Unit 6 Hitting the road 重要知识点讲解 2025-2026学年外研版英语七年级下册

外研英语七下Unit6 Hitting the road 重要知识点讲解 一、重点单词详解 1. airport(n. 机场,航空站(港)) 词性特征:可数名词,复数形式为airports 核心搭配:at the airport(在机场)、go to the airport(去机场)、leave the airport(离开机场) 用法:常与介词at搭配,表示“在机场”,泛指机场时可加the,特指某一个机场时也可加a/an 例句: ① My parents will meet me at the airport when I come back.(我回来时,父母会在机场接我。) ② There is a big airport in our city.(我们城市有一个大型机场。) ③ He arrived at the airport early to catch the first plane.(他早早到达机场,以便赶上第一班飞机。) 2. expect(v. 预料,预期,预计;期待) 词性特征:及物动词,后可接名词、代词、宾语从句或不定式 同源词:expectation(n. 期待;预期) 核心搭配:expect to do sth.(期待做某事)、expect sb. to do sth.(期待某人做某事) 例句: ① The food was much hotter than I expected.(食物比我预料的更辣。) ② I expect Tom will win the singing competition.(我预计汤姆会赢得歌唱比赛。) ③ My mother expects me to finish my homework before dinner.(我妈妈期待我晚饭前完成作业。) 3. comfortable(adj. 舒适的,令人舒服的) 词性特征:形容词,可作定语、表语,修饰名词(如hotel、sofa、shoes等) 反义词:uncomfortable(adj. 不舒适的,令人不舒服的) 同源词:comfortably(adv. 舒适地)、comfort(n. 舒适;v. 安慰) 例句: ① The hotel was very comfortable, just like my own home.(宾馆很舒适,就像我自己的家一样。) ② I bought a comfortable sofa for my living room.(我给客厅买了一个舒适的沙发。) ③ The hard chair made me feel uncomfortable.(这把硬椅子让我觉得很不舒服。) 4. prefer(v. 更喜欢) 词性特征:及物动词,相当于“like...better”,语气更委婉 核心搭配:prefer A to B(比起B,更喜欢A)、prefer doing A to doing B(比起做B,更喜欢做A)、prefer to do sth.(更喜欢做某事) 易错提示:prefer doing A to doing B 中,to是介词,后接动名词,不能接动词原形 例句: ① I prefer trying local food to visiting places of interest in a trip.(在旅行中,比起游览名胜,我更喜欢品尝当地食物。) ② She prefers tea to coffee.(比起咖啡,她更喜欢茶。) ③ My brother prefers to stay at home on weekends.(我弟弟周末更喜欢待在家里。) 5. discuss(v. 商讨,谈论,讨论) 词性特征:及物动词,后直接接宾语(名词、代词或从句),不接介词about 同源词:discussion(n. 讨论;商讨) 核心搭配:discuss sth. with sb.(和某人讨论某事)、have a discussion about sth.(就某事进行讨论) 例句: ① Discuss fun things to do while travelling.(谈论旅行中可以做的有趣的事情。) ② We discussed the travel plan with our teacher yesterday.(我们昨天和老师讨论了旅行计划。) ③ They will have a discussion about where to go for a trip.(他们将讨论去哪里旅行。) 6. accept(v. 接受,同意做) 词性特征:及物动词、不及物动词均可,强调“主观上愿意接受” 反义词:refuse(v. 拒绝) 易混提示:区别于receive(v. 收到)(强调“客观上收到”,不一定愿意接受) 例句: ① The speaker is accepting an award on the stage.(发言者正在舞台上领奖。) ② She accepted my invitation to the birthday party.(她接受了我参加生日派对的邀请。) ③ I received a gift from him, but I didn’t accept it.(我收到了他的礼物,但我没有接受。) 7. traffic(n. 路上行驶的车辆,交通) 词性特征:不可数名词,没有复数形式,谓语动词用单数 核心搭配:traffic jam(交通阻塞)、traffic light(交通信号灯)、heavy traffic(交通拥堵) 用法:常与介词in、on搭配,如in the traffic(在车流中) 例句: ① There are no traffic jams in this small town.(这个小镇没有交通阻塞。) ② There’s always heavy traffic at this time of day.(每天这个时候总是交通拥堵。) ③ You must pay attention to the traffic lights when crossing the road.(过马路时必须注意交通信号灯。) 8. achieve(v. 实现,(尤指经过努力)取得,达到) 词性特征:及物动词,宾语常为dream、goal、success等词 同源词:achievement(n. 成就;成绩) 核心搭配:achieve one’s dream(实现某人的梦想)、achieve a goal(达到目标) 例句: ① He travelled for about 30 years, and achieved his dream.(他旅行了大约30年,实现了他的梦想。) ② I believe I can achieve my goal if I work hard.(我相信只要努力,我就能达到目标。) ③ Her great achievements in English made her parents proud.(她在英语方面的巨大成就让父母感到自豪。) 9. dream(v. 梦想;n. 梦想) 词性特征:可作动词(不及物,后接of/about),也可作名词(可数/不可数) 核心搭配:dream of doing sth.(梦想做某事)、have a dream(有一个梦想)、realize one’s dream(实现梦想) 例句: ① From an early age, Xu dreamed of visiting China's seas and mountains.(自年少时起,徐霞客就梦想游览中国的海洋和高山。) ② My dream is to travel around the world.(我的梦想是环游世界。) ③ He has dreamed of becoming a pilot since he was a child.(他从小就梦想成为一名飞行员。) 10. painting(n. 绘画(作品);绘画) 词性特征:可数名词(表“绘画作品”),不可数名词(表“绘画这项活动”) 同源词:paint(v. 绘画;涂漆)、painter(n. 画家) 用法:表“多幅画作”时,复数形式为paintings 例句: ① It looks as beautiful as a painting.(它看起来与一幅画一样美丽。) ② There are many famous paintings in the art museum.(艺术博物馆里有许多著名的画作。) ③ She is good at painting. She spends an hour on painting every day.(她擅长绘画,每天花一小时画画。) 二、重点短语详解 1. at last(最后,终于) 同义短语:finally、in the end 用法:作时间状语,强调“经过努力、等待后,最终达到某种结果”,可置于句首、句中或句末 例句: ① At last, we arrived at the hotel safely after a long trip.(经过漫长的旅行,我们终于安全到达了宾馆。) ② He tried many times and at last he succeeded.(他尝试了很多次,终于成功了。) ③ The rain stopped at last, and we could go out to play.(雨终于停了,我们可以出去玩了。) 2. arrive in(到达) 同义短语:arrive at、get to、reach 用法:后接大地点(如城市、国家、省份等);接小地点(如机场、车站、学校等)用arrive at 易错提示:arrive 是不及物动词,后面不接宾语时,不用加介词(如He arrived late. 他来晚了。) 例句: ① We arrived in Chengdu yesterday afternoon.(我们昨天下午到达了成都。) ② She arrived at the airport at 8 o’clock this morning.(她今天早上8点到达了机场。) ③ They will arrive in Beijing next Monday.(他们下周一将到达北京。) 3. can’t wait to do sth.(迫不及待地想要做某事) 同义表达:can’t wait for sth.(迫不及待地等待某物/某事) 用法:wait 后接不定式to do sth.,强调“心情急切,渴望做某事” 例句: ① I just couldn’t wait to try Sichuan hot pot!(我迫不及待地想要试一试四川火锅!) ② The children can’t wait to open their birthday gifts.(孩子们迫不及待地想要打开生日礼物。) ③ I can’t wait to see my grandparents this weekend.(我迫不及待地想在这个周末见到祖父母。) 4. look forward to(盼望,期待) 同义短语:expect、hope for 用法:to 是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing),不能接动词原形 例句: ① I'm really looking forward to the rest of my trip around China!(我真的很期待接下来的中国之旅!) ② We are looking forward to your coming.(我们期待着你的到来。) ③ She looks forward to visiting the Great Wall every year.(她每年都盼望着去游览长城。) 5. traffic jam(交通阻塞) 词性:可数名词短语,复数形式为traffic jams 常见搭配:have a traffic jam(遇到交通阻塞)、heavy traffic jams(严重的交通阻塞) 例句: ① There are no traffic jams in this quiet village.(这个安静的村庄没有交通阻塞。) ② We were late for the meeting because of a traffic jam.(因为遇到交通阻塞,我们开会迟到了。) ③ He often leaves home early to avoid traffic jams.(他经常早早出门,以避开交通阻塞。) 6. dream of(梦想) 同义短语:dream about(两者可通用,dream of 更侧重“难以实现的梦想”) 用法:of 是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing) 拓展:dream of 还可表示“梦见”,此时与dream about 完全同义 例句: ① From an early age, Xu dreamed of visiting China's seas and mountains.(自年少时起,徐霞客就梦想游览中国的海洋和高山。) ② My brother dreams of becoming a famous singer.(我哥哥梦想成为一名著名的歌手。) ③ I dreamed of my old friend last night.(我昨晚梦见我的老朋友了。) 7. set out(出发,动身) 同义短语:set off、start out 核心搭配:set out on a journey(踏上旅程)、set out from...(从……出发) 用法:不及物动词短语,后接目的地时需加介词for(set out for 出发去……) 例句: ① At 22, he set out on his life's journey.(他22岁踏上了人生之旅。) ② We will set out for the airport at 6 tomorrow morning.(我们明天早上6点出发去机场。) ③ They set out from Nanjing on a cold winter morning.(他们在一个寒冷的冬日早晨从南京出发。) 8. achieve one's dream(实现某人的梦想) 同义表达:realize one’s dream、make one’s dream come true 用法:one’s 需根据主语改为形容词性物主代词(my、his、her等)或名词所有格 例句: ① He travelled for about 30 years, and achieved his dream.(他旅行了大约30年,实现了他的梦想。) ② If you work hard, you will realize your dream one day.(只要你努力,总有一天会实现你的梦想。) ③ She made her dream of being a teacher come true.(她实现了成为一名老师的梦想。) 9. thanks to(多亏,由于) 同义短语:because of、due to(thanks to 多表示“正面的原因”,暗含“感谢”) 用法:后接名词、代词或动名词,引导原因状语,可置于句首或句中 易错提示:区别于thanks for(因……而感谢)(for 后接“感谢的原因”) 例句: ① Thanks to this book, we can learn about China almost 400 years ago.(多亏了这本书,我们可以了解差不多400年前的中国。) ② Thanks to your help, I finished the task on time.(多亏了你的帮助,我按时完成了任务。) ③ Thanks for inviting me to your birthday party.(谢谢你邀请我参加你的生日派对。) 10. learn about(了解,得知) 同义短语:know about、find out about 用法:后接名词、代词,强调“通过某种方式了解到某信息或某事物” 拓展:learn to do sth.(学会做某事)、learn from(向……学习) 例句: ① Thanks to this book, we can learn about China almost 400 years ago.(多亏了这本书,我们可以了解差不多400年前的中国。) ② I want to learn about the culture of different countries.(我想了解不同国家的文化。) ③ She learned to swim when she was five years old.(她五岁的时候学会了游泳。) 三、重点句型详解 1. The food was much hotter than I expected.(食物比我预料的更辣。) 句型结构:主语 + be + 程度副词 + 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象 用法:much 在此处作程度副词,修饰形容词比较级hotter,表“……得多”;than 引导比较状语从句(此处省略了it was) 拓展:可修饰比较级的词/短语还有a little、even、still等 例句: ① My schoolbag is much heavier than yours.(我的书包比你的重得多。) ② She is even cleverer than her sister.(她甚至比她姐姐更聪明。) ③ This movie is a little more interesting than that one.(这部电影比那部稍微有趣一点。) 2. And cooking hot pot was just as fun as eating it!(做火锅和吃火锅一样有趣!) 句型结构:主语 + be + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 比较对象(平级比较的肯定形式) 用法:as...as... 意为“和……一样……”,中间必须用形容词或副词的原级;cooking hot pot 和 eating it 是动名词短语作主语 拓展:否定形式为 not as/so...as...(不如……) 例句: ① She sings as beautifully as a professional singer.(她唱得和专业歌手一样动听。) ② My brother runs as fast as me.(我弟弟跑得和我一样快。) ③ This book is not as interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本书有趣。) 3. I prefer trying local food to visiting places of interest in a trip.(在旅行中,比起游览名胜,我更喜欢品尝当地食物。) 句型结构:主语 + prefer doing A to doing B 用法:prefer 后接动名词doing A,表示“更喜欢做A事”;to 是介词,后接动名词doing B,表示“比起做B事”,前后结构要一致 拓展:同义句型 prefer to do A rather than do B(宁愿做A事,也不愿做B事) 例句: ① He prefers staying at home to going out on weekends.(比起周末出去,他更喜欢待在家里。) ② She prefers drinking tea to drinking coffee.(比起喝咖啡,她更喜欢喝茶。) ③ I prefer to walk rather than take a bus to school.(我宁愿走路去学校,也不愿坐公交车。) 4. At 22, he set out on his life's journey.(他22岁踏上了人生之旅。) 句型结构:时间状语 + 主语 + set out on + 名词(旅程/任务等) 用法:At 22 是 At the age of 22 的省略形式,作时间状语;set out on 表示“踏上……(旅程、征程等)” 拓展:set out to do sth. 表示“着手做某事” 例句: ① At 18, she set out on her trip around the world.(她18岁踏上了环游世界的旅程。) ② He set out on a new task after finishing the old one.(完成旧任务后,他踏上了新的征程。) ③ They set out to finish the work before dark.(他们着手在天黑前完成这项工作。) 5. Thanks to this book, we can learn about China almost 400 years ago.(多亏了这本书,我们可以了解差不多400年前的中国。) 句型结构:Thanks to + 名词/代词 + 主句 用法:Thanks to 引导原因状语,说明“主句动作发生的原因”;主句用情态动词can/could 表示“能够做某事”,表结果 例句: ① Thanks to the rain, the crops can grow well.(多亏了这场雨,庄稼才能长得好。) ② Thanks to my teacher, I can solve this difficult problem.(多亏了我的老师,我才能解决这道难题。) ③ Thanks to your advice, I avoided making a mistake.(多亏了你的建议,我避免了犯错误。) 四、易错易混辨析 1. answer 与 reply 单词 核心含义 关键区别 例句 answer 回答;答复 常用词,可接电话、应门,直接接宾语 He answered my question quickly.(他很快回答了我的问题。) reply 回答;答复 较正式,需与介词to搭配,再接宾语 Please reply to my email as soon as possible.(请尽快回复我的邮件。) 2. accept 与 receive 单词 核心含义 关键区别 例句 accept 接受;同意 主观意愿,愿意接纳某物/某事 She accepted his invitation happily.(她高兴地接受了他的邀请。) receive 收到;接到 客观状态,被动收到,不一定愿意接受 I received a gift but didn’t accept it.(我收到了一份礼物,但没有接受。) 3. arrive in、arrive at 与 get to 短语 核心含义 关键区别 例句 arrive in 到达 后接大地点(城市、国家等) They arrived in Shanghai last night.(他们昨晚到达了上海。) arrive at 到达 后接小地点(机场、车站等) He arrived at the station at 7 o’clock.(他7点到达了车站。) get to 到达 通用,后接大、小地点均可,口语化 When will you get to school?(你什么时候到学校?) 4. thanks to 与 thanks for 短语 核心含义 关键区别 例句 thanks to 多亏;由于 表原因,后接“原因”,暗含感谢 Thanks to you, I passed the exam.(多亏了你,我通过了考试。) thanks for 因……而感谢 表感谢,后接“感谢的具体内容” Thanks for helping me with my homework.(谢谢你帮我辅导作业。) 5. prefer doing A to doing B 与 prefer to do A rather than do B 句型 核心含义 结构区别 例句 prefer doing A to doing B 比起做B,更喜欢做A to是介词,前后均接动名词 I prefer reading to watching TV.(比起看电视,我更喜欢看书。) prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A,也不愿做B to后接动词原形,rather than后也接动词原形 I prefer to walk rather than drive.(我宁愿走路,也不愿开车。) 6. as...as...(平级比较)的用法辨析 结构类型 结构形式 用法说明 例句 肯定形式 as + 原级 + as 表“和……一样”,中间用原级 She is as tall as her mother.(她和她妈妈一样高。) 否定形式 not as/so + 原级 + as 表“不如……”,as可换成so This pen is not so good as that one.(这支笔不如那支好。) 修饰形式 程度副词 + as + 原级 + as 用a little、almost等修饰,表程度 He is almost as old as my father.(他几乎和我爸爸一样大。) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $