天津河西区2025-2026学年上学期高三英语试卷(二) 即期末考试

高三年级英语听力试题。英语听力测试由试卷A和试卷B两套试卷组成，每套试卷各15小题，满分各为20分。考生依次作答两套试卷。试卷A。第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的AB、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。Text one, don't blame yourself too much. Starting at one P, M, is really too early for an afternoon class. Actually, the class was rescheduled to two P, M, but I was still thirty minutes late yesterday. Text too. Would you mind coming over and having a look at my roses? IT seems something is wrong with them. sure. But could you pick me up? My car is in the shop right now. Text three, I was sorry to hear about bills being fired. I know he was sick a lot and that he usually got to work late . IT wasn't that bill made a big mistake in his financial report and his boss got very angry. Text for how did you do in your chinese studies class? The class was great, and I learned a lot, but professor only gave me a sea. Didn't I tell you he was very strict? Text five, can I return this C, D player? I lost the receipt when I had my coat washed. Sorry, we don't provide reference. Can I exchange IT for something else? I am afraid not, since you have lost the resist. 第一节到此结束，第二节听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段材料读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第六至第八小题。Text six, have you got a minute, Susan? I'd like to have a word with you. Yes, of course, I thought . we arranged to meet last night. Ah, yes, i'm really sorry about that. I was just coming to see . you to explain. You could have . found and put off the appointment Victory. My aunt phoned and told me that my brother had been involved in an accident. I was so worried that I completely forgot about meeting you. Oh, i'm so sorry. I didn't realize. Is your brother all right? He's still in hospital. I am so sorry I got angry. That's all right. If I were in your place, I would have been angry too. Have you got a minute, Susan? I'd like to have a word with you. Yes, of course. I thought we arranged to meet last night. Uh, yes, i'm really sorry about that. I was just coming . to see you to explain. You have vainly, I have told me that my brother had been involved in an accident. I was so worried that I completely forgot about . meeting you. Oh, i'm so sorry I didn't realize. Is your brother right? He's still in hospital. I am so sorry. I got angry. That's all right. If I were in your place, I would have been angry too. 听下面一段对话，回答第九至第十一小题。Text, seven mom, my old bicycle needs to be repaired again. You know, I would like to buy one of those . mountain bikes. Well, how much do they cost? At least three hundred pounds. Where can I find . that kind of money? You could save the money. If you save five pounds a week, you could have the money you need in. Let me see, just over a year. just over a year. But I want a new bike now. It's something I really need. I mean, I use my bike to go to college every day. But what's so special about a mountain bike? Why do you have to have one of those? There are tiny mountains around here. Isn't an ordinary bike cheaper? I don't know. Oh, I suppose you can get quite a good one for about to one hundred and fifty pounds. Well, that sounds more reasonable. If you save five pounds a week, you'll have enough money in about eight months. That won't help me to get college next time. I really think you should learn to save some money. If you manage to save one hundred pounds, i'll give you the rest. That way you will be riding a new bike in a few months going, get the old one repaired and . bring the bill to me. thanks. I suppose i'll to my old back a little oner. Mum, my old bicycle needs to be repaired again. You know, I would like to buy one of those . mountain bikes. Well, how much do they cost? At least three hundred pounds. Where can I find that . kind of money? You could save the money if you save five pounds a week, you could have the money you need in. Let me see, just over a year. just over a year. But I want a new bike. now. It's something I really need. I mean, I use my bike to go to college every day. But what's so special about a mountain bike? Why do you have to have one of those? There are tiny mountains around here. Isn't an ordinary . bike cheaper? I don't know. I suppose you can get quite a good one for about to one . hundred and fifty pounds. Well, that sounds more reasonable. If you save five pounds a week, you'll have enough money in about eight months. That won't help me to get to college next time. I really think you should learn to save some money. If you manage to save one hundred pounds, i'll give you the rest. That way you will be riding a new bike in a few months going, get the old one repaid and bring . the bill to me. Thanks, mom. I suppose i'll just hold on to my old bike a little longer. 听下面一段独白，回答第十二至第十五小题。Text date whenever i've asked my vegetarian friends if IT was hard to become a vegetarian, they always made IT seem like IT was easy. They've even encouraged me to have a try. Recently, a website that II like started a chAllenge, which was not to eat meat for a week. I decided to have a try the first day, which was a saturday was hard. My sister cooked breakfast, watching my mom and sister put the slices of meat into their mouth. I really wanted to eat some too, but I controlled myself on monday, I was about to eat some instant egg noodles, but then I realized that even if IT was just noodles, I still couldn't eat IT because I had chicken. And on tuesday for lunch, my mom cold, what we thought was a vegetarian friendly dish, but IT required a special kind of salt made out of shelf. Sh, so I cooked myself from eggplant instead. Most of the time I ate vegetables and cheese pizzas. I missed eating meat so much, but a family dinner at a restaurant showed me that there were other vegetarian friendly options. After reading there, I started to explore vegetarian foods other than cheese pizzas. Whenever i've asked my vegetarian friends if IT was hard to become a vegetarian, they always made IT seem like IT was easy. They've even encouraged me to have a try. Recently, a website that I like started a chAllenge, which was not to eat meat for a week. I decided to have a try. The first day, which was a saturday was hard. My sister cooked breakfast, watching my mom and sister put the slices of meat into their mouse. I really wanted to eat some too, but I control myself. On monday, I was about to to eat some instant egg noodles, but then I realized that even if IT was just noodles, I still couldn't eat IT because I had chicken. And on tuesday for lunch, my mom cooked what we thought was a vegetarian friendly dish. But IT required a special kind of salt made out of shelf sh, so I cooked myself from egg ant instead. Most of the time I ate vegetables and cheese, I missed eating meat so much, but a family dinner at a restaurant showed me that there were other vegetarian friendly options. After reading there, I started to explore vegetarian foods other than cheese pizzas. 第二节到此结束，现在你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。A卷作答结束，接下来你将有60秒的时间进行A卷听力题答案的检查，检查结束后进入闭卷作答。试卷B。第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的AB、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅。读一遍。Text one, right? Where should we go now? We've just seen the church and modern exhibition. I don't know what else is here. How about some shops? I could buy something to take back for the kids. Text, too. Did you enjoy the concert last night? Yes, very much. I was really different, but I was forty five minutes late when I got to the theater. IT was already eight, forty. Text three, what can I do for you? I need a new assistant. What do you think of Peter? You used to go to school with him, right? Text for the biology class next monday has been replaced by a chemistry . class next. I'm not prepared for that. Text five, i've had IT with your attitude. You're the one who is acting like a child. I just said that I didn't want to see that stupid moving. but you promised we'd watch the movie together. If you don't come with me, i'll be really angry. 第一节到此结束。第二节听下面几段材料，每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段材料读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第六至第八小题。Text six, it's already six o'clock now. You came back really late. Well. there were too many animals to see at the zoo. I just couldn't get through any faster. So what impressed you the most? The lions? They were pretty scary. I didn't dare stand too close to them, so I just watch them from a distance. That was a good decision. There have been reports of lions at the zoo s attacking visitors sometimes. So what did you think with the cute s animals at the zoo? Oh, definitely the pandas. I really loved watching them. They were so cute. The monkeys were cute too. Did you see any of the birds there? Sure, going through that tunnel with the birds was really cool. One landed on my hand. Birds are lovely. yes, but I was a little nervous that they might attack me. Parents have really . hard beaks. You be such a chicken. It's already six o'clock now. You came back really late. Well. there were too many animals to see at the zoo. I just couldn't get through any faster. So what impressed you the most? The lions? They were pretty scary. I didn't dare stand too close to them, so I just watch them from a distance. That was a good decision. There been reports of lions at the zoo s attacking visitors sometimes. So what did you think with the cute s animals at the zoo? Oh, definitely the pandas. I really loved watching them. They were so cute. The monkeys were cute too. Did you see any of the birds there? Sure, going through that tunnel with the birds was really cool. One on my hand. Birds are lovely. yes, but I was a little nervous that they might attack me. Parrots have really hard beaks, you know. you shouldn't be such a chicken. 听下面一段对话，回答第九至第十一小题。Text seven, i'd like to confirm your educational background. Miss Shelly, your major was english. Wasn't IT right? I graduated from new york university. fine. And could you please tell me about your work experience? Well, i'm working for single airlines at the moment in the sun franco office. What is your job . that now I work in the sales promotion department. Would you mind . telling me your present salary? I making two thousand two hundred and eighty dollars a month at present, and I believe that your starting salary for this position is about two thousand six hundred . dollars a month. That's right. I was hoping to ask about whether your company provides any opportunities for . further education. Yes, our employees are allowed to take up six hours a week on full pay to attend college courses. I'd like to confirm your educational background. Miss elly, your major was english. Wasn't IT right? I graduated from new york university. fine. And could you please tell me about your work experience? Well. i'm working for single airlines at the moment in their sancto office. And what is your job that now . I work in the sales promotion department? Would you mind . telling me your present salary? I making two thousand two hundred and eighty dollars a month at present, and I believe that you're starting salary for this position is about two thousand six hundred . dollars a month. That's right. I was hoping to ask about whether your company provides any opportunities for . further education. Yes, our employees are allowed to take up six hours a week on full pay to attend college courses. 听下面一段独白，回答第十二至第十五小题。Text eight a live changing moment in my life happened on december twenty fourth, two thousand and twelve. On that day, I purchased my bike. I have always been a lazy kid who never participated in any type of physical activity. I was extremely overweight, almost three hundred pounds. Being able to grab the bike and take IT for a ride was difficult. I didn't know where to ride. I didn't have anyone to ride with or to encourage me. I would ride my bike for twenty minutes, and i'd be exhausted. But little by little, I became less exhausted, and my family noticed weight loss. Later, I met some friends who also rode bikes during the summer of two thousand and thirteen. Our goal for the summer was to just right. We would go on long rides and only stop to eat or sleep in the middle of the summer, I had a doctor's appointment. I wait in, and the doctor told me I had lost twenty pounds. I was proud of myself. I was expLoring the world, losing weight and gaining self confidence by riding a bike. By the end of the summer, I had lost fifty pounds. Cycling has changed my life. A live changing moment in my life happened on december twenty fourth, two thousand and twelve. On that day, I purchase my bike. I had always been a lazy kid who never participated in any type of physical activity. I was extremely overweight, almost three hundred pounds. Being able to grab the bike and take IT for a ride was difficult. I didn't know where to ride. I didn't have anyone to ride with or to encourage me. I would ride my bike for twenty minutes, and i'd be exhAusting. But little by little, I became less exhausted, and my family noticed weight loss. Later, I met some friends who also rode bikes during the summer of two thousand and thirteen. I'll go for the summer was to just ride. We would go on long rides and only stop to eat or sleep. In the middle of the summer, I had a doctor appointment. I wait in and the doctor told me I had lost twenty pounds. I was proud of myself. I was expLoring the world, losing weight and gaining self confidence by riding a bike. By the end of the summer, I had lost fifty pounds. Cycling has changed my life. 第二节到此结束，现在你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。闭卷作答结束，接下来你将有60秒的时间进行闭卷听力题答案的检查，检查结束后完成考试。听力考试全部结束。 高三年级英语参考答案（二） 单项填空 1-5 BBADA 6-10AACCA 11-15 DABDD 完型填空 16-20 DABCD 21-25 AACDB 26-30 ABACC 31-35 DDBCB 阅读理解 36-40 CDDAB 41-45 DACBA 46-50 DBCBA 51-55 BACCB 阅读表达 56.To empower the community by teaching economic development,job training and a healthicr way of living 57.Diseases./Illnesses. 58.People don't have access to healthy food./The lack of healthy food. 59.The urban garden./The local produce. 60.It's meaningful.It empowers the community.promotes healthy living and helps youth grow through farming programs. 书面表达 61.Distinguished guests, Embracing Tradition in a Modern World In our fast-paced modern society,the question of how to deal with traditional culture has sparked widespread discussion.Among various Chinese traditions,I believe the custom of family reunions during the Spring Festival is most worthy of preservation. This centuries-old tradition,centered on sharing a lavish New Year's Eve dinner and exchanging good wishes,strengthens family bonds and reinforces our cultural identity. However.in modern times.it faces undeniable challenges.With young people migrating for work or study,physical reunions become difficult.Meanwhile.digital greetings,while convenient,lack the warmth of face-to-face interaction.Some even view traditional rituals as outdated. Despite these challenges,the core value of the tradition-emphasizing family,gratitude, and hope-remains profoundly significant.To better pass it on to my generation,I propose we blend tradition with innovation.Schools and communities should organize experiential activities,like writing couplets or making dumplings,to make traditions engaging.Most importantly,elders can share storics behind the customs,helping us appreciate the spiritual essence rather than just follow routines. In conclusion,by creatively adapting and actively participating,we can ensure this precious tradition continues to thrive,connecting the past with our dynamic present. 听力答案 试卷A 1-5 ACCAA 6-10 BABCB 11-15 CBBCB 试卷B 1-5 CABBB 6-10ACAAC 11-15 CACBA 笏1前共1高三英语（二) 英语笔试 本试卷分为第1卷（选择题）和第川卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时 100分钟。第1卷1至10页，第川卷11至12页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试 用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。 祝各位考生考试顺利！ 第I卷 注意事项： 1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡 皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2.本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-I'm thinking of signing up for the marathon next month You haven't run in years. A.Why not B.How come C So what D.What if 2.It really annoys me that whenever I have important issues to deal with,something unexpecte always keeps getting. A.in sight B.in the way C.around the corner D.out of danger 3.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we can lear without repeating them. A.from which B.in which C.with whom D.for whom 4.-Will you take my previous experience intowhen you fix my salary? -You bet.We always do that for senior level positions. A.mind B.thought C.reference D.account 5.in a remote village for decades,the.elderly artist found the city's pace of I overwhelming. A.Having lived B.Lived C.To live D.Living 高三年级英语式倦第】页共2页 6.It's widely acknowledged:that a positive.attitude greatly to one's success and happiness. A.contributes B.attaches C.links D.attracts 7.-I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. -Well,you never know!You a better impression than you think. A.may have made B.should have made C.couldn't have made D.needn't have made 8.Anyone who is found cheating will automatically the opportunity to participate in the competition. A.be awarded with B.be intended for C.be disqualified from D.be impressed with 9.-The final examination is around the comer.I couldn't go out and play football with you -Come on.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. A.Be all ears B.It's a piece of cake C.Don't be a wet blanket D.Don't pull my leg 10.The development of new media, from the Internet to digital television,means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to'catch the public's attention. A.ranging B.ranges C:ranged D.to range 11.-How about going camping this weekend? -I'd love to,but my schedule is full.Maybe next time. A.tightly B.roughly C.slightly D.fairly 12.We should give the task to is most capable and reliable. A.whoever B.whomever C.who D.whom 13,She to finish her project before the deadline,but unexpected technical problems occurred,causing a delay in her schedule. A.has planned B.had planned C.planned D.would plan 14.The key to learning a language well lies not only in remembering rules but in theuse of it. A.intelligent B.rewarding C.factual D.practical 15. some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of failure A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While 高三布级英语试卷第2次共2负 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1：5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。 When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say"sorry,16 number!"and move on.But when Dennis Williams 17 a text that clearly wasn't intended for him,he did something 18. On March 19,Dennis got a group text 19 him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital,waiting for the 20 of a baby. "Congratulations!But I think someone was mistaken,"Dennis 21.The baby was bom and update texts were_22 quickly from the overjoyed grandmother,Teresa.In her23, she didn't seem to realize that she was 24 the baby's photos with a complete stranger."Well, I don't 25 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,"replied Dennis before asking which room the new 26 were in. Much to the family's surprise,Dennis stuck to his 27.!He turned up at the hospital 28 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindsey's husband,was totally.29 by the unexpected visit."I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 30 it and the gifts. Teresa 31 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website32 by the touching words:"What a 33 this young man was to our family!He was so 34 and kin to do this."The post has since gained the 35 of social media users all over the world receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days. 16.A.unlucky B.secret C.new D.wrong 17.A.received B.translated C.copied D.printed 18.A.reasonable B.special C.necessary D.practical 19.A.convincing B.reminding C.informing D.warning 20.A.wake-up B.recovery C.growth D.arrival 21.A.responded B.interrupted C.predicted D.repeated 22.A.coming B.setting out C.passing down D.moving around 23.A.opinion B.anxiety C.excitement D.effort 24.A.comparing B.exchanging C.discussing D.sharing 25.A.accept B.know C.believe D.bother 26.A.parents B.doctors C.patients D.visitors 27.A.dream B.promise C.agenda D.principle 高三尔级英语试卷第3页共12贞 28.A.bearing B.collecting C.opening D.making 29.A.discouraged B.relaxed C.astonished D.defeated 80,A.admit B.need C.appreciate D.expect 31.A.found B.selected C.developed D.posted 32.A.confirmed B.simplified C.clarified D.accompanied 33.A.pity B.blessing C.relier D.problem 34.A.smart B.calm C.sweel D,fair 35.A.sympathy B.attention C.control D.trust 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A History Fair Competition Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting,engaging,and fun! This Year's Theme All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history.To many people,technology means computers,hand-held devices,or vehicles that travel to distant planets.However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,touching lives in countless ways Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories: 。Performance ·Documentary(纪实作品) ·Essay Writing Category Requirements Performance:A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long.If special clothes are used,they should truly represent a given period Documentary:A visual presentation(such as a video,slide show,or computer project)no more than 10 minutes long.A desktep computer,screen,projector,and loudspeakers will be available.Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday,March 23. Essay Writing:An academic paper of 2000 to 2500 words.No illustrations are allowed. Please do not include covers.A list of references must be included. 高三尔级英语试伦第4页共12页 Important Dates January 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher.The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear. February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay,performance script(),or documentary highlights. February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.Students then have an opportunity to improve their products. March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay. 8 March 15 Performance and documentary committee preview. March 24 Thomnton Middle School History Fair Competition 7:00 A.M.-9:00 A.M.Participants signing in at the gym: 10:00 A.M.-6:00 P.M.Competition and judges'review. 7:00 P.M.Awards-ceremony and picnic. 36.According to.Paragraph I,what is the major goal of understanding history? A To preserve national traditions. B.To prepare for a history competition. C.To better know the present and future. 7 D.To further explore historical mysteries. 37.What is the theme of this year's competition? A.Technology advances science. B.Science interacts with technology. C.Science has made the study of history easy. D.Technology has improved the life of Americans. 38.Among the'items provided by the school for a visual presentation are. A:special clothes and a screen B.a desktop computer and a CD C.a projector and special clothes 3 D.a desktop computer and loudspeakers 89.What would a participant have to do with an essay of,1500 words to meet the category requirement? A.Include more information in the essay. B.Remove the references. C Provide a cover for the essay. D.Explain the details with illustrations. 高三布级英语试俗第5页共12贞 40.What will the committee of teachers do on February 19? A.Preview performances and documentaries. B.Make comments on the materials. C.Improve the participant's first draft. D.Collect a second proposal from the participant. B Yesterday,after arriving in Madrid,I knocked on a stranger's door."I searched on the website.Will you give me lessons?"I asked.This was the reason I'd come to Spain.Because I once believed I was meant to be a female flamenco(弗拉门戈)guitarist. Forty-five years ago,when I was two,my father also came to Madrid and knocked on strangers'doors.As a well-known classical guitarist,he admired flamenco a lot,and in Spain, he learnt from anyone willing to teach him.He approached performers in bars,made friends with street musicians,and managed to study with Paco de Lucia,the greatest flamenco guitarist of our time. I started playing classical guitar when I was five.My father's hands exploded across the strings like fireworks.I practised while he instructed and criticized.I played till I had sharp pain in my fingertips.By age seven,I was called a child genius. Then,at 11.I quit.Heartbroken,my father distanced himself.Guiltily,I followed suit. Soon,we spoke only when necessary.Our relationship didn't rebound until,in my early 20s, I found myself pulled back to guitar.When I was in my early 30s,he got sick.A few years before he died,my father told me there were almost no female flamenco guitarists in the world. If Ikept practicing,I could be one ofthe first.I promised,and he left me his guitar.But after he died,I couldn't bear to play it.He'd spent so much time with his arms around that instrument, and it seemed an extension of his own body.Holding it gave my grief an unbearable tangibility ()So for 13 years,it sat mostly untouched,coming out only when my son Ellis begged to see it.He was careful with his grandfather's instrument in a way that made me want to pass it down to him-both the guitar and the music.The problem was that I couldn't really play anymore. Now,Antonia is sitting with me in her living room,teaching me patiently.I have been here for only two days,and already my fingers hurt.It's a sharp pain,like when a fallen-asleep limb (returns to life.The fecling delights me.It means I'm doing something right. 41.Which can best describe the father when he was leaming flamenco? A.Cautious. B.Hopeless. C.Depressed. D.Devoted. 42.Which has the similar meaning with the underlined word "rebound"in paragraph 4? A.Improve. B.Break. C.Suffer. D.Blossom. 高三尔级英谐试爸第6贞共12贞 43.Why did the author leave the guitar untouched? A.She intended to pass it down to her son. B.It reminded her of her father's strict teaching. C.Deep sorrow drowned her at the sight of it. D.Carrying it made her feel a sense of burden 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Guitar Lessons From Strangers B.Love for Father on the String Again C.Adventures for Music Lovers in Spain D.Journey to Success as a Flamenco Guitarist 45.What does "the feeling delights me"suggest about the author? A.She enjoys the pain of learning B.She is worried about her progress. C.She dislikes Antonia's teaching. D.She wants to quit playing soon. C Predictive coding,a theory originally developed in neuroscience and machine learning,is changing our understanding of the human brain.It proposes that the brain is not a simple receiver of sensory information but an active "prediction machine".Instead of processing every detail from the beginning,our brains constantly make models of the world and guess what we will see,hear,or feel next.The difference between these predictions and the actual sensory input-termed the "prediction error"-is the only information the brain needs to change its internal models.This efficient system explains why we can easily recognize a friend's face in a crowd or understand a sentence even with background noise. However,.this smart efficiency comes with cognitive trade-.ofs(认知的平衡).A core idea of predictive coding is that perception is in its nature a controlled false image,heavily shaped by what we already believe.This can lead to built-in biases.For instance,in a famous experiment, participants shown a not clear image of a bicycle were later more likely to wrongly recognize similar but not present objects like'unicycles,because their brain's prediction-based on the common idea"wheeled vehicle"was stronger than the unclear sensory data.Such findings challenge the simple view of perception as an objective camera,suggesting instead that what we "see"is a best guess made by our neural system. The effects go beyond optical illusions(视觉幻觉)into social cognition.Research shows that stereotypes(刻版印象)and cultural expectations work as powerful prior beliefs within the Predictive coding system.When we meet someone from a group we have ideas about,our brain 高三年级英谱试倦第7页共2贞 may reduce prediction errors by ignoring information that goes against our expectations, thereby making stronger pre-existing biase8.This neural way of working provides a physical basis for"confirmation bias,"showing how our search for cognitive efficiency can accidentally continue social misunderstanding8. Importantly,the brain's predictive system is not a fixed fate,Neuroplasticity(钟经可塑性) makes sure that with continued,attention-driven contact to new and opposite evidence,the brain's models can be changed.This is the scientific basis of learning and mindfulness practices. By purposely paying attention to prediction errorg-those moments when reality surprises us-we can make our intemal models change,leading to more correct perceptions and less prejudice.Thus,predictive coding not only explains the beginnings of our biases but also shows a way toward overcoming them;describing the mind as a changing,changeable system rather than a fixed recorder of reality. 46.What is the primary function of the"prediction error"according to the predictive coding theory? A.To generate entirely new sensory models from scratch. B.To create persistent illusions that dominate our perception. C.To act as the main source of sensory information the brain receives. D To serve as the only signal for the brain to correct its internal predictions. 47.The experiment involving the unclear bicycle image is mentioned to illustrate A.the superiority of human visual processing B.how prior beliefs can change perceptual judgment C.the difficulty in recognizing uncommon objects D.the complete unreliability of human senses 48.According to the passage,how do stereotypes function within the predictive coding framework? A.They eliminate all prediction errors in social interactions. B.They serve as neutral prior beliefs with no cognitive cost. C.They may contribute to strengthening existing biases. D.They are easily changed by new sensory information. 19.What does the author suggest about the brain's predictive system in the last paragraph? A.It is unchangeable and determines our perception permanently. B.It can be intentionally modified through focused attention and new experiences. C.Its primary role is to resist any form of learning or adjustment. D.It makes mindfulness practices scientifically unimportant. 高三尔级英语试倦第8贞共12页 : : 50.Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A.Prediction and Perception:How the Brain Constructs Reality B.The Passive Brain:A Receiver of Information : C.The End of Stereotypes:A Neuroscience Perspective D.Sensory Overload:The Brain's Processing Challenge D In our success-obsessed culture,failure is often seen as a final destination,a mark of shame to be avoided at all costs.From a young age,we are taught to fear it,hide it,and race past it as 好 quickly as possible.But what if we've been looking at failure all wrong?A growing body of research in psychology and education suggests that failure,when approached correctly,is not a : dead end but a critical crossroads on the path to growth and innovation. :. The key lies in our mindset.Psychologist Carol Dweck's work on "fixed"versus "growth" mindsets is central here.Individuals with a fixcd mindset believe their abilities are carved in : stone.For them,failure is a destructive decision on their inherent talent,leading to avoidance and helplessness.Those with a growth mindset,however,see abilities as muscles that can be developed.They interpret failure not as evidence of their inability,but as a valuable source of information-a signal that their current strategy isn't working and needs adjustment. 承 This reframing transforms failure from a threat into a teacher.In the scientific community, "negative results"-experiments that don't work as hypothesized ()-are increasingly published and valued becausc they tell future researchers what paths not to take,saving immense timc and resources.Similarly,in the world of cnirepreneurship(企业家精神)， seasoned founders often speak of their early failed ventures as their most formative education, teaching them lessons about markets,teams,and resilicnce (that no business school case study could. However.not all failurc is productive.The learning potential of failure depends on the quality of the reflcction that follows it.Simply repeating the same mistakes leads nowhere. 羽 Productive failurc involves a deliberate process:analyzing what went wrong,identifying controllable factors,seeking feedback.and formulating a new plan of action.It requires emotional resilience to tolerate the discomfort of being wrong and the intellectual honesty to confront one's own shortcomings. Ultumately,by devaluing failure.we risk raising a generation that is afraid to take necessary risks.think creatively,or challenge the status quo ()If we want to promote true : innovation and resilient individuals,we must cultivate environments-in schools,workplaces, : and homes-where intelligent.effort-based failure is not just tolerated,but welcomed as an : essential step in the learning process.The goal is not to fail,but to fail forward. : 高三布级英沿试径统9贞共I2贞 51.What is the main point of the first paragraph? A.To criticize society's overemphasis on success. B.To introduce a new perspective on the role of failure. C.To list the common consequences of failure. D.To compare different cultural attitudes towards failure. 52.According to Carol Dweck's theory,how do people with a "growth mindset"view failure? A.As an opportunity to learn and improve their strategies. B.As a permanent reflection of their intelligence. C.As a sign that they should give up.on their goals. D.As a purely negative event to be forgotten quickly. 53.The author mentions "negative results"in scientific research and failed ventures in entreprencurship to A.highlight the high cost of making mistakes in these fields B.prove that failure is inevitable in any complex endeavor C.illustrate how failure can provide instructive feedback D.argue that these fields are more tolerant of failure than others 54.What determines whether a failure can lead to growth? A.The severity of the consequencosc B.The amount of time it takes to recover. C.The quality of reflection and analysis after the event D.The number of pcople who witness IL 55.What is the author's ultimate advice for fostering innovation? A.To carefully avoid any potentiat risks. B.To create environments that encourage learning from well-intentioned failure. C.To only attempt tasks with a high probability of success. D.To scparate the leaming process from the pressure of outcomes. 高三尔级英语试苍笕10页共12页