内容正文:
Unit 3 Comics and animation
一般现在时的被动语态
(时间:40分钟,满分:80分)
一、被动语态核心概念
定义:主语是动作的承受者(动作被施加在主语上),与主动语态(主语是动作执行者)相对。
主动:We clean the classroom every day.(我们每天打扫教室,we 是执行者)
被动:The classroom is cleaned by us every day.(教室每天被我们打扫,classroom 是承受者)
基本结构:be 动词 + 及物动词的过去分词(done)
be 动词随时态、人称、单复数变化;过去分词为固定形式(不规则需单独记忆)。
一般现在时的被动语态:
结构:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词(及物动词)。
例如:English is spoken all over the world.(全世界都讲英语。)“is spoken”体现了一般现在时的被动结构,“speak”是及物动词,其过去分词是“spoken”。
适用场景:
不知道动作执行者:The window was broken last night.(窗户昨晚被打碎了,不知谁打碎的)
不必强调执行者:English is spoken all over the world.(英语被全世界使用)
突出动作承受者:The book was written by Mo Yan.(这本书是莫言写的,突出书)
二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换(be done)
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
例如:主动句 We plant trees every year.(我们每年种树。)变为被动句 Trees are planted by us every year.(树每年被我们种。)“trees”原来是主动句中的宾语,变成被动句的主语了。
将主动语态的谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”的形式,要根据时态和主语的人称、数来确定be动词的形式。
将主动语态的主语变为“by + 主语(执行者)”的形式放在句末,如果动作执行者不重要或者没必要指出,可以省略。
We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态
一、单项选择(本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)
1.In our school, rubbish ________ every day.
A.collects B.collected C.is collected D.was collected
2.In many cultures, the ladybug _________ a symbol of good luck.
A.considers B.is considered C.is considering D.considered
3.Free breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 in this village.
A.provides B.provided
C.is provided D.was provided
4.—How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
—Thanks. It ________ every day.
A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaned
5.—Excuse me, could I park my car here?
—Sorry. Look at the sign. Parking ________ here.
A.isn’t allowing B.isn’t allowed C.doesn’t allow
6.—What language ________ in Canada, Jenny?
—English and French.
A.speak B.will speak C.is spoken D.will be spoken
7.—Let’s go to play soccer now, Jack.
—I’d like to, but I need at least one more hour before my project ________.
A.finishes B.is finished C.will finish D.will be finished
8.—How clean your car is!
—Thank you. It ______ three times a week.
A.is washed B.will wash C.was washed D.has washed
9.The World Cup is an international football competition that ________ every four years.
A.holds B.held C.is held D.was held
10.The earth ________ seven continents (洲).
A.was divided B.divided into C.is divided into D.divide from
11.— I’m tired of cleaning the house.
— Sweeping robots ________ more and more widely today. Why not buy one?
A.are used B.were used C.are using D.used
12.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer _________ in everyday English.
A.write B.written C.writes D.is written
13.Flowers ________ along the road every week.
A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted
14.The cormorant ______ by Damin every day.
A.looks after B.is looked C.is looked after D.was looked after
15.Nanchong ________ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A.knows B.is known C.was known D.will be known
16.—The T-shirt feels soft.
—Yes. It ________ cotton.
A.is made of B.is made in C.is made from D.is made by
17.Look! The land is ________white snow. How beautiful it is!
A.cover with B.covering by C.covered with D.cover by
18.—How clean your car is!
—Thank you. It ________ very often.
A.is washed B.washes C.was washed D.are washing
19.If I ________ to go abroad, I’ll go to Britain.
A.allow B.am allowed C.was allowed D.will allow
20.Many people ________ in the earthquake.
A.hurt B.hurts C.are hurt D.hurting
二、单词拼写(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
21.Chinese (speak) by more and more people around the world.
22.A library with 5,000 books (offer) to the nation as a gift.
23.With the development of our country, Chinese is (learn) in many other countries.
24.Yu Hua is an excellent writer and he is (know) to many people.
25.Students are (provide) with chances to show themselves during the art festival every term.
26.More and more trees (plant) every spring.
27.Chinese (teach) at more and more schools out of our country.
28.As far as I know, tea plants (grow) on the sides of mountains.
29.The scarf (make) of silk.
30.Huaqing Pool (visit) by many people every year.
三、完成句子(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分)
31.在许多文化里,瓢虫被认为是好运的象征。
In many cultures, the ladybug a symbol of good luck.
32.继续开展这项慈善工作需要更多的人力和财力。
More people and money are with the charity work.
33.People kill elephants for their tusks. (改为同义句)
Elephants for their tusks by people.
34.Astronauts do experiments in China’s space station.(改为被动语态)
Experiments in China’s space station by astronauts.
35.我们城市的日常生活垃圾需要分为四类。
The waste from daily life in our city is required to four groups.
36.如果老年人得不到足够的关注,他们可能会感到孤独。
If enough attention, they may feel lonely.
37.Repeating information helps improve memory.(改为被动语态)
Memory by repeating information.
38.世界杯每四年举行一次。
The World Cup every four years.
39.我们教室的窗户每周清洁一次。
The windows of our classroom once a week.
40.People grow tea in Hangzhou. (改为被动语态)
Tea by people in Hangzhou.
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Unit 3 Comics and animation
一般现在时的被动语态
(时间:40分钟,满分:80分)
一、被动语态核心概念
定义:主语是动作的承受者(动作被施加在主语上),与主动语态(主语是动作执行者)相对。
主动:We clean the classroom every day.(我们每天打扫教室,we 是执行者)
被动:The classroom is cleaned by us every day.(教室每天被我们打扫,classroom 是承受者)
基本结构:be 动词 + 及物动词的过去分词(done)
be 动词随时态、人称、单复数变化;过去分词为固定形式(不规则需单独记忆)。
一般现在时的被动语态:
结构:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词(及物动词)。
例如:English is spoken all over the world.(全世界都讲英语。)“is spoken”体现了一般现在时的被动结构,“speak”是及物动词,其过去分词是“spoken”。
适用场景:
不知道动作执行者:The window was broken last night.(窗户昨晚被打碎了,不知谁打碎的)
不必强调执行者:English is spoken all over the world.(英语被全世界使用)
突出动作承受者:The book was written by Mo Yan.(这本书是莫言写的,突出书)
二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换(be done)
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
例如:主动句 We plant trees every year.(我们每年种树。)变为被动句 Trees are planted by us every year.(树每年被我们种。)“trees”原来是主动句中的宾语,变成被动句的主语了。
将主动语态的谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”的形式,要根据时态和主语的人称、数来确定be动词的形式。
将主动语态的主语变为“by + 主语(执行者)”的形式放在句末,如果动作执行者不重要或者没必要指出,可以省略。
We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态
一、单项选择(本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)
1.In our school, rubbish ________ every day.
A.collects B.collected C.is collected D.was collected
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在我们学校,垃圾每天都被收集。
考查被动语态。collects收集(第三人称单数主动形式);collected收集(过去式主动形式);is collected被收集(一般现在时被动形式);was collected被收集(一般过去时被动形式)。根据句意,垃圾是被收集的对象,需用被动语态;时间状语“every day”表明动作是经常性发生的,应用一般现在时的被动语态“is collected”。故选C。
2.In many cultures, the ladybug _________ a symbol of good luck.
A.considers B.is considered C.is considering D.considered
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在许多文化中,瓢虫被认为是好运的象征。
考查被动语态。considers认为,第三人称单数主动形式;is considered被认为,被动语态;is considering正在考虑,现在进行时主动形式;considered认为,过去式主动形式。根据句意,瓢虫“被”视为好运的象征,主语“the ladybug”与动词“consider”之间为被动关系,应用被动语态“is considered”。故选B。
3.Free breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 in this village.
A.provides B.provided
C.is provided D.was provided
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个村子为60岁以上的人每天提供免费早餐。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“every day”可知,句子描述的是经常性的动作,应用一般现在时;主语“Free breakfast”与动词“provide”之间是被动关系,表示早餐被提供,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”,主语“Free breakfast”是第三人称单数,be动词用is,provide的过去分词是provided。故选C。
4.—How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
—Thanks. It ________ every day.
A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你的卧室多么干净整洁啊!——谢谢。它每天都被打扫。
考查被动语态。It指代卧室,与动词clean存在被动关系;再根据“every day”可知,时态为一般现在时,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为be done;It作主语,be动词用is。故选C。
5.—Excuse me, could I park my car here?
—Sorry. Look at the sign. Parking ________ here.
A.isn’t allowing B.isn’t allowed C.doesn’t allow
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——对不起,我可以把车停在这里吗?——对不起。看这个标志。这里不允许停车。
考查被动语态。主语“Parking”和所给谓语动词allow构成动宾关系,应用被动语态,根据句意知用一般现在时,其构成为“am/is/are done”,故选B。
6.—What language ________ in Canada, Jenny?
—English and French.
A.speak B.will speak C.is spoken D.will be spoken
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——珍妮,加拿大说什么语言?——英语和法语。
考查动词时态。根据“What language…in Canada”可知此处在询问事实,需用一般现在时,排除B/D;主语是“language”与“speak”之间存在被动关系,需用结构be done。故选C。
7.—Let’s go to play soccer now, Jack.
—I’d like to, but I need at least one more hour before my project ________.
A.finishes B.is finished C.will finish D.will be finished
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——杰克,现在咱们去踢足球吧。——我很想去,但在我的项目完成之前,我至少再需要一个小时。
考查动词时态。分析句子可知,该句为before引导的时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时;从句的主语“project”是动词“finish”的动作承受者,需用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“is/am/are+过去分词”。故选B。
8.—How clean your car is!
—Thank you. It ______ three times a week.
A.is washed B.will wash C.was washed D.has washed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你的车真干净!——谢谢。一周洗三次。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“How clean your car is!”及“It ... three times a weck.”可知,It指代前文说的“car”,与谓语wash之间是动宾关系,且由“three times a week.”可知,时态是一般现在时,因此空处用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done,主语是三单,be用is。故选A。
9.The World Cup is an international football competition that ________ every four years.
A.holds B.held C.is held D.was held
【答案】C
【详解】句意:世界杯是一项国际足球比赛,每四年举行一次。
考查被动语态及动词时态。主语The World Cup和动词hold之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,世界杯被举行,故为被动语态。结合“every four years”可知,时态是一般现在时。故选C。
10.The earth ________ seven continents (洲).
A.was divided B.divided into C.is divided into D.divide from
【答案】C
【详解】句意:地球被分成七大洲。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语The earth和谓语divide存在逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态(be+过去分词),be divided into“被分成……”;陈述的是一个事实,所以句子是一般现在时,be动词用is。故选C。
11.— I’m tired of cleaning the house.
— Sweeping robots ________ more and more widely today. Why not buy one?
A.are used B.were used C.are using D.used
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我厌倦了打扫房子。——如今,扫地机器人的应用越来越广泛。为什么不买一个呢?
考查被动语态及时态。根据句子结构,主语“Sweeping robots”与动词“use”为动宾关系,故应用被动语态,C、D选项可排除。根据句中“today”提示,空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为“am/is/are+动词过去分词”,主语为复数,be动词用are,故选A。
12.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer _________ in everyday English.
A.write B.written C.writes D.is written
【答案】D
【详解】句意:《汤姆索亚历险记》是用日常英语写的。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。write写,动词原形;written写,过去分词;writes写,动词write的三单形式;is written被写,用于一般现在时的被动语态。句子的主语The Adventures of Tom Sawyer与动词write存在逻辑上的被动关系,句子应用一般现在时,因此句子采用一般现在时态的被动语态,其谓语结构是:am/is/are/+过去分词。主语The Adventures of Tom Sawyer为第三人称单数,be动词应用is,动词write的过去分词为written。故选D。
13.Flowers ________ along the road every week.
A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted
【答案】C
【详解】句意:沿路每周都种花。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据时间状语“every week”可知,本句描述现在经常性的动作,应用一般现在时。主语是“Flowers”,空处动词plant是谓语动词,主谓之间是被动关系,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。
14.The cormorant ______ by Damin every day.
A.looks after B.is looked C.is looked after D.was looked after
【答案】C
【详解】句意:鸬鹚每天都由Damin照顾。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“The cormorant…by Damin”可知鸬鹚是被Damin照顾,look after“照顾”需要用被动语态,由“every day”可知原句是一般现在时,故选C。
15.Nanchong ________ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A.knows B.is known C.was known D.will be known
【答案】B
【详解】句意:南充作为丝绸之都被人们所熟知,游客们喜欢在那里买丝绸。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Nanchong...as the City of Silk.”可知,此处应表示南充作为丝绸之都被人们所熟知,主语Nanchong和动词know之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,可用be known as...“作为……被人们所熟知/而著名”,且句子阐述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,此时be动词应用is。故选B。
16.—The T-shirt feels soft.
—Yes. It ________ cotton.
A.is made of B.is made in C.is made from D.is made by
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——T恤衫换起来很柔软。——是的。它是绵质的。
考查一般现在时被动语态和动词短语辨析。is made of由……制成(看得出原材料);is made in由某地制造;is made from由……制成(看不出原材料);is made by被某人制造。根据空格后的cotton可知,应用is made of,意为“由……制成”,表示看得出原材料。故选A。
17.Look! The land is ________white snow. How beautiful it is!
A.cover with B.covering by C.covered with D.cover by
【答案】C
【详解】句意:看!地面被白雪覆盖着。它是多么漂亮啊!
考查被动和介词。本句主语“the land”和谓语动词“cover”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,be covered with意为“被……覆盖”,符合语境。故选C。
18.—How clean your car is!
—Thank you. It ________ very often.
A.is washed B.washes C.was washed D.are washing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你的车真干净!——谢谢。它经常被洗。
考查被动语态。is washed一般现在时的被动语态;washes动词第三人称单数形式,一般现在时;was washed一般过去时的被动语态;are washing现在进行时。“it”指代“car”,是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态;由“very often”可知应当用一般现在时。故选A。
19.If I ________ to go abroad, I’ll go to Britain.
A.allow B.am allowed C.was allowed D.will allow
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果我被允许出国,我将去英国。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句含有if引导的条件状语从句,需满足“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时,排除CD选项;主语是动作的承受者,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。
20.Many people ________ in the earthquake.
A.hurt B.hurts C.are hurt D.hurting
【答案】C
【详解】句意:许多人在地震中受伤。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。hurt动词原形;hurts三单形式;are hurt一般现在时的被动语态;hurting动名词。主语Many people与动词hurt之间是被动关系,因此应该用被动语态。故选C。
二、单词拼写(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
21.Chinese (speak) by more and more people around the world.
【答案】is spoken
【详解】句意:世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。根据“by”以及提示词可知,此处需要使用被动语态表示“汉语被人讲”,且句子描述一般事实,应该使用一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为am/is/are done,主语“Chinese (汉语)”为单数,谓语动词也要用单数。故填is spoken。
22.A library with 5,000 books (offer) to the nation as a gift.
【答案】is offered
【详解】句意:一座藏书五千册的图书馆作为礼物被捐赠给了国家。该句描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语是“A library with 5,000 books”,图书馆是“被赠予”的对象,因此需用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is offered。
23.With the development of our country, Chinese is (learn) in many other countries.
【答案】learned/learnt
【详解】句意:随着我国的发展,汉语正在许多其他国家被学习。根据题干可知,中文被其他国家学习,这里应用被动语态结构,learn应该用过去分词learned或learnt。故填learned/learnt。
24.Yu Hua is an excellent writer and he is (know) to many people.
【答案】known
【详解】句意:余华是一位优秀的作家,很多人都知道他。know知道,动词原形;“be known to”意为“为……所熟知”。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少谓语;“he”和“know”之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示“他被熟知”,所以此处要用一般现在时的被动语态,且is已经给出来了,故填known。
25.Students are (provide) with chances to show themselves during the art festival every term.
【答案】provided
【详解】句意:学期的艺术节都为学生提供展示自我的机会。根据句意可知,provide与主语Students为动宾关系,应用被动语态。故填provided。
26.More and more trees (plant) every spring.
【答案】are planted
【详解】句意:每年春天种的树越来越多。根据“every spring”可知,时态为一般现在时;主语trees和谓语plant之间是被动关系,因此用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are planted。
27.Chinese (teach) at more and more schools out of our country.
【答案】is taught
【详解】句意:在我们国家之外越来越多的学校教授中文。主语Chinese和谓语teach之间是被动关系,此处描述现在的情况,用一般现在时的被动语态,be动词用is。故填is taught。
28.As far as I know, tea plants (grow) on the sides of mountains.
【答案】are grown
【详解】句意:据我所知,茶树生长在山的两侧。根据“As far as I know, tea plants...on the sides of mountains.”可知,主语tea plants和动词grow是动宾关系,应用被动语态,结合语境,句子时态为一般现在时,所以句子应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are grown。
29.The scarf (make) of silk.
【答案】is made
【详解】句意:这条围巾是丝绸做的。silk表示材质,且看得出原材料,主语The scarf与动词make存在被动关系,此处应用be made of表示“由……制成”,句子应用一般现在时,因此be动词用is。故填is made。
30.Huaqing Pool (visit) by many people every year.
【答案】is visited
【详解】句意:华清池每年都有许多人参观。根据every year可知,时态是一般现在时,主语Huaqing Pool和动词visit“参观”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,所以空处应用一般现在时的被动语态,结构是:am/is/are+动词过去分词,主语Huaqing Pool表示单数,应用be动词is,visit的过去分词是visited。故填is visited。
三、完成句子(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分)
31.在许多文化里,瓢虫被认为是好运的象征。
In many cultures, the ladybug a symbol of good luck.
【答案】 is regarded as
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“被认为是”,固定表达为be regarded as,句子用一般现在时,主语是单数“the ladybug”,be动词用is。故填is;regarded;as。
32.继续开展这项慈善工作需要更多的人力和财力。
More people and money are with the charity work.
【答案】 needed to carry on
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“需要”和“继续开展”。句子是一般现在时的被动语态,其结构是“be + done”,need“需要”,其过去分词是needed;carry on with sth.“继续开展某事”,此处用动词不定式作主语补足语。故填needed;to;carry;on。
33.People kill elephants for their tusks. (改为同义句)
Elephants for their tusks by people.
【答案】 are killed
【详解】句意:人们为了象牙而捕杀大象。改为同义句需使用被动语态,句子时态为一般现在时,主语elephants是复数,被动语态结构为“are + 动词过去分词”,kill的过去分词是killed。故填are;killed。
34.Astronauts do experiments in China’s space station.(改为被动语态)
Experiments in China’s space station by astronauts.
【答案】 are done
【详解】句意:宇航员们在中国空间站做实验。根据原句“Astronauts do experiments in China’s space station.”以及改写要求可知,句子时态为一般现在时,改为被动语态,应用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词,主语“Experiments”为复数,be动词用are,do的过去分词为done。故填are;done。
35.我们城市的日常生活垃圾需要分为四类。
The waste from daily life in our city is required to four groups.
【答案】 be divided into
【详解】根据中英文提示可知,此处表达“分为(四类)”,使用“be divided into”这一短语;“is required to”后接动词原形,此处需用被动结构表示垃圾“被分为”,故填be;divided;into。
36.如果老年人得不到足够的关注,他们可能会感到孤独。
If enough attention, they may feel lonely.
【答案】 the elderly aren’t given
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“老年人得不到”。英文中“老年人”常用the elderly表示;“得不到”意为“未被给予”,主语“老年人”与动词“给予”构成被动关系,需用被动语态aren’t given,表示一般现在时的否定被动。故填the;elderly;aren’t;given。
37.Repeating information helps improve memory.(改为被动语态)
Memory by repeating information.
【答案】 is improved
【详解】句意:重复信息有助于提高记忆力。被动语态的结构为“be+过去分词”,句子时态为一般现在时,主语为“Memory”,be动词用is;improve的过去分词为improved。故填is;improved。
38.世界杯每四年举行一次。
The World Cup every four years.
【答案】takes place/is held
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,“举行”对应的英文表达为take place或hold。句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语The World Cup为第三人称单数。若使用take place,其第三人称单数形式为takes place;若使用hold,此处需用被动语态is held。故填takes place/is held。
39.我们教室的窗户每周清洁一次。
The windows of our classroom once a week.
【答案】 are cleaned
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“被清洁”。clean“清洁”为动词,主语The windows of our classroom与clean之间为被动关系,根据“once a week.”可知,需一般现在时的被动语态,其结构为be done,主语为复数,be动词用are,动词clean的过去分词为cleaned。故填are;cleaned。
40.People grow tea in Hangzhou. (改为被动语态)
Tea by people in Hangzhou.
【答案】is grown
【详解】句意:杭州人种茶。根据原句可知,时态为一般现在时;被动语态的一般结构为“be+动词的过去分词”,主语Tea为第三人称单数形式,be动词用is,grow的过去分词为grown。故填is grown。
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