Unit 4 Arts and heritage 单元语法（一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元语法精讲精练（新教材沪教版）

Unit 4 Arts and heritage 被动语态(2) （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 一般将来时和一般过去的被动语态 基本结构 be+Vpp 主被动转换 They clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned （by them）. 被动语态的使用 ①不知道动作的执行者。 ②没有必要指出动作的执行者。 ③强调动作的承受着。 ④句子主语是动作的承受者（往往是物，但也可能是人） 具体构成 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 clean/cleans is/am/are+cleaned 一般过去时 cleaned was/were cleaned 一般将来时 will clean will be cleaned be going to clean be going to be cleaned 注意事项 1.带双宾的谓语动词 有两种变换形式 She gave me a toy. I was given a toy. / A toy was given to me. 2.动词短语不可分割 We should take care of old people. Old people should be taken care of . 3.省 to 的不定式 see/hear/watch/feel/notice/let/make/have 变被动时，应加上 to My mother makes me stay at home. I am made to stay at home by my mother. 主动表被动 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut, burn,drive 等作不及物动词且主语为物时 This kind of shirt sells well. 2.look,sound,taste,smell 等系动词 School uniforms look ugly on us. 3.be worth doing This book is worth reading. 4.want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be done My car needs repairing. My car needs to be repaired. 一、单项选择(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．The story of Oliver Twist ________ on how poor people lived in London in the 1800s. A．bases B．based C．is based D．was based 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《雾都孤儿》的故事基于19世纪伦敦穷人的生活。 考查动词时态和语态。主语The story与动词base构成被动关系（故事被基于……），介绍故事内容应用一般现在时。故选C。 2．This cultural site ________ the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000. A．added to B．was added to C．is added to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个文化遗址在2000年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。 考查被动语态。主语This cultural site与动词add to之间是被动关系（遗址被列入名录），且时间状语in 2000表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 3．Luckily a little monkey ________ by some kind visitors yesterday. A．is saved B．was saved C．will be saved D．has been saved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：幸运的是，一只小猴子昨天被一些好心的游客救了。 考查动词时态。分析句子，主语“a little monkey”与谓语动词save之间是被动关系，又根据句中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，本句用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故选B。 4．An organization was ________ to help the children in poor areas. A．put up B．set up C．setting up D．built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：成立了一个组织来帮助贫困地区的儿童。 考查动词短语。put up张贴；set up创立，设立（主要用于组织、机构、学校等）；built建造（侧重施工建筑）。根据“An organization was...to help the children in poor areas.”可知，此处指设立或成立一个组织，主语“organization”和动词短语“set up”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”，空处应是set up。故选B。 5．Tea, one of the most popular drinks, ________ by accident in China. A．discovered B．is discovered C．will be discovered D．was discovered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：茶，最受欢迎的饮料之一，是在中国被偶然发现的。 考查时态和语态。主语Tea和谓语discover之间是被动关系，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 6．When I was a kid, some of my pocket money ________ to buy stuffed toy animals. A．uses B．is used C．used D．was used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我的一些零花钱被用来买毛绒玩具动物。 考查时态和被动语态。uses使用，一般现在时；is used被使用，一般现在时的被动语态；used使用，一般过去时；was used被使用，一般过去时的被动语态。分析题干可知，主语“some of my pocket money”和动词“use”之间是被动关系，结合“When I was a kid”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 7．Nobody knows when the wheel ____________. A．invent B．invented C．was invented D．was inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：没有人知道轮子是什么时候发明的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。invent发明，动词原形；invented发明，动词过去式或过去分词；was invented被发明，一般过去时的被动语态；was inventing在发明，过去进行时。根据“when the wheel...”可知，单数名词the wheel与动词invent之间存在被动关系，且根据常识可知轮子是在过去发明的，应用一般过去时，符合结构“主+was+done”；主句“Nobody knows”为一般现在时，对宾语从句时态没有影响。故选C。 8．The world’s first newspaper _________ by Romans. A．published B．was published C．kept D．was kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：世界上第一份报纸由罗马人出版。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。publish出版；keep保持。根据“The world’s first newspaper ... by Romans.”可知，物作主语，用被动语态，且发生在过去，要用一般过去时，所以空处应用一般过去时的被动语态，此处指的是“报纸被发明”，应用publish，故选B。 9．—Your bedroom is very clean. —Thank you! It ________ an hour ago. A．clean B．will clean C．is cleaned D．was cleaned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你的卧室很干净。谢谢你！——它一小时前刚被打扫过。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“It…an hour ago.”可知，此处指的是卧室被打扫过，且该句是一般过去时，因此填一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”。故选D。 10．I ________ ten minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A．gave B．was given C．was giving D．had given 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我有十分钟的时间来决定要不要去。 考查被动语态。give sb sth“给某人某物”，当宾语sb成为主语时，需用被动语态be done。故选B。 11．A speech on Chinese culture ______ in the City Library next Sunday. A．was giving B．is given C．will give D．will be given 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下周日，市图书馆将举办一场关于中国文化的演讲。 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“next Sunday”可知，动作发生在将来；主语“A speech”与动词“give”之间是被动关系 (演讲被举行)，需用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 12．To reduce cyber risks (网络风险), personal information online will ________ carefully. A．protect B．be protected C．protected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了降低网络风险，网上的个人信息将被谨慎保护。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。protect为动词，意为“保护”。根据语境“个人信息”是“被保护”的对象，句子主语personal information online与动词protect之间为被动关系，且本句描述将来的情况，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be done”。故选B。 13．We are very pleased to know that a new underground railway ________ in a few months. A．built B．will build C．was built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们很高兴得知一条新的地铁线路将在几个月后建成。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语“a new underground railway”与动词“build”之间是被动关系（地铁是被建造的），且时间状语“in a few months”表示将来，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态（结构：will be+过去分词）。故选D。 14．—Do you know where the 2028 Summer Olympic Games ________? —In Los Angeles, America. A．is held B．was held C．will hold D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道2028年夏季奥运会将在哪里举行吗？——在美国洛杉矶。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。is held被举行 (一般现在时的被动语态)；was held被举行 (一般过去时的被动语态)；will hold将举行 (一般将来时的主动语态)；will be held将举行 (一般将来时的被动语态)。根据“the 2028 Summer Olympic Games”可知，奥运会是被举行，且是将来发生的事情，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 15．Some photos of the moon _________ in the Space Club next week. A．shows B．is showing C．will be shown 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周一些关于月球的照片将在太空俱乐部被展示。 考查动词的时态和被动语态。shows展示，一般现在时主动语态；is showing正在展示，现在进行时主动语态；will be shown将被展示，一般将来时被动语态。根据时间状语“next week”可知，时态用一般将来时。主语Some photos of the moon与动词show之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be shown。故选C。 16．The new space station ________ by Chinese scientists next month. A．completes B．is completed C．will be completed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个新的空间站将于下个月由中国科学家完成。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据下文“by Chinese scientists next month.”可知，“next month”是一般将来时的时间标志，且“space station”和“complete”之间是被动关系（空间站被完成），所以要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。故选C。 17．I like shopping online. When my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon. A．send B．will be sent C．will send 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢网上购物，当我的订单准备好时，我想要的东西很快就会寄给我。 考查动词时态和语态。根据soon“很快，不久”可知，时态为一般将来时，且主语the things和动词send之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be done”。故选B。 18．The Science Museum _________ to the public in 2026. A．opens B．opened C．is opened D．will be opened 【答案】D 【详解】句意：科学博物馆将于 2026 年向公众开放。 考查动词时态和语态。opens开放，一般现在时主动；opened开放，一般过去时主动；is opened被开放，一般现在时被动；will be opened将被开放，一般将来时被动。根据“in 2026”可知动作发生在未来，用一般将来时；博物馆是动作承受者，需用被动语态，will be opened符合语境。故选D。 19．These books ________ in two weeks’ time. A．are printed B．were printed C．will be printed D．print 【答案】C 【详解】句意：两周后这些书将会被印刷好。 考查被动语态。根据“in two weeks’ time”可知是一般将来时，且主语“these books”与谓语动词“print”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态为will be done。故选C。 20．Plenty of fresh local foods ________ at the farmers’ market soon, so we can enjoy them for the next few weeks. A．offered B．were offered C．will be offered D．are going to offer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：农贸市场很快就会提供大量新鲜的当地食物，所以我们可以在接下来的几周里享用它们。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“soon”可知，此句时态为一般将来时；主语“Plenty of fresh local foods”与动词“offer”之间是被动关系，此句应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be done”。故选C。 二、单词拼写(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 21．She (remind) of her childhood by the old song she heard on the radio. 【答案】was reminded 【详解】句意：她听到收音机里播放的那首老歌，使她想起了自己的童年。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词。“remind”意为“提醒；使想起”，为动词。根据语境可知，她听到老歌这件事发生在过去，且她与“remind”之间是被动关系，即她被老歌提醒而想起童年，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”。主语“She”是第三人称单数，be动词用“was”，“remind”的过去分词是“reminded”。故填was reminded。 22．The Nobel Prize (award) to Röntgen for his discovery of X-rays. 【答案】was awarded 【详解】句意：伦琴因发现X射线而获得了诺贝尔奖。根据“The Nobel Prize…”可知，主语“The Nobel Prize”与动词award之间是被动关系，表示诺贝尔奖被授予，应用被动语态；且伦琴获奖是发生在过去的历史事实，应用一般过去时。主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。award的过去分词是awarded。故填was awarded。 23．The storybooks (write) by a famous writer in the 1960s. 【答案】were written 【详解】句意：这些故事书是一个著名作家在20世纪60年代写的。根据“The storybooks...by a famous writer in the 1960s.”可知，这些书是被作家写的，应该使用被动结构，用一般过去时，其结构为was/were done，主语是“The storybooks”，be动词用were，write的过去分词是written。故填were written。 24．My new novel (translate) into several foreign languages yesterday. 【答案】was translated 【详解】句意：我的新小说昨天被翻译成几种外语。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，该句为一般过去时；因主语“novel”和动词“translate”存在动宾关系，应使用被动语态，所以是一般过去时的被动语态；主语“My new novel”为单数，所以结构为“was+过去分词”，translate“翻译”的过去分词为translated。故填was translated。 25．Last year, some English teachers in our school (invite) to go abroad for further education. 【答案】were invited 【详解】句意：去年，我们学校的一些英语老师应邀出国深造。主语some English teachers与谓语动词invite之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，且由last year可知时态是一般过去时，故此处是一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是复数，be动词用were，invite的过去分词是invited。故填were invited。 26．In 2030, a new park (build) here. We are looking forward to it. 【答案】will be built 【详解】句意：到2030年，这里将会建一个新公园。我们都很期待。根据“In 2030”可知，句子要用一般将来时；又因为主语“a new park”和动词“build”之间是被动关系(公园是“被建造”的)，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+动词过去分词”，“build”的过去分词是“built”。故填will be built。 27．The magazine (return) to the library in a week. 【答案】will be returned 【详解】句意：这本杂志将在一周内被归还到图书馆。根据“in a week”可知句子要用一般将来时；又因为主语“The magazine”和动词“return”之间是被动关系（杂志是“被归还”的），所以要用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+动词过去分词”，“return”的过去分词是“returned”。故填will be returned。 28．In the future, AI robots (need) by more and more people. 【答案】will be needed 【详解】句意：在未来，人工智能机器人会被越来越多的人需要。根据“In the future”可知句子要用一般将来时；又因为主语“AI robots”和动词“need”之间是被动关系(机器人是“被需要”的)，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+动词过去分词”，“need”的过去分词是“needed”。故填will be needed。 29．A highway (build) in our city next year, isn’t it? 【答案】is going to be built 【详解】句意：明年我们城市要建一条高速公路，不是吗？根据“next year”可知时态是一般将来时，结合“isn’t it”可知应用be going to结构，分析主语和谓语动词可知，两者之间是被动关系，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态be going to be done，主语是单数，be动词用is，故填is going to be built。 30．The little girl （operate）on tomorrow afternoon. But she’s not nervous at all. 【答案】will be operated 【详解】句意：这个小女孩明天下午要动手术。但她一点也不紧张。本题主语“The little girl”与谓语动词“operate”是被动关系，又根据“tomorrow afternoon.”可知，这里是一般将来时的被动语态，结构是“will be done”。故填will be operated。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分) 31．将会需要太空导游来带领人们去月球以及更远的地方! Space tour guides to lead people to the moon and beyond! 【答案】 will be needed 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“将会被需要”。need“需要”，动词。句子表达对未来的预测，需用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。动词“need”的过去分词为“needed”。故填will；be；needed。 32．我认为学校的课程在未来不会被线上课程取代。 I don’t think school classes online classes in the future. 【答案】 will be replaced by 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“会被……取代”的完整表达，以及引出动作执行者的介词。原句“被线上课程取代”是被动结构，且“在未来”提示用一般将来时，一般将来时被动语态的结构为will be+过去分词，动词“取代”（replace）的过去分词是replaced；引出动作执行者“线上课程”需用介词by。故填will；be；replaced；by. 33．We will hold a traditional craft show next Friday. (改为被动语态) A traditional craft show by us next Friday. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】句意：下周五我们将举办一场传统工艺展。原句为一般将来时，其被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”，hold的过去分词为held。故填will；be；held。 34．那天将会进行很多有意义的活动。 Many meaningful activities that day. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“将会进行”，句子为一般将来时。hold“举行，进行”，动词；主语“Many meaningful activities”和动词“hold”之间是被动关系，所以此处需用一般将来时的被动语态，即will be done；hold的过去分词为held。故填will；be；held。 35．The concert will raise money for local charities. (改为被动语态) Money will by the concert for local charities. 【答案】 be raised 【详解】句意：音乐会将为当地的慈善机构筹集资金。根据“will”可知，原句时态为一般将来时，改为被动语态时，结构为“will be done”，raise“筹集”，是动词原形，过去分词是raised。故填be；raised。 36．He saw her enter the room.（改为被动语态）   → She enter the room. 【答案】 was seen to 【详解】句意：他看见她走进了房间。see sb. do sth.是感官动词see的常用结构，改为被动语态时要变成sb. be seen to do sth.；时态是一般过去时，主语“She”是第三人称单数，所以应用be动词was。故填was；seen；to。 37．The strong winds broke many windows. (改为被动语态) Many windows by the strong winds. 【答案】were broken 【详解】句意：强风打碎了许多窗户。原句为主动语态，其中主语是“The strong winds”，谓语动词是“broke”，宾语是“many windows”。改为被动语态时，宾语“many windows”变为被动句的主语，原句的谓语动词“broke”要变为被动形式“be broken”，由于原句时态为一般过去时，主语“many windows”为复数，所以be动词用were。其他部分保持不变。故填were broken。 38．We visited the Stone Forest last summer. (改为被动语态) The Stone Forest by us last summer. 【答案】 was visited 【详解】句意：去年夏天我们参观了石林。原句为一般过去时的主动语态，改为被动语态时，需将宾语“the Stone Forest”变为主语，谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构，时态保持不变。主语为单数，be动词需用过去式was，visit的过去分词为visited。故填was；visited。 39．My father made me write. （改为被动语态） I was by my father. 【答案】 made to write 【详解】句意：我被父亲强迫写（东西）。根据要求可知，要改为被动语态，made的被动语态形式是be made to do sth.“被迫做某事”，此处放于谓语动词was之后，故填made；to；write。 40．Boateng的故事被许多报纸报道过。 Boateng’s story in many newspapers. 【答案】 was reported 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“被报道”的英文表达。report“报道”，动词，主语“Boateng’s story”与report之间为被动关系，需用动词的被动语态，结合汉语提示“被报道过”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语“Boateng’s story”为第三人称单数，因此be动词用was，report的过去分词为reported。故填was；reported。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Arts and heritage 被动语态(2) （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 一般将来时和一般过去的被动语态 基本结构 be+Vpp 主被动转换 They clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned （by them）. 被动语态的使用 ①不知道动作的执行者。 ②没有必要指出动作的执行者。 ③强调动作的承受着。 ④句子主语是动作的承受者（往往是物，但也可能是人） 具体构成 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 clean/cleans is/am/are+cleaned 一般过去时 cleaned was/were cleaned 一般将来时 will clean will be cleaned be going to clean be going to be cleaned 注意事项 1.带双宾的谓语动词 有两种变换形式 She gave me a toy. I was given a toy. / A toy was given to me. 2.动词短语不可分割 We should take care of old people. Old people should be taken care of . 3.省 to 的不定式 see/hear/watch/feel/notice/let/make/have 变被动时，应加上 to My mother makes me stay at home. I am made to stay at home by my mother. 主动表被动 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut, burn,drive 等作不及物动词且主语为物时 This kind of shirt sells well. 2.look,sound,taste,smell 等系动词 School uniforms look ugly on us. 3.be worth doing This book is worth reading. 4.want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be done My car needs repairing. My car needs to be repaired. 一、单项选择(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 1．The story of Oliver Twist ________ on how poor people lived in London in the 1800s. A．bases B．based C．is based D．was based 2．This cultural site ________ the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000. A．added to B．was added to C．is added to 3．Luckily a little monkey ________ by some kind visitors yesterday. A．is saved B．was saved C．will be saved D．has been saved 4．An organization was ________ to help the children in poor areas. A．put up B．set up C．setting up D．built 5．Tea, one of the most popular drinks, ________ by accident in China. A．discovered B．is discovered C．will be discovered D．was discovered 6．When I was a kid, some of my pocket money ________ to buy stuffed toy animals. A．uses B．is used C．used D．was used 7．Nobody knows when the wheel ____________. A．invent B．invented C．was invented D．was inventing 8．The world’s first newspaper _________ by Romans. A．published B．was published C．kept D．was kept 9．—Your bedroom is very clean. —Thank you! It ________ an hour ago. A．clean B．will clean C．is cleaned D．was cleaned 10．I ________ ten minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A．gave B．was given C．was giving D．had given 11．A speech on Chinese culture ______ in the City Library next Sunday. A．was giving B．is given C．will give D．will be given 12．To reduce cyber risks (网络风险), personal information online will ________ carefully. A．protect B．be protected C．protected 13．We are very pleased to know that a new underground railway ________ in a few months. A．built B．will build C．was built D．will be built 14．—Do you know where the 2028 Summer Olympic Games ________? —In Los Angeles, America. A．is held B．was held C．will hold D．will be held 15．Some photos of the moon _________ in the Space Club next week. A．shows B．is showing C．will be shown 16．The new space station ________ by Chinese scientists next month. A．completes B．is completed C．will be completed 17．I like shopping online. When my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon. A．send B．will be sent C．will send 18．The Science Museum _________ to the public in 2026. A．opens B．opened C．is opened D．will be opened 19．These books ________ in two weeks’ time. A．are printed B．were printed C．will be printed D．print 20．Plenty of fresh local foods ________ at the farmers’ market soon, so we can enjoy them for the next few weeks. A．offered B．were offered C．will be offered D．are going to offer 二、单词拼写(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 21．She (remind) of her childhood by the old song she heard on the radio. 22．The Nobel Prize (award) to Röntgen for his discovery of X-rays. 23．The storybooks (write) by a famous writer in the 1960s. 24．My new novel (translate) into several foreign languages yesterday. 25．Last year, some English teachers in our school (invite) to go abroad for further education. 26．In 2030, a new park (build) here. We are looking forward to it. 27．The magazine (return) to the library in a week. 28．In the future, AI robots (need) by more and more people. 29．A highway (build) in our city next year, isn’t it? 30．The little girl （operate）on tomorrow afternoon. But she’s not nervous at all. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分) 31．将会需要太空导游来带领人们去月球以及更远的地方! Space tour guides to lead people to the moon and beyond! 32．我认为学校的课程在未来不会被线上课程取代。 I don’t think school classes online classes in the future. 33．We will hold a traditional craft show next Friday. (改为被动语态) A traditional craft show by us next Friday. 34．那天将会进行很多有意义的活动。 Many meaningful activities that day. 35．The concert will raise money for local charities. (改为被动语态) Money will by the concert for local charities. 36．He saw her enter the room.（改为被动语态）   → She enter the room. 37．The strong winds broke many windows. (改为被动语态) Many windows by the strong winds. 38．We visited the Stone Forest last summer. (改为被动语态) The Stone Forest by us last summer. 39．My father made me write. （改为被动语态） I was by my father. 40．Boateng的故事被许多报纸报道过。 Boateng’s story in many newspapers. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $