　考查动词短语辨析。take up 从事;look up 查找;put up张贴;get up 起床。选项中能和“the words”形成动宾关系的只有look up,此处指在字典中查阅这些单词。故选 B。 17.You are an honest boy. I never 　　    you. A.doubt　　　　 B.believe C.understand　　　　D.follow 17.A    考查动词词义辨析。doubt 怀疑;believe 相信;understand理解;follow跟随。由“You are an honest boy”可知,此处指“我从不怀疑你”。故选A。 18.My students, your dream will come true as long as you don’t 　　    . A.stay up　　　　B.take up C.get up　　　　 D.give up 18.D　考查动词短语辨析。stay up熬夜;take up占据,从事;get up起床;give up放弃。根据语境可知, 只要不放弃,梦想就会实现,give up“放弃”,符合语境。故选D。 19.—Did you have a welcome party for Laura last night? —No, we didn’t. It was 　　    because Laura was in hospital. A.put off　　　　B.taken off C.cut off　　　　 D.turned off 19.A　考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟;take off起飞;cut off切断;turn off关掉。由“because Laura was in hospital”可知,欢迎会推迟了,put off符合语境。故选A。 20.The government has tried different ways to 　　    the smog prob- lems. Now, we have a much clearer sky. A.put away　　　B.come up C.come true　　　　D.work out 20.D　考查动词短语辨析。put away 把……收起来;come up发生;come true 实现;work out解决。 结合选项,能跟“the smog problems”搭配的只有work out,此处指解决雾霾问题。故答案为D。 21.Please 　　    the lights when you leave the room. Be a greener person. A.use up　　　　B.give out C.turn off　　　　D.put down 21.C　考查动词短语辨析。use up 用完;give out分发;turn off 关闭; put down放下。由“Be a greener person”可知,此处指离开房间时关灯。故选C。 22.—Do you know the spacewoman Wang Yaping? —Sure. She is called the mother who 　　    the stars. A.gave out　　　　B.put away C.looked after　　　　D.reached for 22.D　考查动词短语辨析。give out 分发;put away把……收起来;look after 照顾;reach for伸手去 拿。由“the spacewoman Wang Yaping”可知,这里是说王亚平被称为摘星星的妈妈。reach for符 合语境。故选D。 23.Zhang Yimou spent more than 2 years 　　    the Opening Ceremony, and finally gave us a big surprise. A.setting up　　　　B.making up C.paying for　　　　D.preparing for 23.D　考查动词短语辨析。 set up建立;make up 编造;pay for付款; prepare for为……做准备。由 “and finally gave us a big surprise”可知,此处指张艺谋为开幕式做了两年多的准备。故选D。 完形填空微语篇 Think of all the ways that you use your arms and hands. You use them to open doors, carry boxes, climb trees and ride bikes. Jessica Cox was born without arms. But she didn’t let that     1     her from doing things. She     2     to feed herself, paint and play the piano by using her feet. When she was at school, Jessica always     3     the other students in the playground. She did not have hands to catch balls with, and she did not have arms to     4     trees with. Jessica imagined herself as a girl of unusually(不寻常地) great ability. She would     5     over the playground and take her friends into the sky. 基础练 Many years later, when Jessica     6    , she did fly. She learnt to fly a plane! It was hard, but Jessica was patient, confident and brave. She controlled the plane with her feet. She made her dream     7    . 1.A.divide　　　　B.add C.lend　　　　D.stop 2.A.paid　　　　 B.refused C.learnt　　 　D.forgot 3.A.saw　　　 　B.watched C.looked　　　 D.heard 4.A.open　　　　 B.carry C.climb　　　　D.ride 5.A.fly　　　　 B.knock C.fall　　　　 D.push 6.A.set up　　　　B.grew up C.gave up　　　D.warmed up 7.A.come true　　 B.come out C.come over　　D.come across 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了天生没有双臂的女孩杰西卡自强不息,通过不断努力实现 梦想的故事。主题语境属于“人与自我”范畴中的“生活与学习”主题群,涉及“身心健康,抗挫 能力,珍爱生命的意识”子主题内容。 1.D　考查动词词义辨析。结合前后句可知,虽然杰西卡没有胳膊,但这不能阻止她做很多事。 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,故选D。 2.C    考查动词词义辨析。由上文“But she didn’t let that...her from doing things.”可知,杰西卡学 会了用脚吃饭、绘画、弹钢琴。pay支付;refuse拒绝;learn学习;forget忘记。故选C。 3.B　考查动词词义辨析。see看见;watch注视;look看;hear听见。根据语境,结合下文“the other students in the playground”可知,这里指在学校的时候,她经常注视着操场上的其他学生。故 选B。 4.C　考查动词词义辨析。这里是对前文“You use them to open doors, carry boxes, climb trees and ride bikes.”中“climb trees”的复现。故选C。 5.A　考查动词词义辨析。后面的“into the sky”(在天空中)和fly相关,可以推断杰西卡幻想自己 能带着朋友飞翔,并且fly在下文中也有复现(she did fly),故选A。 6.B　考查动词短语辨析。set up建立;grow up长大;give up放弃;warm up热身。结合选项,由 “Many years later”可知,这里指多年以后,杰西卡长大了。故选B。 7.A　考查动词短语辨析。come true实现;come out出现,出版;come over短暂造访;come across偶然 遇到。由上文“...she did fly. She learnt to fly a plane!”可知,杰西卡的梦想实现了。故选A。 谢谢观看 $